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The tea pest, Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre 1893 (Chrysomelidae), belongs to the subfamily Eumolpinae. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of B. melanopus from southern China was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technique, assembled, and annotated using bioinformatics tools. The complete mitochondrial genome was 15,905 bp in length. The overall GC content was 22.51%, in which the percentages for the bases A, T, C, and G were 41.23%, 36.26%, 8.92%, and 13.59%, respectively. Thirty-seven genes were predicted, including 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 18 Chrysomelidae taxa revealed that B. melanopus was closely related to Basilepta fulvipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple importations of Lilioceris cheni, a defoliating beetle of the invasive air potato plant, were received by the ARS-Invasive Plant Research Laboratory from 2002 to 2012. The last two, in 2011 (China) and 2012 (Nepal), formed the basis of two colonies from which releases were made into six Southeastern U.S. States. Colony populations were examined using the mitochondrial COI sequence. Phylogenetics, evolutionary divergence, a haplotype network, population statistics, and migration models were generated for the two colonies, countries of origin, and the inferred populations (clades). Phylogenetics eliminated the possibility of cryptic speciation and alleviated the need for host-range testing of the 2012 Nepalese samples. Evolutionary divergence showed the Chinese colony was 1.65X as divergent as the Nepalese, but one Nepalese clade was the most distinctly different of all clades. AMOVA showed most (>70%) genetic variation resided within rather than between colonies. In contrast, AMOVAs showed high levels (>61.5%) of genetic variation between underlying clades with proportionally less variation within. The haplotype network showed broad agreement with the phylogeny. Clade C, from China, displayed the largest number of haplotypes and the largest mutation-scaled effective population size in MIGRATE software. The best MIGRATE models indicated that migration and descent followed the order of phylogenetic descent. The results suggest that the genetic diversity being offered to the adventive range by these very divergent colonies (and clades) is large and should support great ecological flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermestid beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichiformia: Dermestidae) are important pests of various storage products and pose a potential threat to international trade. In this study, the whole mitogenome of Anthrenus museorum was first sequenced and annotated and was found to have the same gene order observed in known dermestid beetles. It comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and a control region. The typical ATN start codon was observed in all PCGs, except for ND3 (TTG), and all 13 PCGs showed three types of stop codons (TAA, TAG, and T-). Phylogenetic analysis based on the PCGs indicated that the relationships within Bostrichiformia were reconstructed, with the exception of one early emerging species of Bostrichidae that actually makes the group polyphyletic, as (Dermestidae + (Bostrichidae + Anobiidae)). Moreover, it revealed a close relationship between A. museorum and A. verbasci using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beetle Triplax ainonia Lewis, 1877 is a serious pest of cultivated the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of this species was reported for the first time in this study. The mitogenome was 17,555 bp in length and had a base composition of 39.4% A, 36.1% T, 8.7% G and 15.3% C, which indicated that the base composition was AT-biased. Similar to other species of Coleoptera, the mitogenome of T. ainonia contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA unit genes, and a large noncoding region. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenomes suggested that the family Erotylidae was a monophyletic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lycocerus varipubens species-group is defined to accommodate three previously described species and a new species from the Himalayan area, including L. varipubens, L. semiextensus, L. purpurascens comb. nov. & stat. reinst. and L. zayuensis sp. nov. L. purpurascens, originally described in Cantharis and first combined in Lycocerus here, is reinstated as a valid specific name to replace L. rubrispinis syn. nov., which is a replacement name for Cantharis rubripennis. Meanwhile, L. rubrispinis becomes a junior synonym of L. purpurascens. L. varipubens species-group could be distinguished from all other groups by the combination of following characters, the filiform antennae, pronotum wider than long, reddish-brown elytra with weakly or moderately developed longitudinal costae, all pro- and meso-outer claws each with a digtiform tooth in both sexes, and spermatheca with three spiral tubes. The species descriptions are provided with habitus photos, aedeagi, abdominal sternites VIII and reproductive systems of female. L. purpurascens and L. varipubens are recorded to China for the first time. In addition, a morphological phylogenetic analysis shows that the L. varipubens group is sister to L. purpureus group. A distribution map and a key to the species of this species-group are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wallacea