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The article discusses various issues related to China's evaluation of adjustment to the U.S. security policy since September 11, 2001. China is watching the U.S. change of defense doctrine, especially regarding nuclear strategy. Currently China believes that the U.S. will continue its nuclear as well as conventional forces modernization, especially with precision attack capabilities, as a part of its Revolution in Military Affairs. Certainly, China is advancing its own modernization in nuclear weapons arsenal, information warfare commanding and the capability of precise delivery of its own munitions. China is determined to avoid a major confrontation, vis-a-vis Washington, at least in the next two decades and is trying to deepen the current Three-C's relationship with the United States.

The article discusses about various issues related to the U.S. security policy on China. This discussion shows that, from China's perspective, the key to improving the U.S.-China relations is not stressing common interests in reality, but stressing China's long-term goodwill. The most important issue in the U.S.-China security relations is Taiwan issue. When dealing with Taiwan issue, China should also take into account how to influence the U.S. concerns about gains. The U.S., therefore, might adopt a more co-operative policy on China.

On September 13, 2001, Jerry Falwell made a guest appearance on Pat Robertson's 700 Club by remote satellite and commented on the bombings two days before of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Together, the two ministers forcefully expressed a "politics of desert" that links American tolerance of lesbians and gay men, feminists, atheists, and others with God's punishment on the polity. Although Falwell and Robertson were widely denounced for their comments, little analysis followed in the media of the theological and political content of the Christian Right's politics of desert or of the multiple modes of address that Christian Right leaders use to deliver political messages to followers and to the general American public. This essay explores the theological and political commitments that ground a politics of desert and, more specifically, links the Falwell-Robertson comments to recent Christian Right political activism against lesbians and gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administrative metadata for digital images is discussed in the context of the International Poster Collection at the Colorado State University Libraries. The decision-making process that resulted in the use of the NISO draft standard “Data Dictionary: Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images” is detailed. The draft standard is discussed, as are the outcomes of its use in the poster project. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the discrepancies found in electronic journals and printed materials of libraries in Texas. Impact of electronic journals on libraries; Factors affecting the collection development for the periodicals collection; Benefits of using an electronic journals.

Presents an article that aims to better appreciate the role of Clarence Mitchell Jr., director of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1950 to 1978, as a civil rights lobbyist. Responsibility of Mitchell to advance petitions to the U.S. Congress and the White House in order to ensure passage of civil rights legislation; Common misunderstanding about the civil rights movement; Background of Mitchell.

Examines electronic journal usage statistics in the United States. Development of data collection policies; Issues of common concern to librarians and publishers; Budget justification; Publisher issues; Production of reliable and useful data; Agreement on basic data elements to be collected; Data reliability; Evolution of electronic journals to publisher-hosted databases.

Lists the top-ranking doctorate-granting institutions in communication studies in the United States. Combination of the National Communication Association and International Communication Association awards from 1994 to 1998; Use of the rankings to assess the programs of particular doctoral institutions.

Focuses on the development of a local check-in system for serials management at the Nesbitt Library in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Application of Microsoft Access and basic Kardex check-in principles; Common problems in automating check-in and claiming; Presentation of several possible check-in process based on predicted enumeration.

EMS personnel in the U.S. continue to be overwhelmingly Caucasian and male, with 75% being male and 85% identifying as nonminority. While the population of the United States becomes more diverse in ethnicity, religion, and race, the EMS workforce remains largely homogenous and does not reflect the diversity of the population it serves. Given the growing diversity across the country, EMS personnel will increasingly be responding to calls for service involving patients with different cultural backgrounds than their own. This growing gap between providers and the population they serve may exacerbate already existing disparities in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the proposals of the United States for a world arms census for control of atomic energy. The author reflects that the United States' proposal for arms count in its effort to control atomic armaments brings no significant change in the course of the negotiation. The proposal rather is a step back because it did not explicitly state that the complete arms count should be agreed upon in advance of the negotiation on limitation. He opines that the proposal is good only as a working paper for better plans in future negotiations. He suggests on the agreement to combine the arms count provisions with the limitations plan.

