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Analyzes three newspapers in Toronto, Ontario as to its treatment of the issue of abortion. Newspapers as the agents of the reconfiguration of power; Differences in the bias of the `Globe and Mail', the `Toronto Sun' and `The Toronto Star'; Reluctance theory.

African-Canadians continue to bear the brunt of marginality and stereotyping in Canada even when various mitigating studies and programs have been initiated by the government at federal, state, and municipal levels. These stereotypes continue to affect them in informal settings and state institutions when seeking employment, housing or when in the streets, malls, schools, etc. While social justice advocates, social workers, and policy-makers focus on "Black-White" dynamics because other "racialized minorities" are also marginalized (though not equally) in Canada, it is important to note that "non-White" Canadians also contribute to the spread of historical stereotypes of African-Canadians within Canadian multiculturalism as noted in the emphasis of the city of Toronto's mitigating strategies for "anti-Black racism." Using social group position theory (SGPT) and asset-based model (ABCD), this paper argues that interrogating social group biases beyond "Black-White" binarism to encourage inter-group dialogs is important in making sure that different multicultural communities understand one another through favorable, activities-mediated, inter-group relations as opposed to having multicultural relations mediated by third parties, or not mediated at all. We also argue that African-Canadians should focus on internal strengths and only use external help to augment community initiatives to change the extant negative image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most building energy codes' performance path implicitly reward buildings that perform well under steady and near-capacity occupancy conditions, even though these are not typical operating conditions. Partially, as a result, our buildings tend not to be designed with features that allow optimal energy performance in the common circumstance of partial and fluctuating occupancy. The objective of this paper is to examine current building energy codes in this regard. The paper uses a simulation-based approach to demonstrate two strategies that target occupancy-adaptability: demand-controlled ventilation and smaller-than-required lighting control zones with occupancy-controlled lighting. In this paper, a code-compliant EnergyPlus archetype office building in Toronto, Canada was used to evaluate these design features under different occupancy conditions. The results confirm that both demand-controlled ventilation and smaller lighting control zones are most advantageous at lower occupancy levels. Accordingly, the paper concludes with generalized recommendations for code modifications to properly credit buildings with greater adaptability to partial occupancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper transposes aspects of the histography of Fernand Braudel to the exploration of planning. It explores the extent to which different time scales, dominated by a longue durée perspective, reveal different facets of the history of planning and of how it operates. Lesser time scales focus on specific events while long perspectives bring to light durable aspects of planning, such as those relating to its embeddedness within fundamental relations between the state and the market economy. The paper contends that planning history and theory are largely shaped by a middle-scale histography, focussed on the succession of periods in the evolution of planning and on how they mark its progression. It proposes to counterbalance this historical perspective with a long-term historical lens highlighting persistent dimensions of planning, many referring to the fundamentals of its political economy. The paper argues that a full understanding of planning requires a consideration of different historical scales. The object of study is Downtown Toronto planning and development since 1945. A medium time scale identifies three distinct phases in Downtown Toronto history over this period, while a long-term perspective reveals how this district evolved with remarkable consistency into an expanded and diversified downtown during these years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2008 financial crisis, federal and provincial governments in Canada has consistently monitored its housing market. However, real estate markets in Canada seem to have significant regional imbalances with moderate evidence of overheating and price exuberance and strong evidence of over-evaluation for several quarters. In this perspective, this paper seeks to test the existence of real estate bubbles in Canada and their contagion. Our methodology, based on monthly data, relies on two steps: First, we build on a GSADF test developed by Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015) to detect bubbles. Second, using a method developed by Greenaway-McGrevy and Phillips (2016), a non-parametric regression with time-varying coefficient, we verify if, in case of bubbles, there is a contagion among Canadian cities. Our results suggest that there are bubbles in the real estate markets of Toronto and Vancouver, while this is not the case for Montreal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from a study of policy implementation of green infrastructure and stormwater management in the City of Toronto – Canada's largest city. The analysis uses key informant interviews with public, private and non-profit sector actors to examine the challenges municipalities face in implementing green infrastructure policies. The article begins with a review of the literature related to green infrastructure policy implementation followed by the theoretical and methodological approach used in the paper. Findings are then presented outlining the significant barriers to green infrastructure and insights from participants who articulated that rather than a shift from grey to green, what is evident in terms of policy change is policy layering and very gradual conversion of well-established policies that support grey infrastructure. The paper concludes with a discussion of why the shift from grey to green will continue to be challenging unless significant policy and institutional changes are advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the