dactyliferae Maulik 1919 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has been reported as a new invasive palm pest in Asia recently. So far, a total of 29 species have been reported in Wallacea. In the present study, the whole mitochondrial genome of W. dactyliferae was identified for the first time (also for the first species of Wallacea) by using high throughput sequencing systems. The entire genome is 16,243 bp in length (ACCN: OK513040) consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that insects from the same subfamily were clustered together, with W. dactyliferae being clustered together with other Cassidinae species. This study can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for Chrysomelidae family of the Coleoptera order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Mastax Fischer von Waldheim 1827 belongs to the family Carabidae. Specimens of adult Mastax latefasciata Liebke, 1931 were collected from Yājì Hill, Huáihuà City, Húnán Province, China. The complete mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession number ON674050.1) of M. latefasciata was sequenced, annotated, and characterized. The results showed that it was a circular DNA molecule of 16,735 bp with 81.07% AT content and comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The PCGs were initiated using typical ATN (Met) and TTG (Met) start codons and terminated using typical TAN stop codons. The phylogenetic position of Mastax within the Carabidae was first evaluated using complete mitogenomes, and the results showed that it was close to Cicindela anchoralis and Manticora tibialis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The little-known genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic, 1917 belongs to the subfamily Lamiinae of the family Cerambycidae. Adult Pseudoechthistatus hei Xie and W. Wang, 2019 specimens were collected from Bāijì Hill, Xīntángfáng Village, Wéixī County, Yúnnán Province, China. The complete mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession number: ON641973.1) of P. hei was sequenced, annotated, and characterized; it is a circular DNA molecule of 16,103 bp with a 75.71% AT content, and it comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The PCGs initiated with the typical ATN (Met) start codons, and were terminated by typical TAN stop codons. The Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree was first constructed using JTT + F + I + G4 model for P. hei, which showed that P. hei was closely related to Monochamus alternatus alternatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima Gestro, is an invasive and economically important pest of palm trees in China. Beauveria bassiana has been used widely to control agriculture and forestry pests, for example, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker, Pantana phyllostachysae Chao, and Basilepta melanopus Lefevre. Until now, there is no published data on the use of B. bassiana against B. longissima. In this study, we identified highly pathogenic B. bassiana strains against different developmental stages of B. longissima under laboratory conditions. The BB-01 strain presented the highest virulence against B. longissima. After inoculating with the BB-01 strain at (1.0 ± 0.5) × 107 spores·mL−1for 10 d (28 ± 1°C with 95 ± 1% relative humidity), the corrected mortality of B. longissima adults reached 94.7% with a LT50 of 5.3 days. Mortality on other developmental stages was 84.4 ± 3.3% (LT50 = 5.8 d) for 1st-2nd instars, 76.1 ± 1.2% (LT50 = 6.71 d) for 3rd-4th instars, 73.7 ± 1.1% (LT50 = 6.98 d) for ≥5 instars, respectively. BB-01 median lethal concentrations (LC50) against 1st-2nd instar, 3rd-4th instar, ≥5 instar larvae and adults for 6 d were 9.0 × 106, 3.5 × 107, 4.8 × 107, 9.1 × 105 spores·mL−1, respectively. The BB-01 strain exhibited a lethal effect peak on B. longissima at 6–7 d after treatment. This study provides basic data about the pathogenicity of different B. bassiana strains on B. longissima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clonostachys rosea is an ascomycetous fungal species commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions as soil saprotroph, plant decomposer, and endophyte. This fungus is also well-known as a mycoparasite, exhibiting strong biological control ability against numerous fungal plant pathogens, nematode and insect parasite. In this study, we isolated for the first time C. rosea as entomopathogen of the Coleoptera species Ophrida xanthospilota (Chrysomelidae) in China. This finding increases our knowledge of the ecology and distribution of C. rosea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloeuzercon seemani Sun, Jin & Yi gen. & sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Celaenopsoidea: Euzerconidae) associated with passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) is described, representing the first record of the family Euzerconidae from China. The new genus bears a close resemblance to the genera Euzerconoides and Paraeuzercon, prompting us to update the key to genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorophanus auripes Faust, 1897 is a large size weevil dwell in biotopes on Salix spp. or Populus spp., which can be found common in Northern China. The complete mitogenome of C. auripes was reported in the present study. The mitogenome contains 18,149 base pairs. The composition of mitogenome is 39.4% for A, 10.1% for