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Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Why look at art to understand an African city like Johannesburg? African cities are often studied through the lens of urban dilemmas that are supposed to characterize them. Whereas it is common to study the role of art in the (un)making of Western cities, it is still quite uncommon to do so for African cities. In the case of South African cities, more and more scholars are nevertheless using art in order to challenge this imbalance and to propose a more qualified and sensitive approach to daily life in urban spaces. This paper aims to pursue this effort by looking at Inhabitant, a performance organized by Sello Pesa and Vaughn Sadie in Johannesburg in 2011. From a cultural and urban geographer's perspective, this performance is particularly interesting since it is offering a new vision of Johannesburg and its public spaces as they are lived by city dwellers, while inviting the audience of the performance to act upon this vision, if not to perform it. Through close qualitative analysis of Inhabitant, I will argue that art can transform urban spaces, both symbolically and materially, by fostering a change in perceptions and, consequently, in representations and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an approach to understanding dramatic social change, entwined with belief revision and shifting knowledge. It explores the interplay between rapidly changing material and ideological conditions through the concept of a rupture. Ruptures are breakdowns in existing social and epistemic practices and relations: periods which call into question what is normalized, such that something else can grow through the cracks. Ruptures do not guarantee any particular replacement, but rather facilitate the emergence of new practices and understandings of the world. Ruptures thus create conditions of possibility for people to explore new social relations and ideas. To develop this idea, this paper draws on Franz Fanon's writings on the Algerian anti-colonial revolution (1954–1962), as a paradigmatic rupture, as well as two smaller-scale ruptures: the student-worker movements over 2015–2016 in South Africa (#FeesMustFall) and Brazil (the primavera secundarista). In their respective contexts, each movement has substantively challenged prevailing practices and understandings that had been hegemonic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much work has recently explored the remarkable legislative achievements that have benefited queer groups in South Africa. Less well understood has been an appreciation as to how the links between histories of racism and histories of sexuality deployed to legitimate such legal challenges may also have directly helped to entrench the ability of others to argue against queer rights. Drawing on the work of Stuart Hall, this article will explore how queer activist's association with an ideology of 'equality' (and the link between racism and sexuality-based discrimination) has not simply concluded discussion about the rights (or wrongs) of queer rights. Instead that association has helped align the issue of sexuality within a far broader debate as to what the 'New South Africa' should mean after a racist past. This may help us appreciate a so far little understood and yet key reason why homophobia remains such a pervasive problem in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal mining settlements in Rustenburg, South Africa, grew exponentially due to the removal of apartheid-era spatial controls in the late 1980s and the boom in platinum mining in the early 2000s. These informal settlements lack official recognition, and this generates collective uncertainty and engenders different forms of waiting. Residents wait for employment, services, and ultimately official recognition of their settlement and its integration into the Rustenburg Local Municipality. As residents wait, they also fashion various strategies to alleviate their situation. Drawing on ethnographic data collected from the Ikemeleng informal settlement on the outskirts of Rustenburg town, this article combines an analysis of experiences of waiting with the conditions and structures that generate waiting. It argues that waiting in informal settlements is not characterized by passive acquiesce but is an engaged activity that is informed by residents' reflexive responses to the different structures and regimes of waiting. The article argues that informal settlements should be viewed as zones of waiting, not only because they are spaces that generate waiting, but most importantly because residents engage in active waiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassroots football in Soweto is peculiar – played in public, but suspended in ideas of confined protection. Physically situated in the midst of treacherous streets, but understood through concepts of safety and security. In a desire to navigate life in the precarious conditions of the South African township, young footballers lean on authoritative structures, as well as being caught in them, in a search for identity, and in an effort to draw a much-needed demarcation line between wholesome activity and unwanted conduct. From a ground up perspective, I pose new questions relating to how the conceptualization of local