library/faculty liaison program at the Gerstein Science Information Centre at the University of Toronto and provides examples to show how it has created an environment where collaboration between librarians and faculty is encouraged and supported. The paper describes three separate initiatives where librarians worked closely with faculty to integrate customized information delivery into newly developed science and health science curricula. Collaboration makes it possible to customize information delivery consistent with student and faculty needs. Collaboration is a key factor in ensuring the value and relevance of library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the last of three papers based on a 20-month study of teaching and learning in a diverse classroom in a downtown community school in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of the research was to describe the details of teaching and learning in a multicultural classroom and to document successful strategies in working with immigrant and minority students. The three papers detail the process by which this focus on classroom life led to a critique of the literature and to a new way to think about multicultural teaching and learning which I call narrative multiculturalism. In this paper, I explore the process of becoming a narrative inquirer in a multicultural landscape and the implications of this way of thinking on developing new kinds of understanding. I relate this experientially oriented work to new ethnographies and other work already finding its way into the field. I explore a narrative multicultural way of thinking in greater depth. I use my own work with a teacher participant to re-imagine multicultural life in schools and classrooms. The study demonstrates the potential contribution of narrative multiculturalism to understanding multicultural life and multicultural teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of three papers based on a 20-month study of teaching and learning in a diverse classroom in a downtown community school in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of the research was to describe the details of teaching and learning in a multicultural classroom and to document successful strategies in working with immigrant and minority students. The three papers detail the process by which this focus on classroom life led to a critique of the literature and to a new way to think about multicultural teaching and learning, which I call 'narrative multiculturalism'. In this paper, I provide a sampling of stories that illustrate what contributed to my changing thinking about multiculturalism. Four short stories focus on a participant teacher in her school, in her classroom and in interaction with her students. The stories illuminate the complexity of multicultural teaching and qualities of narrative multiculturalism. In the analysis of the stories I explore multicultural understandings that developed from the experience of being in the classroom, being in relationship with a teacher participant, and our on-going dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of three papers based on a 20-month study of teaching and learning in a diverse classroom in a downtown community school in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of the study was to examine teaching and learning in a multicultural classroom and to document successful strategies in working with immigrant and minority students. The three papers detail the process by which this focus on classroom life led to a critique of the literature and to a new way to think about multicultural teaching and learning that I call 'narrative multiculturalism'. In this paper, I explore the place of multiculturalism in education and describe several limitations of the traditional ways of examining the issue. I also outline the understanding with which I began the study and describe the nature of my inquiry. I use my autobiographical experiences of multiculturalism and multicultural research to reflect on the literature of multicultural education. The narrative of my relationship with a teacher participant provides a conceptualization of the field and suggests the nature of narrative multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a crowd sensing system (CSS) that captures geospatial social media topics and allows the review of results. Using Web-resources derived from social media platforms, the CSS uses a spatially-situated social network graph to harvest user-generated content from selected organizations and members of the public. This allows 'passively' contributed social media-based opinions, along with different variables, such as time, location, social interaction, service usage, and human activities to be examined and used to identify trending views and influential citizens. The data model and CSS are used for demonstration purposes to identify geotopics and community interests relevant to municipal affairs in the City of Toronto, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of research examining the prejudice and discrimination experienced by Muslim youth in Canada. This article explores the narratives of feeling excluded and misunderstood articulated by 8 Canadian-born Shia Ismaili Muslim youth (aged 14-17). Drawing on a psycho-social theoretical framework, I speculate that youth utilize a "happiness defense": a term that denotes their portrayal of being a "good immigrant" or happy subject who is grateful to Canada for giving them a home. My analysis looks behind the scenery of the happiness defense to examine deeper dynamics such as discomfort, difference, and anxiety as youth seek to find a place of belonging in Canada. Underneath the happiness defense, I speculate about the anxiety of hybridity that is linked to feelings of not belonging. The implications of these findings will be helpful for policy makers, educators, community workers, and adults who work with adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we contend neo-liberal education policy which supports the creation of schooling choices in public education systems is reshaping, conflating and branding ethnicity. We make these points in reference to school choice in Toronto, Canada, and the establishment of an Africentric ethno-centric school. We argue that one of the registers within which education and ethnicity in Toronto operates relates to the conflation of commodification, ethnicity and