The article focuses on Paper trash from Los Angeles (LA) City Hall and two LA office buildings that may soon be on its way to China. The paper is being analyzed for its export value, and, sometime this summer, China Paper Partners of San Francisco, an affiliate of the Conservatree Paper Co., plans to begin shipping the paper trash to the People's Republic of China, where it will be sorted and recycled. Instead of going into already overburdened landfills on this side of the Pacific, as much as 1,000 tons of paper trash per day may make the voyage to China, where paper material is in great demand.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) derived refractory organic matter, mainly in glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), stores globally significant amounts of carbon, attracting wide attention in response to climatic change. However, there is no synthesis review has been done so far to reveal global research progresses on GRSP, especially its ecological role for climate mitigation. Here,we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the papers on GRSP research from 1998 to 2021, based on the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection.We collected a total of 634 papers and analyzed the characteristics of publication outputs in various countries and institutions. In addition, keywords analysis was conducted to reveal the main research directions and hot trends in the field of GRSP. We confirmed that 1) the number of papers published per year has gradually increased since 2010, and increased sharply in 2019; 2) the United States was the earliest country to conduct GRSP research, while China currently has the largest number of publications; 3) relevant studies focus on the role from AMF and GRSP in soil health and plant health; 4) the contribution of GRSP to soil carbon and its ecological function in mitigating climate change are the hotspot of research. The benefits of GRSP have become a consensus, however, the nature of glomalin and the mechanisms of GRSP-associated benefits still need to explore. As an important soil recalcitrant organic carbon, further studies are need to elucidate the land-ocean biogeochemical processes of GRSP and its contribution to global blue carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, early childhood educators (ECEs) made a rapid pivot to remote instruction. Much of this instruction was facilitated by digital learning resources, but the nature and quality of these resources for children's language and literacy learning is an open question. This paper draws on a national U.S. survey of ECEs during the second pandemic school year (2020–2021), which asked them to report on the apps and websites they asked children to use during remote learning. We then engaged in a content analysis of the apps/websites used most frequently, evaluating their quality along several dimensions, including support for a full range of literacy competencies, equity, and accessibility. Survey results indicated that preschool children were asked to use a wide range of apps, but six were used most frequently: YouTube, Seesaw, Starfall, Epic, Boom Cards, and ABC Mouse. The content analysis indicated that most apps supported code-focused literacy skills, but had less capacity to foster oral language and comprehension. Apps also presented few opportunities to approximate the active, hands-on learning characteristic of in-person preschool. Our analysis points to the pressing need for teacher guidance in the selection and use of apps that provide comprehensive support for language and literacy. Prior State of Knowledge: Prior studies have investigated the quality of apps for young children's literacy learning, and several studies have investigated the nature and frequency of remote instruction for children attending preschool during COVID-19. Novel Contributions: The present study reports valuable information about which language and literacy apps early childhood educators asked children to use during remote learning and provides a comprehensive evaluation of those apps, including dimensions such as equity and accessibility that have been previously under-researched. Practical Implications: One important implication for administrators is that teachers need support in finding and learning to use apps that align more closely with early learning standards. Teachers can use the QuELLA rubric in this paper as a tool for evaluating apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses some of the papers presented at the social capital workshop and conference held in Cornell University in Ithaca, New York on September 2002. Conceptual and methodological universe into which social capital fits; Role of social capital in local or community development.

Illustrates how the University of Missouri-Kansas City automated the process of creating and distributing its library's duplicates lists to other libraries by transferring them to the Duplicates Exchange Union gopher. History of the library's participation in the Duplicates Exchange; Benefits of participating in the exchange.

Presents an inventory on three volumes of the archives of Renaissance painter Giorgio Vasari at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Highlights of the archives; Document on the work of Vasari on the decoration of the cupola of Florence Cathedral in Italy; Insights on account books in the archives.

Focuses on the control of scrap paper baler crushing hazards in the United States. Reference to the study made by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health on the safeguarding requirements of balers; Description of controls; Performance requirements for the control of hazardous energy.

The article provides information concerning the scientific research paper in the U.S. Throughout its long history, the original research paper has served researchers well in science. However, one needs to recognize that a scientific research paper is a literary device with its own conventions. The modern scientific research paper in which the author describes an original contribution has evolved from letters written by individual investigators to the Royal Society or the Royal Academy and later the American Philosophical Society.