football structures activity, coordinates social control and offers a framework for a desired dependency in the urban, Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyday experiences of trauma and violence are difficult to access and articulate, and yet have significant weight in shaping relationships of power, access, and rights. This article responds to this epistemological challenge by exploring how storytelling can be used to work into the deep gaps and brutal silences that characterize life on the margins in Cape Town. This article traces an engaged story-based form of research with people from informal settlements and townships to examine how political subjectivities are shaped and enacted through storytelling about everyday life. In terms of political subjectivity, it is possible to consider two distinct but interrelated processes within storytelling: the constitution of the person as a political subject through the interpolation of their personal experiences into public, recognizable meanings. Secondly, the constitution of the possibility of gaining a position which can be recognized and the possibility to act on this position. This article explores in greater depth the ways in which this happens. While this approach has many challenges and tensions, it also opens new possibilities for articulating and understanding political subjectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although post-apartheid South Africa has seemingly opened its doors, its immigration and migration policies are 'increasingly characterized by powerful xenophobic and exclusionary discourses centred on migration from the rest of Africa' (Peberdy 2001, 16). The increase in xenophobic violent attacks and the extensive media coverage of these violent spurts has shifted the public discourse from exploring the different manifestations of xenophobia to an emphasis on a specific segment of the population which is primarily male and living in the townships. In both research and public discourse, the dominant discourse of xenophobia as male violence negates psychological and other mental forms of violence and xenophobia against women. Focusing on the experiences of women from other African countries and local women partnered with African non-nationals this article aims to provide counterpoints to this picture. It does so by understanding the negligence of women's experiences within a framework of body politics and nationalism in which female bodies tend to be constructed as the authentic, inner country whose purity, sexuality, and traditional roles must be secured (Baines 2003, "Body politics and the Rwandan crisis." Third World Quarterly 24 (3): 479–493, 482). It argues that the nation-building project as imagined by South African society constructs insiders and outsiders at the detriment of the vulnerable and minority groups in society (non-nationals and citizens alike) in a highly gendered manner. By looking at different ways in which women are positioned in the post-apartheid national building project, the article asks what forms of subjectivities and belonging are negotiated and enacted in response to these positionings. It shows how the experience of being a non-national is not fixed but becomes differently articulated during specific moments. Similarly, forms of belonging also depend on the context in which women find themselves in, thereby generating contingent political subjectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pride parades can be understood as the stage where identity politics is performed [De Waal, S., and A. Manion, eds. 2006. PRIDE: Protest and Celebration. University of the Witwatersrand, GALA]. [Johnston, L. 2007. "Mobilizing Pride/Shame: Lesbians, Tourism and Parades." Social & Cultural Geography 8 (1): 29–45] argues, 'Pride parades are visible expressions of collectivities which may homogenize experience and exclude those who do not conform to norms'. Thus, Pride has the potential of being a queer platform, in the way that [Warner, M., ed. 1993. Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press] sees queer as being in opposition to 'regimes of the normal'. While Pride is closely associated with gay culture since the 1960s, it is not without contestation even among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people. This paper aims to unpack contestations within Pride in two cities in South Africa, highlighting in particular the ways class, race, space and gender disrupt LGBTQ identifications, organizing and notions of belonging. Using the frame of ihlazo, a notion that includes, inter alia, shame, embarrassment and disgrace, the paper exposes the racial and class collusions that compromise gay and lesbian groups in post-apartheid South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation imperatives in contemporary South Africa require greater workforce participation by Black South African women but we know very little about their lived experiences. To address this gap, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with black mothers employed in professional occupations. We use an intersectionality lens to show how the interplay of race, gender and organisational culture hinders the advancement of Black women professionals. In doing so, we lay the groundwork for the development of new theory and the implementation of strategies that incorporate