geography, and that this conflation indicates one of the limits of school choice as a possible way to redress Black student disadvantage. We suggest education policy, which enables the establishment of ethno-centric schools, enters the realm of other debates about race, equity and difference that include the practices of marketing and branding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores police stop and search activities in Canada using data from a 2007 survey of Toronto residents. The paper begins by demonstrating that black respondents are more likely to view racial profiling as a major problem in Canada than whites or Asians. By contrast, white and Asian respondents are more likely to believe that profiling is a useful crime-fighting tool. Further analysis reveals that the black community's concern with racial profiling may be justified. Indeed, black respondents are much more likely to report being stopped and searched by the police over the past two years than respondents from other racial backgrounds. Blacks are also much more likely to report vicarious experiences with racial profiling. Importantly, racial differences in police stop and search experiences remain statistically significant after controlling for other relevant factors. The theoretical implications of these findings – and their meaning within Canada's multicultural framework – are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In October 1997, the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR (JSC) held the International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR in Toronto, Canada, to determine if a changing bibliographic landscape warranted fundamental rethinking of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. This paper follows the thread of those changes as, between 1997 and early 2005, JSC pursued a vigorous schedule towards a third edition of AACR. Cataloguing constituency feedback on a first draft of AACR3 prompted a change in direction to a code with the working title, Resource Description and Access (RDA)-a content standard for multi-formats and communities. doi:10.1300/J104v45n02_02 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Public schools have historically been key sites where children learn of and adopt a common national identity. In states where multiculturalism plays a central role in the articulation of a national identity, schools actively recognize and support the diverse cultures of their students in fulfilling this function. Canada is a state where, via federal policy, multiculturalism has been identified as a fundamental element of the national ethos. Formal education has been a key area in which the government has implemented this policy. However, public education in Canada is also committed to secularism, and this has been a cause for resistance by diverse immigrant groups. This paper examines resistance among traditional Muslim groups to Toronto school policies and practices that reflect an avowedly secular orientation. It focuses on the experiences of one Muslim group in particular, Somali immigrants, and their encounters with school policies and practices that both supported and challenged their identities. In doing so, the paper exposes the schools as sites of countervailing policies and practices within which students must nonetheless forge new and meaningful identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a recent popularization of 'Smart Growth' planning in North American cities. Based upon the aim to decrease the impacts of sprawled regional development on the natural environment, a focus of Smart Growth planning is the intensification of both population and physical development in existing urban areas. Faced with the creation of a new Official Plan for the City of Toronto, municipal planners have chosen urban intensification as the vision for planning in Toronto over the next thirty years. This paper examines the nature of intensification planning in Toronto through an analysis of the language of urban intensification found in the Official Plan vision report. Within this report, emphasis is placed upon the role of intensified development and compact population growth as a solution to the environmental problems of urban sprawl. This paper argues that the environmental aspects of intensification provide a more acceptable public rationale for future intensification processes in Toronto; moreover, that the main rationale for intensification in Toronto is not to solve regional sprawl but to create compact urban districts in order to enhance the economic and physical revitalization of the city. The language of intensification in the Official Plan vision report suggests that urban intensification, particularly in Toronto's downtown core, is a strategy for the development of more 'livable' and vibrant residential and commercial areas. The emphasis on intensified development is geared towards the attraction and maintenance of private investment and skilled labour and is a central part of the City of Toronto's vision of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key housing issue in Toronto is affordability, especially in the rental market. Since the mid-1990s rents in the private sector have increased at almost twice the rate of inflation with the result that it is extremely difficult for new immigrant households with limited resources to acquire adequate housing. In this paper the rental experiences of three recently arrived immigrant groups - Jamaicans, Poles and Somalis - are evaluated using a housing career strategy. The paper focuses on changes through the housing career and between the three groups for a variety of characteristics related to affordability. The results show that the Poles experienced the least affordability problems and the Somalis had the greatest difficulty affording adequate accommodation. Reasons are suggested for these differences and conclusions reached about the importance of adequate and affordable rental housing in the immigrant integration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broad intent of this paper is to further contribute to the existing literature that addresses VFR tourism. It suggests that the return visit may ultimately be positioned as a form or type of travel within the larger category of VFR tourism, but a form or type that has built within it a more clear understanding of historic and social contexts and processes. The other broad