Maintenance effectiveness in manufacturing facilities is a critical factor in achieving significant competitive advantage. Consequently, attaining higher levels of maintenance effectiveness has recently become a primary goal for managers of world-class organizations. This paper presents a study, which will demonstrate how managers can identify best in class performers in terms of maintenance and how to conduct an improvement analysis using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Data on 13 paper mills collected from a large U.S manufacturing company are used to identify low performers and determine which high performer plants to benchmark in order to improve their efficiency. A discussion of results is also presented. The emphasis of this paper is on the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper neither plans to use the restorative agenda nor provides a sample of representation or voices of a teacher candidate or researcher who identifies themselves as queer. Instead, this paper looks into the researcher's desires and imagining in analyzing a split self to think about how to problematize their thinking and actions, which should go beyond the limits of gender and sexuality or a coded term "L-G-B-T-Q," to disrupt the existing binary of doing queer research. First, the author reviews what queer and after-queer mean in educational research and how the researchers have queered their work in the education field. Then, the author describes the nepantla concept as a theoretical lens. The autohistoria-teoria, or a personal essay that theorizes, is used as a form of self-critique in this piece. The author concludes by reexamining this paper's central question, How did a Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) teacher candidate queer their teaching in a high school in the United States? and shares critical thoughts of what could be next in after-queer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a case study on the restitution of the Balangiga Bells by the United States to the Philippines, which has been a decades-long contested issue in the two countries' relations. This research applies the concepts of restitution, emotional diplomacy and discourse. This paper presents an exceptional instance in which the return of war trophies was achieved through bilateral arrangements rather than multilateral action. The approach examined how Philippine anger and American conciliation were presented as the two countries worked towards the Bells' restitution. This paper examined public statements made by officials expressing their governments' official positions. The researchers viewed their remarks as forms of discursive articulation, and analyzed them following Wodak's Discourse Historical Approach. The paper's focus moved beyond the surface level meanings of government officials' statements, but also considered how the articulations were shaped by the context in which they were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a case study on worker exposures during boiler construction in a pulp and paper plant in Minnesota. Exposure of workers to emissions generated from adjacent boilers; Presentation of signs and symptoms; Conduction of environmental and medical evaluation of boiler at the construction site.

Reports on the development of enzymatic de-inking process for paper recycling by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Use of a chemical-scrubbing enzyme to clean paper so that the paper fiber can be reused to produce high-quality paper; Testing of the process.

This article presents information on the prospects of the paper books industry. According to a report, with the arrival of the first eReaders in the publishing market, it accounted for about 20% of the U.S. book market and 12.9% in Great Britain. The author states that eBooks are revolutionising reading habits.

Presents several paperfolding activities for children in the U.S. Procedure in making Kutztown Memory Boxes; Materials needed for graphing color favorites; Discussion on the concept of paper folding.

Introduces a series of articles on several issues concerning isotopic practitioners and ecologists, highlighted at the 3rd International Conference on Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies in Flagstaff, Arizona.