contemporary insights on race, gender, work and family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of several new South African post-apartheid memory projects, the Red Location Museum in New Brighton, Port Elizabeth opened in 2006, in a century-old informal settlement with strong histories of resistance. The museum was intended to acknowledge the area’s contribution to the liberation struggle, and contribute to dismantling apartheid urban geographies by producing a tourist and cultural economy. However, the project was highly contested from its inception by residents who felt that the priority for the neighbourhood should be housing and service delivery. Major housing-related protests erupted on the museum’s doorstep between 2003 and 2005, and in late 2013 the new cultural precinct was closed down indefinitely. This paper examines the politics and controversies surrounding the Red Location developments between 1997 and 2013, using this case study to consider the ways in which the protests around the museum are rooted in historical and political histories made visible through residents’ radical claiming of ownership of the museum building. The Red Location example offers a useful consideration of the complexities of applying notions of ‘participation’ and ‘community ownership’ in practice in fraught situations where major change is needed, and makes a case for the thorough historicisation of contemporary conflicts over development and spatial change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing middle-class status involves a great amount of ‘boundary work’, part of which takes place in discussions and narratives over labels. In this paper, I show how an analysis of the narratives around labels such as ‘coconut’ and ‘black diamond’ are vital to understanding the complexities of middle-class boundary work in post-apartheid South Africa. I juxtapose fragments from a public discussion on the term ‘coconut’ in 2015 with young, urban professionals’ reactions to the concept of ‘black diamonds’ in the first decade of the 21st century. This reveals a shift is taking place that is making intra-group differences more visible, while calling into question the racial loyalties of those apparently upwardly mobile. In all, analysing labelling politics helps understand the historical and geographical situatedness of middle-class boundary work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to gain increased knowledge regarding the sexual risk behaviour of school-going young people in South Africa after two decades of HIV-education in schools, to contribute to the development of improved HIV prevention strategies. In collaboration with the Department of Education, a sample of 5305 learners (between 10 and 18 years in Grades 5–12) from high-risk communities were identified. They completed a survey that assessed self-reported sexual risk behaviour and variables that potentially underlie sexual risk, such as attitudes towards preventive behaviour, perceived social norms and self-efficacy (based on the theory of planned behaviour [TPB]) and social factors like caregiver relationships and gender norms (based on the social ecological theory). Lifetime sex was reported by 49.4% of boys and 30.5% of girls in Grades 8–12, while 56% of the sexually active young people reported consistent condom use. Accurate knowledge about HIV transmission was low (37.8%). Regression analysis showed that risk behaviour was more prominent among older male youths, who perceived social norms as encouraging sexual activity, who use alcohol excessively, and who have negative attitudes towards abstinence. Perceived traditional community gender norms and negative relationships with caregivers were also associated with sexual risk behaviour. This research showed that the TPB can be used in planning HIV prevention interventions for young people. It also revealed that HIV-prevention strategies should focus beyond educating the individual, to address community factors such as improving caregiver relationships, the culture of substance abuse, peer group norms and inequality in community gender norms. These community processes influence young people's behaviour and need to be addressed to allow the youth to make healthy behavioural choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS proposed to reduce the vertical transmission of HIV from ∼72,200 to ∼8300 newly infected children by 2015 in South Africa (SA). However, cultural, infrastructural, and socio-economic barriers hinder the implementation of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) protocol, and research on potential solutions to address these barriers in rural areas is particularly limited. This study sought to identify challenges and solutions to the implementation, uptake, and sustainability of the PMTCT protocol in rural SA. Forty-eight qualitative interviews, 12 focus groups discussions (n = 75), and one two-day workshop (n = 32 participants) were conducted with district directors, clinic leaders, staff, and patients from 12 rural clinics. The delivery and uptake of the PMTCT protocol was evaluated using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); 15 themes associated with challenges and solutions emerged. Intervention characteristics themes included PMTCT training and HIV serostatus disclosure. Outer-setting themes