intent of the paper is to highlight the importance of the relationship between the returning visitor, originating from diasporic communities abroad, and the host community as a stage for the negotiation of identities. The return visit is shown to reflect such underlying processes yet continue to incorporate aspects of individual motivation, which when taken together demonstrate the fluidity of diasporic spaces and transnational identity structures. Using data obtained from ethnographic fieldwork among social networks within the Commonwealth Eastern Caribbean community in Toronto, Canada, it is suggested that return visits are used to retain social histories and contextualise social and cultural backgrounds after migration. The implications for VFR tourism and the relationship between diasporas, transnationalism and tourism are discussed, as is a conceptual model of the return visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on material from 30 interviews with Toronto-area teenage girls and their grandmothers, the present paper reviews five discourses of adolescence: storm, becoming, at-risk, social problem, and pleasurable consumption. I explore how these discourses are invested, deployed and experienced in relation to each other and as they span academic texts, popular discourses, and interviews. I contend that these discourses make up a powerful discursive framework in which activity undertaken by adolescents can be swept up into these discourses, and consequently dismissed. At the same time, tensions or contradictions within and between these discourses, and within the entire category of adolescence as a stage, can in fact undermine the weight of these discourses as truth statements. I end the paper with some reflections on how each discourse constructs potential for agency, and/or resistance among teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an edited transcript of an invited panel discussion that was presented at the 28th annual meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis in Toronto, Ontario. The speakers in this discussion addressed how behavior managers might contribute to understanding the impact of terrorism on the economy, and business, behavioral drivers in the new business context, and how we might manage our efforts to renew communities, economies, organizations and businesses. Each presenter provided a unique vantage point from which to view current events, considered powerful drivers of behavior change post-September 11, and evaluated how those affect our personal and professional lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates and compares the housing careers of two recent immigrant groups, the Poles and Somalis, in Toronto's rental market. Both groups first arrived in Toronto in the late 1980s but under different circumstances and with different outcomes in the housing market. The study is situated in a general conceptual framework focusing on factors affecting the housing careers of households. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey of 60 respondents from each group who arrived in Canada between 1987 and 1994. Information was collected about the search for three residences: the first permanent residence, the one immediately before the current one and the current residence. The analysis considers the individual and household characteristics that differentiate the Polish and Somali respondents, the characteristics of Toronto's rental market that potentially act as barriers in the search for housing, the housing search process and the outcomes of the search. The latter includes the nature of the dwelling and its surroundings as well as satisfaction with the dwelling and neighbourhood. The results confirm that the Poles have been more successful than the Somalis in establishing a progressive housing career. The reasons relate to differences in individual and household characteristics and the nature of the local housing market. Specific variables include socio-economic status, household size, community resources, the housing situation before coming to Canada, Toronto's tight rental market and perceived discriminatory barriers in that market. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation of the housing career concept as used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematises the politics of inclusion in education by examining how minority groups in Toronto attempt to 'negotiate equity' in response to the school board's release of a draft policy on anti-racism and ethno-cultural equity in education. A competing policy document challenging the specific focus on race, ethnicity and faith communities as being 'too narrow' argued that the notion of equity should be broadly construed to accommodate the categories of other 'historically disadvantaged groups', such as women, the disabled and gays and lesbians, under a single comprehensive policy. A debate over the implications of broad-based equity has polarized communities along racial, ethnic and religious lines. Religious and ethnic communities objected to the displacement of race, ethnicity and religion and what they regarded as the centring of sexual orientation in a policy which would integrate gay and lesbian issues into the curriculum. Advocates for separate policies argued that all forms of difference could not be equated and should be dealt with separately in terms of policy and practice. This paper will explore the dynamics of community engagement with this issue and will examine the politics behind the shifting discourse of anti-racism toward the paradigm of broad-based equity through political and discursive practices at both the community and institutional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper briefly sketches the history of Palestinian immigration to both the Gulf region and Toronto, Canada, weaving in the life histories of five women who are part of the most recent wave of Palestinian arrivals in Canada as a result of the Gulf War. The paper then examines the nature of this newly established diaspora community in Toronto, focussing in particular on: (1) processes of personal adjustment; (2) the ways in which this group of Palestinians is forming a new community in Canada; and (3) the kinds of ties that members of the community maintain to Palestine. This examination augments the ethnographic record of Canadian immigration, complicates traditional notions of immigrants and refugees as poor