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AbstractMythologies, in most religions, are regarded as knowledge keepers of ancient societies. They preserve knowledge in various forms and have spread worldwide since time immemorial. Hindu mythology is one such mythology that has had a broad reach across the Indian subcontinent for a long time. It has taught many ways of life to the world. Though Hindu mythology has love, peace, humanity, and righteousness as the primary pillars in its appeal, it is criticized in disability discourse as it associates Karmic philosophy with disability. However, on the other side, Hindu mythology has also normalized disability by integrating people with disability/ies into society. Thus, this paper examines the representation of disability in Hindu mythology by referring to some characters from the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twentieth-century logical mainstream, derived from works by Łukasiewicz and Scholz, pictures the history of logic for the most part as the prehistory of Boolean–Fregean mathematical logic. Particularly, with respect to classical propositional calculus, the Stoic logic has been pictured as an early stage of it and Aristotle's or the Peripatetics' logic as a theory that assumes it. Although it was not emphasised, it follows that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion. In the endmost quarter of the twentieth century, a competitive view began to spread to the effect that the ancient systems of logic were paraconsistent or relevantistic. In the twenty-first century, the latter view prevails and has every chance of becoming a new orthodoxy. It is claimed that although in Łukasiewicz's argument for the classicality of ancient logics, there are gaps, it may be demonstrated that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India’s New Education Policy 2020 (NEP), released in the middle of a pandemic, aimed to provide a direction to the education sector through its multidisciplinary focus and restructuring of the existing system. The philosophy of the NEP claims inspiration from ancient knowledge systems which is a departure from the existing secular consensus of scientific temper in education. This exploratory study endeavours to understand and explores the antecedents of indigenous ancient Indian education knowledge systems (AIKS), its relevance in the contemporary landscape and the factors that may have influenced the ideation of such a policy. The issues such as nostalgia for an imagined past and the perception of Gurukul as an effective formal education model are the dimensions studied in this theoretical mixed method paper which combines quantitative survey, case study and discourse analysis. The NEP deserves greater scrutiny since it would have a long-term impact on education in India. Especially, for its claim of AIKS exceptionalism in an education policy document that would chart the future of the world largest demographic of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article strives to accomplish three objectives. First, it provides a general overview of jurisprudence and the organization of procedural law in ancient Egypt. Second, it considers several legal topics and how they relate to women in ancient Egypt. Third, it examines, in greater detail, how Egyptian law viewed gender roles and how the law influenced the status of men and women in ancient Egyptian society. The article highlights the special place that ancient Egyptian law occasionally gave to women within the broader legal context. Included among these observations are the following: women served as judges; they testified as witnesses during trials; they had legal authority to own, buy, and sell property; women paid taxes; women owned one-third of the property acquired during marriage, and children inherited their mother's dowry; women could inherit property and could also make valid wills of their own; and they had capacity to enter into binding contracts. The article demonstrates that the legal status of women in ancient Egypt was unique among ancient civilizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Author discusses the evidence of copper ore winning and smelting in Lombardy during the late Bronze/early Iron Ages and observes that far more copper ore reduction sites than copper deposits are known. Then, using Valsassina (Lecco) as an example shows that in an area in theory void of copper ores there are micro sources of copper ores, which could have interested prehistoric miners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions concerning ancient Roman conspicuous consumption are normally related to extravagant preparation of dishes or consumption of exotic foodstuffs. This paper argues that serving and eating fattened animals was a more suitable mode of conspicuous consumption for the Roman elite of the early Principate than has been previously argued. The sources suggest that consumption of fattened animals could be a way to achieve a sought-after balance between norms and values relating to moderation, refined luxury, and extravagance. Why? Fattening expressed notions of control of nature and was connected with consumption of local foods. As such, consumption of fattened animals articulated aspects of the sense of cultural identity that is referred to as Romanitas. Appreciation of these features contributes to our understanding of popularity of consuming fattened animals among the Roman elite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sussemionus is an extinct subgenus of Equus first characterized and delineated in 2010. The almost complete mitochondrial genome is available only for a single specimen of Sussemionus - a 40,000 years old E. ovodovi from Proskuryakova cave (Khakassia, Russia). Our studies of ancient horses from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia) revealed mitochondrial DNA of this species in a 32,000 years old sample. Using alignments to multiple mitochondrial genomes of non-caballine equids, we recovered 100% complete mitochondrial genome of E. ovodovi for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates close relationship between this individual and the one previously described in Khakassia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Cropsey dedicated himself to considering both