included facility space, health record management, and staff shortage; inner-setting themes included supply use and availability, staff–patient relationship, and transportation and scheduling. Themes related to characteristics of individuals included staff relationships, initial antenatal care visit, adherence, and culture and stigma. Implementation process themes included patient education, test results delivery, and male involvement. Significant gaps in care were identified in rural areas. Information obtained from participants using the CFIR framework provided valuable insights into solutions to barriers to PMTCT implementation. Continuously assessing and correcting PMTCT protocol implementation, uptake and sustainability appear merited to maximize HIV prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on photo-elicitation interviews with 60 middle-class, white residents of two privileged suburbs of Cape Town, this paper focuses on the particularities and the potential effects of mobile encounters with strangers. Starting from discourses about different means of transportation, it is demonstrated, first, that middle-class, white South Africans prefer cars over public transit not only for safety reasons or matters of practicality but also to circumvent interactions with those whom they consider to be strangers. Yet, based on the ambiguous and ambivalent sensations of fear, shame, guilt, sympathy, apathy and anxiety provoked by glances and glimpses of strangers on drives through the city, it is clarified that particular forms of visual encounter which develop on-the-go can stimulate privileged residents of a very unequal city to develop new engagements with strangers. By analyzing how unfocused interactions through the windshield add up to focused interactions at home and at work, it is shown, more specifically, how different types of encounters at different places complement each other to encourage middle-class, white residents to see the humanity of those whom they had considered to be strange or dangerous before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, civil society organizations (CSOs) have joined public–private partnerships (PPPs) to reduce poverty and promote local development. In what follows, I analyze the development of the Agri-FoodBank (AFB) CSO in South Africa in order to critically examine PPPs. As part of the FoodBank South Africa (FBSA) network of food banks, the AFB has emerged to reduce rural and urban food insecurities. Building on the national system of food banks, the AFB aims to train small-scale rural farmers to sell their crops to the food bank’s network of local food organizations which then feed the urban poor. In the case of the AFB, findings suggest that the PPP emerged as a mutually beneficial collaboration between the state and FBSA, as the state needed political power and FBSA needed money. However, for this PPP to form, FBSA completely transformed its mission and structure to fit the state’s preference for rural development projects. Thus, although the AFB formed to empower FBSA, data findings indicate that the AFB has increased state control over FBSA. In this way, PPPs need to be understood within the context of local state-civil society relations, as methods of state control reflect South Africa’s unique version of neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions between surface water and groundwater systems in fractured rock environments, covering large parts of southern Africa, are poorly understood, such that modelling the different water balance components is highly uncertain. Some of these uncertainties are highlighted and attempts are made to resolve them using hypothesis testing with an uncertain ensemble version of the widely used Pitman hydrological model that includes relevant groundwater components. Five study catchments are used to represent many of the major uncertainties in linking surface and groundwater resources, including the relative importance of deep unsaturated zone drainage, the balance between recharge and losses through riparian evapotranspiration and channel transmission losses. The study demonstrates that some uncertainties can be reduced, but this also involves making a number of assumptions about other aspects of a catchment water balance that can be conceptually supported but not completely validated with available data. The remaining uncertainties need to be resolved through improved process quantification and understanding, possibly using environmental tracers.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor G. Mahé [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rainfall is a major requirement for many water resources applications, including food production and security. Understanding the main drivers of rainfall and its variability in semi-arid areas is a key to unlocking the complex rainfall processes influencing the translation of rainfall into runoff. In recent studies, temperature and humidity were found to be among rainfall predictors in Botswana and South African catchments when using complex rainfall models based on the generalized linear models (GLMs). In this study, we explore the use of other less complex models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Multiplicative Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (MARIMA) (a) to further investigate the association between rainfall and large-scale rainfall predictors in Botswana, and (b) to forecast these predictors to simulate rainfall at shorter future time scales (October–December) for policy applications. The results indicate that ANN yields better estimates of forecasted temperatures and rainfall than MARIMA.