and/or unsophisticated, and sheds light on the experiences and attitudes of those who have come of age in one area of the Palestinian diaspora. We also see that important differences exist within the Palestinian immigrant community, stemming from the widely varied backgrounds of this group. The process of community formation for this group of Palestinians in Toronto demonstrates how individuals' diasporic experiences are inflected with issues of gender, class, and religion. The material presented here thus suggests one way that social identities may be reconfigured in the context of a multicultural society and its politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the creation and the subsequent meaning of ‘redevelopment areas’ in Toronto in the 1950s. The city passed a bylaw in 1952 that defined blighted areas as suitable for redevelopment. One of these areas was the downtown district that runs between Wood and Wellesley streets. The history of the Wood-Wellesley redevelopment area between 1952 and 1957 was important in several ways: it built on but differed from similar activity in the USA; it discursively reflected the needs of the city to refashion itself as a modern landscape; it provided the city with the tools to turn planning ideas into action; and it gave developers the forum by which they could push for specific areas of the city to be opened up for investment. Politically calculated and heavily contested visions of urban space, redevelopment areas such as Wood-Wellesley were used by the state and developers to physically reconstruct Toronto’s downtown area for private capital, to create a new modernist landscape, and to reproduce new and to reinforce existing social inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the characteristics of areas with numerous group homes (residential care facilities) that cater to a variety of user groups. An overview of patterns of locational concentration precedes the results of an ecological analysts for the Minor Planning Districts of the City of Toronto. The pattern of ecological correlates among the three group home types analyzed supports results obtained elsewhere, but cautions against referring ecological associations Identified for one sort of facility to other facility types. The conclusion questions the suitability of present areas of locational concentration of group homes as host environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the reactions to the old and new institutional economists at the June 1989 History of Economics Conference in Toronto, Ontario. Significant issue in the Toronto conference; Information on the papers presented in the conference; Observation on Langlois' admission on old and new institutional economists.

The Ontario Municipal Board is a quasi-judicial tribunal that is responsible for adjudicating municipal land-use planning appeals. The Board exerts considerable influence over property development outcomes. Big box retail as a form of commercial development has often been subject to planning conflict and appeal. This paper examines 65 big box retail Board appeals filed between 1993 and 2012 by developers and stakeholders independently or jointly in response to applications submitted at the municipal level throughout the Greater Toronto Area, Canada's largest metropolitan market. Results indicate the presence of game playing strategies used by participants that involves leveraging the potential of proceeding with a potentially expensive, time-consuming and uncertain hearing as a means to negotiate a settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyzes the links between migrant illegalization and precarious status migrants' temporal orientations. I begin by evaluating research on three research orientations in this area: (1) research that focuses on temporal contingency versus temporal teleology; (2) research about immigration status, illegalization, and time; and (3) research on the link between precarious immigration status and precarious work. I then draw on interviews with 13 Mexican migrants with precarious immigration status to discuss how immigration status affects migrants' ability to make plans, secure decent work, and experience a sense of belonging in the context of reception (Toronto, Canada). I conclude by arguing for a framework of temporal contingency when analyzing precarious status migrants' narratives of temporal orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In Canada, where immigration plays a major role in population growth, immigrants’ housing choices and settlement patterns have been extensively researched. Using a case study of Filipino immigrants in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area, this paper demonstrates that choices such as affordable rental housing may contribute to flexibility and mobility in increasingly competitive labour and housing markets. The study, using descriptive statistics from Census data and interviews with Filipino immigrants, found that structural changes in immigration, housing and labour market policy over the past few decades have affected immigrants’ housing choices. These structural changes, combined with Filipinos’ resilience strategies, have resulted in housing patterns that are responsive to constantly changing household and labour market characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the regeneration process of two entertainment zones in Canada, both of which involve business improvement areas (BIAs) within the local governing structure. The main objective is to analyse the arrangement of local governance and the corresponding influence on the regeneration strategy in each context. Resultantly, it is clear that local governance structure holds significant impact on project outcome, which in both cases has led to similar regeneration strategies with regard to place-making and economic revitalization. As a recommendation moving forward, the BIA model might be twinned with a sustainability assessment of the site in order to produce a more strategic approach to urban regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces papers in the March 2004 issue of the "Journal of Human Rights." Reading of shorter versions of the papers at the "Writing and Terror" conference held at the University of Toronto in March 2001; Thought and research that took place before the coordinated attacks in the United States of September 11, 2001; Organizers of the conference.