Several industry-led initiatives in various countries demonstrate a new interest in wellbeing and buildings. This paper adopts a scoping review method aiming to establish the most prevalent and insightful definitions and dimensions of wellbeing in buildings applied in the recent published literature. The paper adopts a two-step method for identifying and categorizing the conceptual approaches to wellbeing encountered in the current literature. First, an overview is presented of the term 'wellbeing' and its development over time. Second, the broad wellbeing categories identified are further refined and complemented via a deductive approach, drawing the final set of conceptual themes informed by the papers reviewed in this study. Nine themes were identified, two of which deductively emerged from the papers included in this study: environmental satisfaction/comfort and cognitive performance/productivity. The findings emphasize the heterogeneity of conceptual approaches to research concerning 'wellbeing in buildings', an ambiguity between wellbeing outcomes or determinants, and the need for greater clarity on the relative contributions of different wellbeing dimensions to overall individual or population wellbeing. Based on these findings, future work could be carried out to provide guidance on how to evaluate claims of evidence-based building design which foster individual or population wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this introduction, the highlights of three papers addressing the questions of immigration, traumatic migration and exile are presented. The papers give clinical details of the work with persons inflight from dangerous and potentially fatal homeland situations, offer theoretical guidelines to thinking about the different implications of trauma upon refugees and migrating persons and families and also consider the particular demands on migration and exile in communities and families within the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the small business net revenue club convergence clustering dynamics in 51 states in the United States during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our analysis is based on the daily data from January 10, 2020, to June 8, 2020. The results indicate that there was only one club convergence for all states during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. This evidence implies that the support policies enacted during the Covid-19 crisis for small and medium-sized enterprises were effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two aims of this study were to: 1) identify the 100 most impactful contributors to English-language gerontological journals, and 2) map their respective disciplinary affiliations to help illuminate the perspectives shaping gerontological discourse. Toward that end, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a publicly available database of the world's leading scientists. After extracting all scientists in the gerontological category, we rank ordered them according to a composite measure of scholarly impact that controls for self-citations and author order while also calculating other bibliometric statistics. Disciplinary affiliations were assigned based upon the Classification of Instructional Programs codes developed by the National Center for Education Statistics at the United States Department of Education. The results reveal the mean contributor to the gerontological literature published 241.15 (SD = 203.95) papers and – after correcting for self-citations – had an h-index of 50.05 (SD = 25.00), and an hm-index 23.67 (SD = 7.50). A diverse array of professional affiliations characterized the contributors with a plurality being located in the health professions category, followed by the biological and biomedical science, and social sciences categories. The results reveal that gerontology is home to some of the world's leading scientists. Leveraging their expertise can help advance the field's collective knowledge development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes that the paradigm of relationality, engaged methodologically, can be the basis of praxis that purposefully moves away from business-oriented notions of "best practices" and toward education research that meets the needs of Indigenous and Black communities currently designing futures within settler colonial states during climate catastrophe. In so doing, the paper considers what a critical Indigenous research paradigm requires of researchers, what a critical Black epistemology requires, and what we can learn by bringing the two together in a relational approach to qualitative research. Relationality is defined and placed in historical context. The author's positionality is engaged by exploring his relationship to relationality through examination of the confluence of Black and Indigenous epistemologies in the United States. Through auto-reflection on a qualitative study of land-based education, this paper analyzes research "openings" as an example of relational methodology praxis. The paper offers a critical analysis of specific, detailed methodological actions undertaken to practice relationality in order to create cracks in existing educational research methodologies through which relationality can take root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between federalism and the policy design of labour market policies in two liberal welfare state regimes – Canada and the United States – addressing the following research question: How do variations in policy design intersect with federalism in both countries and how can these variations provide powerful, self-reinforcing or self-undermining feedback effects over time? Combining the literatures on the varieties of federalism, the liberal welfare regime, and policy design and feedback, the paper shows that paying close attention to federalism is necessary to understand diverse national policy designs that produce self-reinforcing feedback effects over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparable worth principle – a call for a general readjustment of wages according to a measure of the worth of an occupation – gained policy momentum in the United States in the early 1980s. A Supreme Court decision, multiple bills, congressional hearings as well as an arsenal of initiatives from women and labour groups all over the United States shaped the debate both as a technical as well as a political issue. At the core of the quarrel lie diverse opinions on the criteria and practices of setting fair wages. This paper follows the deployment of economic arguments on both sides of the controversy between the start of a national movement in 1979, and when all US government agencies declared the principle unsound in 1985. The dominant view on the origin of biases affecting pay practices and the criteria for rational wage determination shifted radically over this period: from the market to job analysts for the responsibility of the biases, and from bureaucratic procedures to market for the locus of rationality. I document this shift using discussions about scientific evidence brought by economists in legal and political hearings. The paper describes three moments in the relationship between science and policy: first the scientization of policy, second, the politicization of knowledge claims, and finally, the weaponization of economic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green bond market has significantly improved in recent years thanks to the development of financial instruments and the rising climate change concerns. Given this backdrop, this paper investigates the effects of returns in different financial markets, i.e. the United States Treasury Bonds, the Standard & Poor's stock market, the United States Dollar, Gold, Crude Oil, and Bitcoin on the Green Bond returns (the Standard & Poor's Green Bond Index) from September 17, 2014, to September 1, 2022. The results from the robust linear and machine learning estimators indicate that the returns of the United States Treasury Bonds and the United States Dollar are negatively related to the Green Bond returns. Meanwhile, Gold returns positively affect Green Bond returns. The quantile regression estimations of Machado–Santos Silva also show that these findings are valid in different quantiles. The paper also discusses policy implications related to climate change and the development of financial instruments to promote green investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the resolution, submitted by the North American Assembly of State Arts Agencies, regarding arts and education in the U.S. The resolution aims to create a better learning environment for students and to support the teachers working toward better educational quality in American schools. The North American Assembly believes that arts are fundamental in American public education to encourage an open society and that they give way to the acceptance of cultural democracy. In addition, the committee considers an open teaching method in schools as a way to nurture students' capacities.