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor D. Hughes [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Uncertainty analysis has become the standard approach to hydrological modelling, but has yet to be effectively used in practical water resources assessment. This study of the Great Ruaha River basin in Tanzania is based on the use of regional estimates of mean runoff, groundwater recharge and three flow points on flow duration curves (FDCs) to constrain ensemble outputs from the Pitman monthly model using Monte Carlo parameter sampling. The constraint bounds were quantified from gauged data available for 26 sub-basins together with assumptions about the spatial variations in hydrological response using limited physical sub-basin property and climate data. The results are encouraging in that the simulated FDC ranges bracket the observed curves at two gauging stations downstream of many ungauged sub-basins that are important sites for water resources development decision making. Further work is required to refine the constraint bounds, the input parameter sets and climate data and achieve a more robust model of the basin.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor G. Mahé [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Large errors in peak discharge estimates at catchment scales can be ascribed to errors in the estimation of catchment response time. The time parameters most frequently used to express catchment response time are the time of concentration (TC), lag time (TL) and time to peak (TP). This paper presents a review of the time parameter estimation methods used internationally, with selected comparisons in medium and large catchments in the C5 secondary drainage region in South Africa. The comparison of different time parameter estimation methods with recommended methods used in South Africa confirmed that the application of empirical methods, with no local correction factors, beyond their original developmental regions, must be avoided. TheTCis recognized as the most frequently used time parameter, followed byTL. In acknowledging this, as well as the basic assumptions of the approximationsTL = 0.6TCandTC≈TP, along with the similarity between the definitions of theTPand the conceptualTC, it was evident that the latter two time parameters should be further investigated to develop an alternative approach to estimate representative response times that result in improved estimates of peak discharge at these catchment scales.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor Qiang Zhang [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most dominant strands of research within cultural geography's ‘materialist turn’ is that of commodity stories. Through everything from phones to flowers, geographers have attempted to reveal the myriad connections between (Northern) consumers and (Southern) producers. Following commodities and tracing their networks, this research tends to privilege consumption as the primary site of social and cultural meaning within the global economy. Where producers are the focus, the theoretical framework for understanding their lives is typically a developmentalist one, foregrounding exploitation and/or empowerment. Thus, we learn little from commodity stories about the ordinary lives of Southern producers and the co-production of the sociocultural and the economic through their everyday practices. This paper argues that deeper sociocultural analysis of the processes of production is necessary to balance the current dominance of consumption-led commodity stories and, more importantly, to open up space for a re-imagining of Southern producers. Through the personal accounts of fourty beadwork producers in Cape Town, I explore how the everyday practices of craft production sustain existing social relations, generate new networks, and help to shape both a sense of belonging and a sense of self. This commodity story reveals Southern producers' lives to be both richer and more mundane than dominant constructions suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental flow provisions are a legal obligation under South Africa’s National Water Act (1998) where they are known as the “ecological reserve”, which is now being realized in river operations. This article presents a semi-quantitative method, based on flow–duration curve (FDC) analysis, used to assess the compliance of the Crocodile (East) River with the reserve in an historical context. Using both monthly and daily average flow data, we determine the extent and magnitude of non-compliant flows against environmental water requirements (EWRs) for three periods (1960–1983, 1983–2000, and 2000–2010). The results suggest a high degree of non-compliance, with the reserve increasing with each of these periods (14%, 35%, and 39% of the time), respectively, where effects were most pronounced in the low-flow season. The results also suggest that, whilst the magnitudes of reserve infringements for the latter period are relatively high, there appears to have been some improvement since the implementation of the river’s operating rules.