G, 36.0% for T and 14.5% for C. A set of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region, were annotated. There is a 1037 bps gap between Ile tRNA gene and Gln tRNA gene. The phylogenetic result supports the monophyly of Curculionidae, revealed that C. auripes was a sister group to the Pachyrhinus yasumatsui, which also belongs to the subfamily Entiminae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mylabris mongolica Dokhtouroff, 1887 is a traditional medicine material and an important predator in China. The mitochondrial genome of M. mongolica is presented for the first time in this study. The mitogenome is 15,034 bp in length and comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and partial control region. The nucleotide composition of M. mongolica was 36.7% of A, 18.1% of C, 11.1% of G, and 34.1% of T. The phylogenetic results divide all Meloidae species into two clades. The genus Mylabris was retrieved as a paraphyletic group, with Mylabris having a closer relationship with Hycleus than other genera within Meloidae. This study provides useful genetic data for future studies on the phylogeny and evolution of Meloidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rove beetles of the Staphylinine group of subfamilies represent the most species-rich clade of Staphylinidae, which in turn is the most speciose beetle family. While several relationships within the Staphylinine group are well supported by morphological and molecular data alike, the basal relationships within the clade remain unresolved. In particular, understanding the largest radiation on the beetle tree of life is complicated by the absence of early-diverging transitional fossils. Here we describe a new genus and species of the Staphylinine group of subfamilies from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in eastern China (c. 125 Ma). Paroxyporus fossilis Cai gen. et sp. nov. shares a number of characters with the monogeneric subfamily Oxyporinae, namely its prognathous head with prominent apically curved mandibles, contiguous procoxae, moderately separated mesocoxae and abdominal intersegmental membranes with a 'brick-wall' pattern. It, however, shares oval procoxae and 'U'-shaped abdominal impressions with the monogeneric subfamily Megalopsidiinae. A parsimony analysis of 211 morphological characters recovered Paroxyporus gen. nov. as sister to the whole Staphylinine group except Oxyporinae, linking Oxyporinae and other clades of the Staphylinine group, and it seems to be a stem member of the Staphylinine group. As such, Paroxyporus gen. nov. may represent an early-diverging isolated lineage within the Staphylinine group, a lineage that has been recognized on the basis of morphological data but challenged by some recent molecular studies, or alternatively a stem member of the Staphylinine group. Together with described fossil members of the subfamily Oxyporinae, Paederine and Staphylinine from the Yixian Formation, Paroxyporus fossilis gen. et sp. nov. is one of the earliest representatives of the Staphylinine group in the fossil record, providing an important calibration point for understanding the timing of the early diversification of rove beetles in the Mesozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen species of Pectocera Hope, 1842 are recognised from China, of which two are new, i.e. Pectocera attenuator Liu and Jiang sp. nov. and Pectocera truncata Liu and Jiang sp. nov., and one is newly recorded, i.e. Pectocera hige Kishii, 1993. A key to the known species, a checklist, and a distribution map of Chinese Pectocera species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holotrichia parallela (Motschulsky, 1854) is an important pest for peanut, potato, and soybean in China, and it causes great economic losses. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of H. parallela. This mitogenome was 16,975 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Gene order was conserved and identical to most other previously sequenced Scarabaeidae. Most PCGs of H. parallela have the conventional start codons ATN, with the exception of cox1 (AAC). Except for three genes (cox1, cox2, and cox3) end with the incomplete stop codon T−, all other PCGs terminated with the stop codon TAA or TAG. Phylogenetic analysis positioned H. parallela in a well-supported clade with Rhopaea magnicornis, Polyphylla gracilicornis, and Melolontha hippocastani. The relationships (Dynastinae+(Cetoniinae+(Melolonthinae+(Rutelinae + Scarabaeinae)))) were supported in Scarabaeidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of the Neoserica (sensu stricto) group are described from China: Neoserica (s. str.) hongheana sp. nov. (Yunnan Prov.) and Neoserica (s. str.) pachecoae sp. nov. (Guangdong Prov.). The habitus and the male genitalia are illustrated. Additionally, I provide a distribution map and an updated key to the species of the Neoserica (sensu stricto) group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Motschulsky) is a host-specific root-feeding pest of the tree-of-heaven tree, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, in China. The trunk trap net (TTN) with a wire ring and a TTN with a moist sponge cushion have captured a large number of these weevils. The dispersal ability of weevils may undermine eradication efforts for this pest. Tree-of-heaven is an invasive plant in the United States. Studies have shown that the closely related species