Inflation expectations of firms affect their micro-decision-making behaviors and therefore impact the macro-economy. Thus, a deep understanding of how firms form inflation expectations benefits the achievement of central bank's policy objectives on macro-economic sustainability and development. In this paper, we focus on the inflation expectations of firms from surveys. Specifically, the Naïve Expectation, Adaptive Expectation, Rational Expectation, VAR, and Heterogeneous Static Expectation formation models are adopted to test the models being used by firms to form inflation expectations. Empirically, this paper reveals the heterogeneity between the formation mechanisms of households and firms. Then, empirical results reject the rational expectation hypothesis of firms' inflation expectations, which means that they are not perfectly rational. Finally, we find that the inflation perception is a non-negligible factor in forming firms' inflation expectations. Therefore, central banks' monetary policies that aiming to formulate firms' inflation perceptions can be a useful tool in regulating their inflation expectations, which are expected to benefit the stability of the macro-economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rediscovered Map Collection of the John Hay Library offers vivid examples of mapmaking and map use in the United States from 1800 to 1920. This collection testifies to the changing technology and diversifying demands that made maps more available throughout this epoch. Libraries often have hidden treasures of this material, uncataloged and unknown to the community. With some organization and commitment, Americana paper maps can be arranged into a vibrant collection. We break down this epoch into 30-year periods to analyze the tremendous changes that occurred and how they impact libraries today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the steady increase in co-authored papers in economics journals, this paper reports a study of the patterns of co-authorship between US universities and colleges. A majority of institutions produce more co-authored than single-authored papers. Contacts with researchers from the same institution are still an important source of co-authored papers, even though slightly decreasing in frequency. The determinants of co-authorship outside the own institution are tested in a gravity model and it is found that distance and other geographical variables do not matter. However, the quality of co-authors' institutions, measured by rankings of institutions, has a significant impact on the number of co-authored papers in top economics journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses three books on Martin Luther King's views on plagiarism, preaching and prophecy. The books are "The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.," vol.2, "Rediscovering Precious Values, July 1951-November 1955," edited by Clayborne Carson, "The Preacher King: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Word That Moved America," by Richard Lischer, and "Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Now You See it Now You Don't," by Robert C. Smith. The most significant consequence of Black Power politically was the way it bolstered a hostile conservative white coalition. The problems of crime, education, employment, health and housing that disproportionately affect African Americans do so largely because of racism. However, a separatist rhetoric and movement will not secure the redistribution of power and resources needed to alleviate this situation. This requires a King-like appeal to universalist values alongside mass action. It is perhaps because Smith recognizes that Wilson's stance is politically the best available that he offers no alternate vision. However, when the young King couched his prospectus for racial progress in realistic terms in early 1955, he did not mention non-violent direct action.

The article introduces the theme of the issue and covers topics such as the Religious Education Association (REA) annual meeting, discussion on white normativity, and overcoming white normativity in religious education.