Coverage of the South African War by the Toronto daily press at its outbreak in late 1899 was implicitly gendered. Placed within the context of nineteenth-century connections between manhood and war, claims of ineffective soldiering, poor shooting ability, and indecisive political action were also implicit attacks on the manhood and character of Canadian politicians at home and the Boer enemy in South Africa. Representations of soldiers, enemies, and politicians in the press also expose connections between war and gender and allow historians to question how war is sold and characterized to the nation through ideas about masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors draw on the perspectives of black teachers to provide a more nuanced analysis of male teacher shortage. Interviews with two Caribbean teachers in Toronto, Canada, are employed to illuminate the limits of an explanatory framework that foregrounds the singularity of gender as a basis for advocating male teachers as role models. The study concludes that educational policy attempting to address male teacher shortage would benefit from engaging with both analytic frameworks and empirical research that is capable of unravelling the politics of representation and intersectionality as they relate to addressing questions of male teacher shortage in elementary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper explores why Toronto's policies for improving pedestrian conditions are not better reflected in the design of arterial streets as the city tries to refashion them into pedestrian-oriented 'Avenues'. Professional frameworks shaping street design date from the first half of the 20th century and reflect a consensus between the fields of planning and engineering. Recently, this consensus has broken down in terms of the design of arterial streets. The role of engineering standards in this story has been told, but this study also examines how other institutionalized practices continue to operate making design changes difficult. Understanding why this occurs has lessons beyond Toronto and is intended to help cities to better match street-making practices to new visions of pedestrian-oriented streets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I demonstrate how four self-identified multi-generational Italian Canadian youth socially construct their identities and invest in language learning while participating in a French teacher education programme in Toronto, Canada. In doing so, I draw upon critical ethnography and discourse analysis, using multiple field methods to highlight the different conceptions of what being Canadian, multilingual and multicultural means to these youths and the ways in which they position themselves vis-à-vis the acquisition of French as official language. I furthermore illustrate how some of their lived social and linguistic practices problematise social categories and labels. This work acknowledges the creation of social spaces for overlapping identities, which could possibly challenge the status quo, crossing both societal and social borders in Canada and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the attempts by peoples of Caribbean origin resident in Toronto, Canada, to use a version of the transplanted Trinidad Carnival as a mechanism for creating an ethnic identity in a multicultural metropolitan society. The contesting claims to the "ownership" of this cultural product forms the backdrop against which a younger generation of Canadian-born children of Caribbean immigrants also work out their own relationship to Canadian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I examine the role of the studio as a central site of artistic identity construction and maintenance. Using ten case studies drawn from interviews with contemporary women visual artists from Toronto, Canada, I argue that women artists value studio space because it powerfully reinforces their sense of commitment and belonging to a predominantly male-dominated profession. I consider how women cope with the demands of artistic practice when they are unable to establish a spatially separate workspace by addressing the experiences of artists who are parents. I demonstrate how women artists who are primary care-givers are rarely adequately protected from the interruptions of daily life and have grown accustomed to working in fragments of time and space. While these women may appear willing to concede space to others, when space is crucial to their artistic practice, they have a remarkably strong influence on the form of their creative environment. I maintain, then, that the studio as a fixed physical space continues to be a very real necessity for women artists in all stages of their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential for peer-based anti-oppression education groups to achieve social change, considers the conditions that make their work possible and introduces several critical questions and issues raised by such efforts. I have drawn upon my involve-ment in my former high schools Rainbow Alliance, as well as in two Toronto peer-based anti-homophobia education groups. I connect my experiences in the Rainbow Alliance to an account by Sharp (2003) of his involvement as an educator within a similar Canadian high school group, which he detailed in a previous issue of