ancient and modern thinkers. He detected fundamental questions about the human situation persistent through every era but often obscured by excessive insistence on opposing “modern” to “ancient.” He envisioned a great conversation among the greatest thinkers of antiquity and modernity in which they recognize a common inquiry into that which they do not yet know, companionable in the conviction that in their common seeking they cultivate the virtue of moderation both in philosophic reflection and in response to the issues of politics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the Middle East, disaster management planning is not limited to natural calamities but must also consider armed conflict disaster. After the burning of libraries in Iraq, Egypt, and Lebanon since 2003, we must ask in what way do those countries preserve their heritage? What practices do they have in place for times of war? Were these applied when needed? If not, what obstacles prevented their application? This paper presents the findings of a survey of the literature on disaster management for times of war and an analysis of four case studies and argues the importance of prevention and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The topic of this paper is the result of desk research about Malaysian and Chinese Ikat dyeing and weaving techniques, which rank amongst the three major ancient resist-dyeing techniques. Based on factual accounts of excavated, historic fabrics and historical literature, the paper explores the association between the spreading of Ikat dyeing and weaving techniques and Indian Buddhism, thus elucidating the origins of Ikat. With reference to ancient textile cultural exchanges, the paper also analyzes the manner in which Ikat techniques were spread via land and sea along the Silk Route and its historical succession in Xinjiang and Hainan of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander's death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, certain aspects of Varèse's life and work are discussed that have at times, I feel, been overemphasised, distorted, or even omitted, in order to lend greater weight to the depiction of him as a non-European (non-'Old World', non-traditional) and fully American (fully 'New World' radical Modernist, experimentalist) composer. The following article attempts to demonstrate how the past can be felt to resonate in concert with the present and/or future throughout Varèse's oeuvre. Part 1 deals with certain biographical matters, and part 2 focuses more directly on aspects of his works. The following should not be read as an attempt in any way to deny the importance of the USA nor the 'Modern' in Varèse's work, but more to demonstrate that he was an artist at the crossroads of many things old and new and at a time when the world was changing rapidly. This dialectic of the 'Old' (even ancient) and the 'New' can be felt to operate in all of Varèse's works, and to be mindful of this, does I feel bring a vitally different perspective to the place, currency and legitimacy of his art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the first and the sixth century a single theological and several medical authors reported on the consumption of gladiator's blood or liver to cure epileptics. The origins of the sacred or apoplectic properties of blood of a slain gladiator, likely lie in Etruscan funeral rites. Although the influence of this religious background faded during the Roman Republic, the magical use of gladiators' blood continued for centuries. After the prohibition of gladiatorial combat in about 400 AD, an executed individual (particularly had he been beheaded) became the "legitimate" successor to the gladiator. Occasional indications in early modern textbooks on medicine as well as reports in the popular literature of the 19th and early 20th century document the existence of this ancient magical practice until modern times. Spontaneous recovery of some forms of epilepsy may be responsible for the illusion of therapeutic effectiveness and for the confirming statements by physicians who have commented on this cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review species richness in major organism groups, mainly using examples from northern Europe. A high proportion of these species is forest living, and large numbers are dependent on decaying wood. Biodiversity can be assessed at various scales using two different principles. One is to use features, such as ancient and dead trees, known to be important for a large number of species. The other method is to choose species or groups of species known to indicate high biodiversity or presence of many red-listed species. We argue that any serious biodiversity assessment method should include the most species rich organism groups, for example insects. In the present paper we point out the most important features for high biodiversity (old trees and large dead trees), and review the quantities of these features in near-virgin forests. The natural disturbance regime of a region should be the basis for defining a suitable scale and the appropriate features for biodiversity assessment. Possible indicator species for high biodiversity in northern Europe are suggested, based on previous investigations. Among epiphytic lichens and wood-living beetles there are many potentially useful species in addition to vascular plants in the nemoral forest. Among vertebrates, woodpeckers and grouses seem to be the most useful. Validation tests for indicator structures and species are largely lacking but urgently needed. The implications of possible delayed local extinctions are important to bear in mind when managing for sustainable forestry. The knowledge of forest history is useful when developing cost-efficient measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 65-year-old male was admitted for progressive lower back pain. The preoperative revealed an osteolytic expansile mass with a sclerotic margin involving the right lamina and pedicle of L2. The histopathology revealed an ancient schwannoma. We report a rare case of an intraosseous ancient schwannoma involving lumbar vertebra along with its imaging findings and surgical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander's death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]