E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, are potential biological control agents for A. altissima in the United States. In this study, we evaluated the dispersal ability of E. scrobiculatus in the field and laboratory to further investigate its use as a biological control agent. We released 1,800 E. scrobiculatus in each of two plots using a mark-release-recapture method and captured 12.5% (n = 225) of the weevils in the plot with an attractant and 10.9% (n = 197) of the weevils in the plot without an attractant. The results show that the dispersal distance equation of E. scrobiculatus throughout the time is y = 44.5844 + 0.8252x–0.0074x² + C + D. The maximum dispersal distance in the field was 67.5 m after 60 days and the mean dispersal distance was 1.14 m day−1. We determined that wounded A. altissima increased the dispersal of E. scrobiculatus, especially for males. The dispersal rate of E. scrobiculatus increased with wind speeds of 1.8–3.1 m s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Here we describe a new species of the Neoserica vulpes species group: Neoserica christophi sp. nov. The key to species of the Neoserica vulpes species group is updated and illustrations of genitalia and habitus of the new species are given. In addition, we provide a correction of the original figure of parameres of the holotype and the description of the female of Neoserica (sensu lato) ailaoshanica Liu, Fabrizi, Bai, Yang and Ahrens, 2014 (Neoserica calva species group) which was mistakenly edited in the original publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report the earliest known fossil belid, Sinoeuglypheus daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov., from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of north-eastern China. Extant belids are specialist herbivores feeding on gymnosperms or angiosperms, but it is likely that this new belid fed on coexisting conifers or other gymnosperms. Extant members of Belidae are predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, this new find in the north-eastern China deposit is significant for understanding the early stages of the radiation of this group during the mid-Mesozoic, and the early evolution of Curculionoidea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheilomenes sexmaculata is a common natural enemy for aphid and psyllid in agricultural systems in South China. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of C. sexmaculata. This mitogenome was 17,297 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs). Gene order was conserved and identical to most other previously sequenced Coccinellidae. All PCGs of C. sexmaculata have the conventional start codon for invertebrate mitochondrial PCGs (ATN), with the exception of cox1 (AAT) and nad3 (TTG). Except for seven genes (cox1, cox2, cox3, nad3, nad5, nad4 and nad6) end with the incomplete stop codon T−, all other PCGs terminated with the stop codon TAA or TAG. The whole mitogenome exhibited heavy AT nucleotide bias (78.0%). Phylogenetic analysis positioned C. sexmaculata in a well-supported clade with Aiolocaria hexaspilota. The relationships (Sticholotidinae + (Coccinellinae + (Scymninae + Epilachninae))) were supported in Coccinellidae, and Halyziini was paraphyletic to Coccinellini within Coccinellinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky, 1858) is a major pest of potato, maize, cotton and sorghum in China. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of M. hieroglyphica. This mitogenome was 15,761 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs). Gene order was conserved and identical to most other previously sequenced Galerucinae Most PCGs of M. hieroglyphica have the conventional start codons ATN (six ATT, five ATG and one ATC), with the exception of nad1 (TTG). Except for three genes (cox1, nad4 and nad5) end with the incomplete stop codon T––, all other PCGs terminated with the stop codon TAA or TAG. The whole mitogenome exhibited heavy AT nucleotide bias (80.0%). Phylogenetic analysis positioned M. hieroglyphica in a well-supported clade within the subfamily Galerucinae with Monolepta occifluvis, Monolepta sp. and Paleosepharia posticata. These results provided an important basis for further studies on mitochondrial genome and phylogenetics of Galerucinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrotrupes chinensis Nilsson, 2003 described from the holotype collected in Anhui Province, China, is newly recorded from three localities in Guangdong Province, ca. 750 km southwest from the type locality. The species seems to inhabit hygropetric habitats exclusively, with diurnal larvae and nocturnal adults hidden under stones or in cracks in rock during the day; when disturbed, the adults readily jumped off the rock surface. The adult is redescribed. The larvae are described and illustrated for the first time, with detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. Whereas similar morphologically to the Nearctic endemic Hydrotrupes palpalis Sharp, 1882, the first instar larva of H. chinensis distinguishes by presence of six lamellae clypeales, two additional spine-like setae both on the last abdominal segment and urogomphomere 1, and the strongly developed egg bursters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campsosternus auratus (Drury, 1773) is a large, beautiful click beetle found in Southern China. The complete mitogenome of C. auratus was reported in this study. The mitogenome contains 15,943 base pairs. The composition of mitogenome is 39.6% for A, 9.9% for G, 32.8% for T, and 17.7% for C. A set of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region, were annotated. The phylogenetic result supports the monophyly of Elateridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colasposoma dauricum Mannerheim, 1849, is an important insect pest distributed in most areas of China. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. dauricum was sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic relationships between C. dauricum and other 10 species in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea were reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) methods based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences, the phylogenetic analysis showed that C. dauricum is closely related to Basilepta fulvipes in the same subfamily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examined newly collected specimens of theNeosericaBrenske, 1894 (sensu stricto) species group housed in Chinese collections. Four new species are described from China:Neoserica(s. str.)mengsongensisLiu & Ahrens, sp. nov. (Yunnan Prov.),Neoserica(s. str.)pseudosanganganaLiu & Ahrens, sp. nov. (Guizhou Prov.),Neoserica(s. str.)taibaiensisLiu & Ahrens, sp. nov. (Shaanxi Prov.) andNeoserica(s. str.)yongkangensisLiu & Ahrens, sp. nov. (Zhejiang Prov.). Habitus and the male genitalia are illustrated. Additionally, we provide new distribution records, an updated distribution map and an updated key to the species of theNeoserica(sensu stricto) group. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A3C6B300-EAC3-445E-8B14-E1DBB7BBFB7F [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudorhaetus sinicus is a stag beetle common to China and Vietnam, but whose distribution is limited within China. Little is known about the molecular biological characteristics of this species, so we characterized its complete mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession number MZ504793.1). The mitogenome consists of a circular DNA molecule of 18,126 bp, with 67.693% AT content. It contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The PCGs have typical ATN (Met) start codons and TAN stop codons. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that P. sinicus is closely related to Prosopocoilus confucius. This newly described mitochondrial genome provides a valuable resource for the phylogenetic analysis of Lucanidae beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the genusAmphiopsoccurring in China is provided. A new species,Amphiops coelopunctatussp. nov., is described from Hainan, China. Based on a study of the type material,AmphiopsyunnanensisPu, 1963, is proposed as a junior synonym ofAmphiopsmirabilisSharp, 1890.Amphiops pedestrisSharp, 1890 andAmphiopsannamitaRégimbart, 1903 are confirmed as synonyms ofAmphiopsmaterSharp, 1873.Amphiops coomanid’Orchymont, 1926 is reported from China for the first time.Amphiops globusErichson, 1843, previously reported from Macau, is found to be a misidentification. An identification key to Chinese species of the genus is provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47C95EED-8B09-4BE0-A335-7E8B7CB23FE7 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weevil fauna of the Yixian Formation, north-eastern China, is described and compared with other deposits of similar age and older. The fauna contains fossil groups that appear to be basal curculionoids, representing a mixture of taxa belonging to extant lineages and possibly extinct stem-groups. It contrasts particularly with Mesozoic curculionoids described from the Karatau site in southern Kazakhstan and El Montsec, Spain, the Yixian being quite different from the former due to its younger age. Although diagnoses are provided and characters are discussed, much of the taxonomy is considered tentative pending a full cladistic analysis and outline of diagnostic, synapomorphic characters. Most prior accounts have suffered from a reliance on the literature, which is grossly erroneous in many cases, rather than direct examination of fossil type material, and this has led to biased interpretations. Taxonomic changes made are:LeptocarLiu & Ren, 2007 is considered to be a junior synonym ofCretonanophyesZherikhin, 1977;Cretonanophyes punctatusLiu & Ren, 2007, andCretonanophyes zherikhiniLiu & Ren, 2006 are resurrected as combinations;Leptocar polychaetusLiu & Ren, 2007 is regarded as a junior synonym ofC. zherikhiniLiu & Ren, 2006;Cretonanophyes rugosithoraxGratshev & Zherikhin, 2000a is resurrected as a combination;Montsecanomalus(Rugosocar) Legalov, 2009a is considered a junior synonym ofCretonanophyesZherikhin, 1977;ChinabrenthorrhinusLegalov, 2009a is a junior synonym ofChinocimberisLegalov, 2009b; andChinocimberis longidigitus(Ren, 1995) is a new combination.Abrocar concavussp. nov. andA. relicinussp. nov. are described. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ED652610-3AF7-41BA-847F-CCC839C798EA [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The new genusAbrohadeocoleodesgen. nov. with four new species,A.eurycladussp. nov.,A. ooideussp. nov.,A. niisp. nov. andA. patefactussp. nov., and a new species,Menopraesagus oryziformissp. nov., assigned to the extinct family Schizophoridae (Archostemata) are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Nearly 20 extinct schizophorid genera have been discovered throughout the world. These fossil records are of some significance in piecing together the evolution of the suborders Adephaga and Archostemata. Members of the new genusAbrohadeocoleodesappear to have a prognathous head with fairly large mandibles, a narrow linear space between the antennal fossa, large metatrochanter, and long and thin legs, as in some terrestrial Adephaga. They might have been able to run fast and hunt small prey over the open ground of lakeshores similarly to the earliest adephagan beetles. Furthermore,Abrohadeocoleodesexhibits a mixture of characters of both Archostemata and Adephaga, suggesting that it may share synapomorphies with Mesozoic adephagan beetles. In addition, the length ratio of the last to the penultimate abdominal ventrites in Schizophoridae shows an increasing trend from the Early Triassic to the Late Jurassic, suggesting that the species with a lower length ratio might have lived in more ancient times. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBC0CDA1-C076-471B-A40C-81F1A9A40B03 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new cantharid species are described:Lycocerus parameratussp. nov. (China: Guangdong, Hunan);L. nigroapicissp. nov. (China: Guangxi);L. bifurcatussp. nov. (China: Guangdong); andL. nigrigenussp. nov. (China: Zhejiang, Fujian), which are provided with photos of habitus of males and illustrations of aedeagi and abdominal sternites VIII of females. The new species are related toL. kuatunensis(Wittmer, 1995), which is provided with a supplementary description and illustration of abdominal sternite VIII of the female. A key to the aforementioned five species is given. The type localities of the new speciesLycocerus parameratussp. nov.,L. nigroapicissp. nov.,L. bifurcatussp. nov. andL. nigrigenussp. nov. and the broadened distribution ofL. kuatunensisare mapped.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:234EFDD7-6EDF-4FEC-9FDC-3A4D106E6C6A [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The genus Scymnomorphus Weise from China is reviewed and five new species, Scymnomorphus isolateralis sp. nov., Scymnomorphus magnopunctatus sp. nov., Scymnomorphus cuspidatus sp. nov., Scymnomorphus xiaomengyangus sp. nov. and Scymnomorphus yadongensis sp. nov. are described. A distribution map and a key to the Chinese species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper studies the taxonomy of the genus Aetheomorpha Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini) occurring in China. Five new species are described: Aetheomorpha bidentata sp. nov. from Sichuan, Aetheomorpha bilobata sp. nov., Aetheomorpha obtusapicata sp. nov., Aetheomorpha punctistriata sp. nov. and Aetheomorpha wangi sp. nov. from Yunnan. Aetheomorpha furcata Medvedev and Kantner, 2002 is reported from China for the first time. The Chinese fauna of the genus is therefore increased to 16 species. A key to species is provided in the text in addition to colour plates and line drawings of habitus, maxilla, labium, male genitalia and female spermatheca and rectal sclerites, which are very helpful for species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first part of a series dealing with the taxonomy of the genus Sathytes Westwood from China. Fifteen Chinese species are recognized and all described here as new: Sathytes cristatus sp.nov., Sathytes excertus sp.nov., Sathytes perpusillus sp.nov., Sathytes rarus sp.nov., Sathytes tangliangi sp.nov., Sathytes tibialis sp.nov., Sathytes usitatus sp.nov. and Sathytes yunanicus sp.nov. from Yunnan; Sathytes larinus sp.nov. and Sathytes wuyishanus sp.nov. from Fujian; Sathytes longitrabis sp.nov. from Shaanxi; Sathytes longwangshanus sp.nov. and Sathytes paulus sp.nov. from Zhejiang; Sathytes magnus sp.nov. from Xizang; and Sathytes sichuanicus sp.nov. from Sichuan. Illustrations of major diagnostic characters of the new species are given. A total of 33 species worldwide are placed into seven newly defined groups. A checklist of Sathytes is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Oxyporus yixianus Solodovnikov & Yue sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous fossil rove beetle species, is described from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. It is clearly placed in Oxyporus Fabricius, 1775, the extant and only genus of the subfamily Oxyporinae. In addition to the hitherto-known, much younger fossils of Oxyporinae, the significantly older age of this newly discovered species makes the currently accepted phylogenetic hypothesis that Oxyporinae is a basal lineage of the Staphylininae group more plausible. The remarkably modern and specialization-rich morphology of Oxyporus yixianus leads to the assumption that this species exemplifies a rather derived stage of divergence of Oxyporinae from the stem of the Staphylininae group. Divergence of Oxyporinae from the rest of the Staphylininae group lineage may have begun significantly earlier than the Early Cretaceous, and the fungus-associated biology of Oxyporinae is also apparently older than documented by Oxyporus yixianus. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Chinese species of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer, 1915 are reviewed. Five new species are described: Thoracostrongylus acerosus sp. nov. from Sichuan and Hubei, Th. aduncatus sp. nov. from Yunnan, Th. baoxingensis sp. nov. from Sichuan, Th. diaoluoensis sp. nov. from Hainan and Th. fujianensis sp. nov. from Fujian. Thoracostrongylus birmanus (Fauvel, 1895) is recorded from China for the first time. Male genitalia and other critical characters are illustrated not only for the new species but also for the remaining Chinese species, namely Th. formosanus Shibata, 1982, Th. malaisei Scheerpeltz, 1965, Th. miyakei Bernhauer, 1943 and Th. velutinus Scheerpeltz, 1965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Chinese species of the genus Belonuchus Nordmann, 1837 are revised. Four new species are described and illustrated: B. admirabilis sp. nov. from China (Beijing), B. applanatus sp. nov. from China (Yunnan), B. coomani sp. nov. from China (Yunnan and Guangxi) and Vietnam (Hoa-Binh) and B. obvelatus sp. nov. from Indonesia (Sumatra and Java). Belonuchus grandiceps (Kraatz, 1859) and B. imitator Cameron, 1932 are reported from China for the first time. Five existing Chinese species are re-described and illustrated: B. grandiceps, B. imitator, B. puncticulus, B. punctifrons and B. rufoniger. Belonuchus gardneri Cameron, 1932 is placed in synonymy with B. rufoniger Fauvel, 1895. Consequently, eight species of the genus Belonuchus are now known from China. An identification key to the Chinese species of the genus Belonuchus is provided and their geographical distribution is mapped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The genus Cyrebion Fairmaire, 1891, which has been neglected for about 120 years, is redescribed. A key to this genus and its related taxa is given. The type species, Cyrebion laticorne Fairmaire, 1891, is redescribed; one species, Cyrebion subrufolineatus (Wittmer, 1995) comb. nov., is transferred from Themus Motschulsky, 1858; and one new species, Cyrebion gracilicornis sp. nov. (China: Gansu, Shaanxi, Hubei), is described. The female abdominal sternite VIII of all species and the aedeagi of the latter two species are illustrated. Habitus photographs are provided for all species. All species of the genus Cyrebion are distributed in China, a map of their distribution is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Mimopodabrus Wittmer is reviewed, and the genus diagnosis is re-described. Three new species are described, M. multidentatus sp. nov. (Guangdong, China), M. variabilis sp. nov. (Yunnan, China) and M. diversefoveolatus sp. nov. (Lao Cai, Vietnam), with illustrations of habitus, antennae and aedeagus. A species is transferred from Micropodabrus to this genus, M. bicoloriceps (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov. A species is synonymized, M. bicoloriceps (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov. = M. bicoloriceps Wittmer, 1997 syn. nov. and the definition of M. yunnanus (Wittmer, 1993) is restricted. A key to all known species of this genus is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-armed scarab Cheirotonus gestroi is an endangered large insect in southwestern China and neighboring countries. Herein, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of C. gestroi. The 16,899 bp long circular genome consists of 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. gestroi shared the closest evolutionary relationship with C. jansoni and that Scarabaeidae and Lucanidae were correctly identified within superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The complete mitogenome sequence will provide a basis for further phylogenetic studies and conservation genetics of the genus Cheirotonus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we determined the nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Chrysochares punctatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae), an important insect pest on Apocynum venetum in Northwestern China. This mitogenome was 14,451 bp long, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 21 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The C. punctatus mitogenome presented an A + T content of 75.11%, with a positive AT-skew (0.064) and a negative GC-skew (−0.192). Ten PCGs started with a typical ATN codon, whereas the remaining three PCGs started with AAC (cox1) and TTG (nad1 and nad2). All tRNAs had a typical secondary cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouridine arm. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs recovered a phylogeny within Chrysomelidae: (((Chrysomelinae + Galerucinae), (((Eumolpinae, Lamprosomatinae), Cassidinae), Criocerinae)), Bruchinae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species and one new genus of fossil cupedids assigned to the family Cupedidae, Priacmopsis subtilis sp. nov. and Furcicupes raucus gen. et sp. nov., are described and illustrated from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China. Priacmopsis subtilis sp. nov. is not only the first Chinese example but also probably the earliest known species of this genus. Compared to this report and other records of fossil Priacmopsis, the age of the Yixian Formation may be older than the Early Aptian about 125 Ma. Morphological peculiarities of Furcicupes gen. nov. indicate that it may be one of the intergradations between the relatively primitive tribe Priacmini and more advanced Cupedini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enigmatic new species of Ilybiosoma Crotch, 1873, belonging to the I. discicollis group sensu Nilsson (2000), is described from Zhangmu on the border between Nepal and Tibet Autonomous Region. It is the first record of the genus for China. Ilybiosoma yeti n.sp. was collected at an altitude of 4000 m and is related to Ilybiosoma