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation Riddell, E., Pollard, S., Mallory, S., and Sawunyama, T., 2014. A methodology for historical assessment of compliance with environmental water allocations: lessons from the Crocodile (East) River, South Africa. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 831–843. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Against a backdrop of declining manufacturing employment, this article uses a study of the call center industry to argue that English language proficiency is central to new service jobs in post-apartheid South Africa. Drawing on research in Durban, we in this study show that access to call center work—especially the highest paid niches—is heavily mediated by English language skills generally attainable only at the most elite high schools. In doing so, we argue that access to English-medium education can challenge racial disadvantage, but simultaneously that English can help to consolidate white privilege through the continued association of a ‘prestigious’ accent with whiteness. The study accordingly reveals the importance of language in the changing intersectionality of race and class and, in doing so, underlines the value of social and cultural perspectives in labor geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GaMampa wetland, a palustrine wetland, comprises less than 1% of the catchment but is widely believed to make a significant contribution to dry-season river flow in the Mohlapitsi River, a tributary of the Olifants River, in South Africa. The contribution of the GaMampa wetland to dry-season flow in the Mohlapitsi River and the impact of increasing agriculture on its hydrological functioning were investigated. Economic analyses showed that the net financial value of the wetland was US$ 83 263 of which agriculture comprises 38%. Hydrological analyses indicated that the Mohlapitsi River contributes, on average, 16% of the dry-season flow in the Olifants River. However, the wetland contributes, at most, 12% to the increase in dry-season flow observed over the reach of the river in which the wetland is located. The remainder of the increase originates from groundwater flowing through the wetland. Furthermore, despite the conversion of 50% of the wetland to agriculture since 2001, there has been no statistically significant reduction in dry-season flow in the Mohlapitsi River. These results highlight the importance of understanding the nature of the full suite of services being provided by a wetland in order to make informed decisions for appropriate management. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M.C. Acreman Citation McCartney, M. Morardet, S. Rebelo, L-M. Finlayson, C.M. and Masiyandima, M., 2011. A study of wetland hydrology and ecosystem service provision: GaMampa wetland, South Africa. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56 (8), 1452–1466. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Much work has recently explored the remarkable legislative achievements that have benefited queer groups in South Africa. Less well understood has been an appreciation as to how the links between histories of racism and histories of sexuality deployed to legitimate such legal challenges may also have directly helped to entrench the ability of others to argue against queer rights. Drawing on the work of Stuart Hall, this article will explore how queer activist's association with an ideology of 'equality' (and the link between racism and sexuality-based discrimination) has not simply concluded discussion about the rights (or wrongs) of queer rights. Instead that association has helped align the issue of sexuality within a far broader debate as to what the 'New South Africa' should mean after a racist past. This may help us appreciate a so far little understood and yet key reason why homophobia remains such a pervasive problem in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this case study of the tourism image of Dullstroom, various contributions to the formation of the destination image were investigated. The location of the destination as represented on tourism maps; icons on road signs; slogans and strap lines from marketing collateral and frequencies of key words in websites were analysed. Structured interviews were conducted with representatives of business in Dullstroom and visitors to establish why people visit Dullstroom. The tourism image of Dullstroom is based on trout fishing, the attraction offered by the natural environment and events. Various types of tourist making up niche markets were distinguished and comments posted on websites were examined. The type of information disseminated, as well as the way in which information about a place is communicated, play a vital role in the tourism image as well as tourists' perceptions of a destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case is examined for accelerated deployment of concentrated solar power (CSP) technology in the South African electricity sector. Policy mechanisms and enabling activities that need to be defined and developed to encourage investment in CSP are reviewed. The use of a tender process, complemented by support from other policy instruments such as feed-in tariffs, is proposed as an efficient way of