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AbstractThis study reports the green synthesis of Berberis vulgaris root water-mediated silver nanoparticles (BvAgNPs) showcasing high purity, size-controlled morphology, and potential anti-diabetic activity. Characterization techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of predominantly spherical BvAgNPs within the 15–70 nm range, coated with organic moieties from the extract. Remarkably, BvAgNPs exhibited significantly enhanced α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the extract alone, with inhibition higher for α-amylase. This superior anti-diabetic activity, even comparable to the standard drug Acarbose for α-amylase inhibition, highlights the potential of BvAgNPs as natural and potentially less-toxic alternatives in diabetes management. Further research on their mechanisms and in vivo efficiency is warranted to pave the way for their future application as promising anti-diabetic therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context:Stachys guyonianaNoë ex. Batt. andMentha aquaticaL. are two Algerian Lamiaceae used in folk medicine. Objective:To investigate their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities. Material and methods:n-Butanol (BESG), ethyl acetate (EESG) and chloroform (CESG) extracts ofS. guyonianaand methanol (MEMA) and chloroform (CEMA) aerial part extracts ofM. aquaticaand methanol (MERMA) and acetone (AERMA) roots extracts ofM. aquaticawere evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH•and ABTS•+ scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The anticholinesterase activity was tested against AChE and BChE. The antibacterial activity was assessed by MICs determination againstEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella heidelberg,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenesandMorganella morganiistrains. Results:In the β-carotene test, the CESG (IC50: 2.3 ± 1.27 μg/mL) exhibited the highest activity. The BESG was the best scavenger of DPPH•(IC50: 2.91 ± 0.14 μg/mL). In the ABTS test, AERMA was the most active (IC50: 4.21 ± 0.28 μg/mL). However, with the CUPRAC, the BESG exhibited the best activity (A0.50: 0.15 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and was active in metal chelating assay with 48% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The BESG was the best AChE inhibitor (IC50: 5.78 ± 0.01 μg/mL) however, the AERMA showed the highest BChE inhibitory activity (IC50: 19.23 ± 1.42 μg/mL). The tested extracts exhibited a good antibacterial activity. Conclusion:This study demonstrated good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial potential ofS. guyonianaandM. aquatica,which fits in well with their use in folk medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]