In 1917, after the United States joined the war in Europe and was no longer politically neutral, on the American front, the German ethnic press became a target for censors and critics. The general assumption was that German language papers bred disloyalty among German immigrant communities and posed a threat to the United States' war efforts. This study explores the editorial and political views of the German-language press during the summer of 1917 by assessing the tone of a sample of German language mainstream newspapers during July 1, 1917 through September 30, 1917. The findings show that the overall coverage was less loyal to Imperial Germany than had been argued by U.S. officials and censors. In an effort to assimilate, German immigrant newspapers widely published the U.S. government's official position, showed support for the American war effort, and focused on cultural affairs of the immigrant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's latest defence white paper, published on 31 March, once again demonstrated that although the People's Liberation Army (PLA) may be becoming marginally more transparent, it is still circumspect when it comes to revealing details about its military development. Over the last decade, the international media and other governments – notably the United States in the Pentagon's annual report to Congress on the military and security developments in China-have made much of the PLA's development of new capabilities that will allow it to project its power more effectively over greater distances. Among these new capabilities, developments in ballistic and cruise missiles, submarines, space and cyber warfare have been key, though the PLA's development of an aircraft carrier and combat aircraft with stealth characteristics have attracted international attention. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Between 1862 and 1878, the view of the United States government towards the nation's money was transformed. Early in the Civil War, the government got into the bank note printing business out of necessity, printing and issuing the first-ever federal currency. Over the following years, debates raged whether the national currency should be printed privately or by the government's bank note printer, the United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP). Matters came to a head in 1878 when Congress debated the future of the BEP. That year, in a radical departure from the past, Congress gave the Bureau of Engraving and Printing a monopoly on the production of currency, forever changing the role of the government in the nation's economy. Money, be it in the form of coin or currency, was now the exclusive province of the government – not private banks or bank note companies. This change was the result of a rare consensus between Democrats and Republicans and between the forces of the antimonopoly tradition, Greenbackism, and hard money. For various reasons, they were unanimous in believing that the government, especially Congress, should be in control of those matters affecting the monetary affairs of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of research productivity has a long history in psychology. Journals across psychology have periodically published research-productivity studies. An analysis of institutional research productivity was conducted for 17 journals published by the American Psychological Association for the years 1986–2008. This analysis implemented two methodologies: one a replication and extension of G. S. Howard, D. A. Cole, and S. E. Maxwell's (1987) method, the other a new method designed to give credit to psychology departments rather than only overall institutions. A system of proportional credit assured all articles with multiple institutions received credit. Results show that for the 23-year period, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was ranked 1st, followed by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Overall, results showed both consistency and change across all journals examined. The authors explore the implications of these findings in the context of the current academic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including impact of investment in human capital on economic growth; human capital in U.S.; and income inequality.

The article reflects on the visa policy of the United States. It cites the Internal Security Act of 1950 and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and their effects in the country's foreign policy and home security. It also cites the factors that underlies the provisions of the visa policy such as the fear of foreigners, hatred of the educated, the uncomfortable position of the consuls between Congress and the applicant, and the lack of provisions for effective administration.

Labelled 'the shadow pandemic' by UN Women, violence against women received considerable global public attention during 2020–21. Underpinning this moment of public concern, there lies a substantial history of efforts to document the nature of, and campaign against, the extent of violence against women globally. This is also the case in relation to femicide. Whilst we recognise that this is a contested term, for the purposes of this paper we use femicide to refer to the killing of women and girls because they are female by male violence. Femicide, as a death to be specifically counted in law only exists in a small number of jurisdictions. Where it is so recognised, primarily in South American countries as feminicidio, such deaths represent only the tip of the iceberg of such killings globally. This paper, in drawing on empirical data from a range of different sources (including administrative data, media analysis, and Femicide Observatory data) gathered throughout 2020, considers: what it means to call a death femicide, what implications might follow if all the deaths of women at the hands of men were counted as femicide, and the extent to which extraordinary times have any bearing on this kind of ordinary death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy classifies and shapes people/subjects in particular kinds of ways. Focusing on the context of Health and Physical Education (HPE), this paper analyses policy documents from Australia, the United States of America (USA) and Wales. We pay particular attention to how learners are represented within and across the three policy documents, and we apply Bacchi's 'What's the Problem Represented to be?' approach to guide the analysis. For us, problematization is a fruitful and positive process that enables educators to engage with a critical dialogue regarding the policies they are expected to enact. Our analysis highlighted that common across the policies were overlapping discourses of idealism, neoliberalism, healthism, and individualism, which serve to reinforce deficit language and a focus on what learners 'lack'. The problem of 'learner as lacking' is represented within the policies via at least three subject positions: 'the sedentary learner', 'the un-educated learner' and 'the naïve learner'. The findings suggest that the three policies were producing an ideal and perhaps impossible learner (subject) whilst at the same time representing the learner as a problem that the policy could 'fix'. This paper is important because it: (i) demonstrates how certain discourses and voices are amplified and silenced within curriculum policy documents and policy work more broadly; (ii) makes educational and health politics visible; and (iii) creates space for the profession to develop greater critical consciousness related to policy. In terms of future directions, we urge curriculum policy writers and other stakeholders to carefully consider how learners are categorised, represented and governed in and through policy. If curriculum policies, by their very nature, need to produce problems – in this case, the (im)possible subject - we invite educators to engage in critical conversations regarding the policies they are expected to enact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]