meeting an effective CSP target. The advantages of international support and commitment to large-scale CSP deployment include the sharing of knowledge and the incremental improvements inherent in the process of 'learning-by-doing'. Policy relevance: South Africa requires a viable alternative to coal power generation if it is to endorse decarbonization of the power sector. CSP could offer an appropriate technology but, after some years of discussions, no pilot project has yet been realized. Amongst other enabling activities, this illustrates two requirements for such a shift to a new lowcarbon technology: finance to meet the incremental costs of the initial pilot projects, and a strategy to create domestic production or attract international manufacturers to South Africa. These requirements are necessary to reduce costs and replace lost jobs from reduced coal power generation. International cooperation might unlock these opportunities by providing financial support for the incremental costs, thus enhancing the credibility of longer-term deployment strategies so as to attract investment in the supply chain; for creating technical assistance and capacity-building measures towards a suitable regulatory framework; and for manufacturing, installation and operation of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High school student identities in South Africa are informed by negotiations of global cultural flows, local histories, and social expectations. Students appropriate and give new meanings to the cultural flows they use to frame their identities, informed by the local context and by globalisation. Several aspects of these practices are of interest, notably the way in which American hip-hop interpellates coloured students in South Africa, drawing them into particular topographies of globalisation and framing their identity formations and engagement with race. The identities produced remain contested, malleable and incomplete. Understanding these identity formations therefore requires the recognition of the interactions and negotiations of global and local influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative approach is introduced for helping developing countries to make their development more sustainable, and also to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a co-benefit. Such an approach is proposed as part of the multilateral framework on climate change. The concept of sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs) is outlined, making clear that it is distinct from many other approaches in starting from development rather than explicit climate targets. The potential of SD-PAMs is illustrated with a case-study of energy efficiency in South Africa, drawing on energy modelling for the use of electricity in industry. The results show multiple benefits both for local sustainable development and for mitigating global climate change. The benefits of industrial energy efficiency in South Africa include significant reductions in local air pollutants; improved environmental health; creation of additional jobs; reduced electricity demand; and delays in new investments in electricity generation. The co-benefit of reducing GHG emissions could result in a reduction of as much as 5% of SA's total projected energy CO2 emissions by 2020. Institutional support and policy guidance is needed at both the international and national level to realize the potential of SD-PAMs. This analysis demonstrates that if countries begin to act early to move towards greater sustainability, they will also start to bend the curve of their emissions path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Benner C. (2006) ‘South Africa on-call’: information technology and labour market restructuring in South African call centres, Regional Studies40, 1–16. The dramatic global growth of call centres represents a potentially valuable employment opportunity for South Africa, as the country is gaining visibility as a viable site for off-shored business from the USA and Europe. South Africa's growth potential, however, is constrained by low educational levels of potential call centre workers, a lack of customer service management skills, and inattention to the temporal challenges of call centre work, including career trajectories for workers in the industry and evolutionary trends in the industry itself. To address this, the South African government must do more than market the country internationally. It must develop a more comprehensive approach that takes a longer-term perspective and embraces human capacity development as a central element of an economic upgrading strategy.Benner C. (2006) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about an extraordinary promotional campaign for South African citrus exports in Europe during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The campaign involved hiring and then training young, white South African women to encourage citrus sales in supermarkets and corner stores in South Africa's main European citrus markets. We describe the origins of the campaign in the late 1960s and document its progress through the 1970s until its demise in the mid-1970s. Our analysis emphasizes the extent to which the promotion of Outspan oranges relied on the bodily performances of Outspan ‘girls’ and the potential impact of consuming citrus on the bodies