kermanensis (Balfour-Browne, 1939) from Kerman, Iran, and to I. discicollis (Ancey, 1882) from the highlands of Ethiopia. From both it can be easily separated by its strongly cordiform pronotum, the extremely flat body, and the form of the median lobe of aedeagus and parameres. A key to the species of the I. discicollis group, a discussion of their phylogenetic relationships, and notes on the possible function of various characters are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis , was first found attacking urban street trees in the United States in 1996 and in Canada in 2003. This tree-killing invasive insect has long been a major pest in China and is difficult to control because immature stages live within wood and long-lived adults are often located high in tree canopies. A microbial control product (Biolisa Kamikiri) consisting of non-woven fiber bands impregnated with cultures of an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria brongniartii , is marketed in Japan for control of a congeneric orchard pest. Replicated field trials were conducted in Anhui, China to compare Biolisa Kamikiri with similarly prepared bands containing Metarhizium anisopliae for control of A. glabripennis . One fungal band was placed at 2–2.5 m height, around the stem or major scaffold branch on each of 40 willow trees ( Salix spp.) per plot, with five plots for each fungal treatment and five control plots. Adult beetles collected from fungal-treated plots 7–22 days after bands were attached to trees died faster than adults from control plots. Beetles exposed to B. brongniartii bands consistently died faster than controls throughout this period, while results from plots with M. anisopliae bands were not as consistent in differing from controls. Numbers of adult beetles from plots of each fungal species dying in 3.5-m high in trees, with adults in B. brongniartii -treated plots higher within trees than adults in other plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristobia reticulator (Fabricius, 1781) is an important coleopteran pest of guava and litchi in India and China. The draft mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of A. reticulator is ca. 15,838 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (MK423971). The nucleotide composition of the mitogenome was significantly A + T-biased (A: 39.3%, T: 39.2%, G: 8.7%, C: 12.8%). All 22 tRNA genes show typical secondary cloverleaf structures. The mitogenome gene content and gene order was as described for a majority of coleopteran species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. reticulator was closely related to Anoplophora chinensis (Forster), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), and Anoplophora lurida (Pascoe, 1857) of the coleopteran tribe Lamiini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius is the most important pest of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.). In this study, we have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). The mitochondrial genome is 17,150 bp length (GenBank no. MK421358) has A + T content of 78.4% (A = 39.3%; T = 39.1%; C = 13.2%, and G = 8.4%), which is the classical structure for insect mitogenome. All PCGs started with ATN except COX2, which started with TTG and all PCGs terminated with conventional stop codons TAA/TAG. The phylogenetic tree confirms that C. formicarius is clustered with other three Brentidae with strongly supported. This study enriches the mitogenomes of the Coleoptera family Brentidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argopistes tsekooni is a leaf-mining pest on Oleaceae plants in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. tsekooni was sequenced and annotated. It had a total length of 16,552 bp, including 13 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a 2020 bp long non-coding AT-rich region. With a total length of 11,140 bp, all 13 PCGs started with ATN, 9 PCGs terminated with TAA, 3 PCGs terminated with TAG, except that COX3 terminated with an incomplete stop codon T. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that A. tsekooni was closely grouped with seven other Galerucinae species, which did not contradict the previous morphological and molecular classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The walnut weevil, Alcidodes juglans Chao (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important agricultural pest and distributed widely in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. juglans is 15,638 bp long, and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 21 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and a putative control region (GenBank accession No. MH819192). The trnI gene has not been observed in the A. juglans mitogenome. The nucleotide composition is significantly biased (A, G, C, and T was 38.35%, 10.02%, 14.96%, and 36.67%, respectively) with A + T contents of 75.02%. All of the 21 tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structure, with an exception for trnS1(AGN). All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for cox1 with AAT instead. Ten PCGs use a common stop codon of TAA or TAG, whereas the remaining three were terminated with a single T. The phylogenetic relationships based on neighbour-joining method showed that A. juglans is closely related to Naupactus xanthographus, which is in accordance with the traditional morphological classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]