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Purpose: To determine and compare the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in older Australians of Anglo-Celtic and Southern European origin. Methods: A total of 21,132 participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, aged 47-86 years, were assessed for AMD in 2003-2007 with non-mydriatic fundus photography. Of these, 14% were born in Southern Europe (Greece, Italy or Malta), with the remaining 86% of Anglo-Celtic origin, born in Australia, the United Kingdom or New Zealand. Results: Overall, 2694 participants (12.7%) had early stages of AMD, defined as either one or more drusen ≥125 μm (with or without pigmentary abnormalities) or one or more drusen 63-124 μm with pigmentary abnormalities in a 6000-μm diameter grading grid, in the absence of late AMD in either eye. A total of 122 participants (0.6%) had late AMD, defined as either geographic atrophy or neovascular AMD. In logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education and physical activity, Southern Europeans compared to Anglo-Celts had a higher prevalence of the early stages of AMD (odds ratio, OR, 1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.00-1.34), and lower prevalence of late AMD (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.78). Conclusions: Australians of Southern European origin have a higher prevalence of the early stages of AMD and lower prevalence of late AMD compared to those of Anglo-Celtic origin. Although AMD prevalence in the older age group(s) of Southern Europeans could be underestimated due to disparity in participation rates, it is likely that both lifestyle and genetic factors play their parts in differential AMD prevalence in these ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In an elderly Australian population, to evaluate the quality of fundus photographs taken non-mydriatically in both eyes, and to compare the quality of those taken second with those taken first. Methods: From 2258 participants (4516 images) aged 70 years and older who participated in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), digital non-stereoscopic 45° retinal photographs were taken with a Canon CR6-45NM Non-mydriatic Retinal Camera and evaluated. The quality of macular images was assessed as good, fair, and poor and McNemar's test was used to analyze variation in quality. Results: Gradable quality images were obtained from 95.8% eyes of participants, with 93.9% of participants having gradable photos of both eyes. The gradable rate for the eye photographed first (right), was significantly higher than that for the eye photographed second (left): 89.7% vs. 85.6%, respectively (difference of 4.12%, confidence interval [CI] of 2.68-5.54%, p < 0.001). The rate of ungradable photographs from the second eye was slightly greater than the first eye (4.5% and 3.8%, respectively), but the difference in proportion was not statistically significant (difference of 3.6%, CI of 0.17-1.5%, p = 0.384). Conclusions: In the setting of a large elderly cohort study, non-dilated 45° digital retinal imaging is an excellent method for fundus examination. It is fast, easy to use, non-invasive, and a reliable AMD (age-related macular degeneration)-detecting technique with only a minor loss of information from the second eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]