of British consumers. Changes in the knowledge associated with the Outspan brand demanded new body performances from the Outspan ‘girls’, and body expectations/desires of potential citrus consumers. The case study shows how food may be inscribed on the bodies of those promoting and consuming transnationally traded food commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An initiative to market Cape Town as a premier gay and lesbian tourist destination has steadily gathered steam over the last decade. I set out to study this phenomenon thereby adding to conversations about the normalization and globalization of queerness. Rather than straightforwardly presenting my findings, however, this paper considers queer theorizing as an inductive process by detailing the answers I did not find in the field and the questions I did. Based on my close readings of queer theory, I went looking for resistance and therefore queerness in the normalized space of ‘gay Cape Town’. I was disappointed. But I did not instead find outright capitulation. Rather, in this process of queer's commodification, I found anxieties, cracks and fissures beneath a veneer of assured mainstreaming. I found an undetermined process that did not represent either ‘un-African-ness’ or ‘global queer homogeneity’ or ‘African-ness’ and ‘local queer heterogeneity’. I found not an un-queering through commodification, but a queer commodity struggling to gain a foothold in a nation in which the terrain for gay and lesbian politics has drastically changed in such a way that the market cannot be ignored. To grapple with these findings, I argue for a more ambivalent approach to queer theorizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RWIGEMA H. B. (1995) South Africa's revised industrial incentives: an assessment, Reg. Studies 29, 519–531. Central to South Africa's regional economic policy has been the subsidization of industrialists locating in or adjacent to areas reserved for Black people. Since 1960, rising subsidies were offered in an attempt to boost employment, curbing Black urbanization. From 1968, physical controls on industrial expansion were added in core areas like the Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (P W V) region. Until May 1991, incentives were calculated as a proportion of operating costs. They were intended to compensate industrialists for operating in uncompetitive locations. Over the years, decentralization policy was criticized for ineffectiveness and waste. This led to the introduction of a profit-based incentive scheme on 1 May 1991. In this article, a preliminary assessment of the revised policy is offered. Prospects of an overall industrial policy, replacing industrial decentralization, are considered. Post-election developments are updated. RWIGEMA H. B. (1995) Les primes industrielles modifiées en Afrique du Sud: un bilan, Reg. Studies 29, 519–531. Les subventions visant les industriels implantés dans ou voisin des zones réservées aux Noirs, ont été essentielles à la politique économique régionale de l'Afrique du Sud. Depuis 1960, des subventions en hausse ont été offertes dans une tentative de relancer l'emploi, limitant l'urbanisation des Noirs. Depuis 1968, des contrôles physiques de l'expansion industrielle ont été rajoutées dans les zones principales comme Pretoria—Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV). Jusqu'au mois de mai 1991, les primes étaient calculées en fonction des frais d'exploitation. Elles étaient censées indemniser les industriels d'opérer dans des emplacements désavantageux. Sur le temps, la politique de décentralisation a été critiquée à cause de l'inefficacité et du gaspillage. Cela a entraîné la mise en oeuvre le premier mai 1991 d'un système de primes basé sur les bénéfices. Cet article présente une évaluation préliminaire de la politique modifiée. Les perspectives pour une politique industrielle globale, remplacant la décentralisation industrielle, sont considérées. Les changements qui ont eu lieu depuis les élections, sont mis à jour. RWIGEMA H. B. (1995) Industrieanreize Südafrikas nach der Revision: eine Einschätzung, Reg. Studies 29, 519-531. Das Kernstück der regionalen Wirtschaftspolitik Südafrikas war die Subventionierung von Industriellen, die in oder in unmittelbarer Nähe von den Schwarzen vorbehaltenen Gebieten Standorte wählten. In dem Bestreben, der Erwerbstätigkeit Aufschwung zu verleihen, und schwarzer Verstädterung entgegenzuwirken, hatte man die Höhe der Subventionierungen gesteigert. Ab 1968 wurden in Kerngebieten wie der Pretoria-Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) zusätzlich Geländebeschränkungen der industriellen Ausweitung eingeführt. Bis Mai 1991 betrachtete man Anreize als Teil Betriebskosten. Sie sollten Industrielle dafür entschädigen, daß sie Unternehmen an wettbewerbsuntauglichen Standorten betrieben. Im Laufe der Jahre kam jedoch Kritik an der Unwirksamkeit und Verschwendung der Dezentralisationspolitik auf. Dies führte zur Ablösung durch ein auf Profitbasis gegründetes Anreizsystem ab 1.Mai 1991. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine vorläufige Einschätzung der revidierten Regional-wirtschaftspolitik vorgelegt. Die Aussichten für eine Gesamtindustriepolitik an Stelle industrieller Dezentralisierung werden behandelt. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]