Teaching Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates urban policy-making and development from a regulation theory perspective. It describes major Toronto urban trends of the past 50 years in order to gauge their conformity to changing regulation conditions. Results indicate that in the 1950s and 1960s, policies in Toronto were in accord with the Fordist mass consumption and welfare orientation. They also suggest a coincidence between the post-1995 period of public-sector retrenchment and the market-driven nature of post-Fordism. The intermediary period, however, was dominated by unsuccessful efforts at maintaining Fordist-type policies in a regulation context shifting towards post-Fordism. These findings confirm the non-functionalist interpretation of links between policy-making and regulation professed by regulation theory researchers. They also cast light on the role the city plays in the changing nature of regulation. Assertive metropolitan planning and socially balanced sub-divisions characteristic of the Fordist period of regulation gradually made way for market-driven development. With a reduced government presence, urban development has become less co-ordinated and more socially polarised, thus reflecting at the urban level society-wide features of post-Fordism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous authors have asserted that globalisation and occupational changes associated with post-Fordist economic restructuring have led to a growth in intraurban social disparity and even polarisation. This hypothesis is most consistently articulated in the literature on global cities. However, the social effects of post-Fordist economic restructuring and the interplay between occupational changes and social and spatial factors within urban areas are not well understood. This paper seeks to provide an initial investigation into processes of socioeconomic change which may be presently ocurring within cities, and to model how such processes may be articulated within urban space. To gauge the impact of occupational restructuring on the social structure of the city, and to test the assertion that economic changes are related to increased polarisation, shifts in occupation, immigration and income variables in the urban region of Toronto, Canada, are examined. The patterns of social and spatial change occurring between 1971 ands 1991 are plottted and the possible tendencies towards increasing polarisation are analysed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a self-study of my work as a professor as I redesigned and implemented an innovative teacher education program at OISE/UT. I begin by providing the background and setting to our program, a one-year, post-baccalaureate B.Ed. program. Since it is cohort-based, 60 students, we had the opportunity to structure the program around action research philosophy and practice. I describe and analyze seven 'critical incidents' from my own work in restructuring of the program. Using Schon's theory of reflective practice as the framework I examine my work in light of key concepts such as repertoire, artistry, reflection on action, reflective conversations, reframing, and so on. I show how my personal development as a reflective practitioner helped me develop the teacher education program to be more consistent with the theory and practice of reflective practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the nature of the economic costs and risks involved in brownfield versus greenfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area (Ontario, Canada) from a private sector perspective, and assesses the potential effectiveness of different policies and programmes designed to attenuate associated costs and risks. Through interviews, case-studies and an analysis of hypothetical development scenarios, it has been found that the perception that brownfield redevelopment is less cost-effective and entails greater risks than greenfield development, on the part of the private sector, is true for industrial projects in the province, but not for residential ones, which were found to be feasible, given the assumptions of the present study. Furthermore, the study has found that the attractiveness of residential brownfield projects can increase considerably with minor policy changes, but that promoting industrial redevelopment will require a more vigorous approach that employs a variety of environmental policy and economic development measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the change m perception of air quality in Toronto, Canada from 1968-1978. The data show a shift in public concern with and awareness of air quality. Despite the fact that the 1978 population regarded air quality as degraded, air pollution declined as a public concern, requiring a less serious response by government than other societal problems. The results of the study were reviewed in the context of existing perception studies. In explaining change, the study found: (1) perception of ambient air quality was not related to air pollution levels, (2) air pollution declines as a public concern as other socioeconomic problems surface; and, (3) the mass media has an important role in affecting public attitudes and behavior over environmental quality issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant advances in the HIV treatment and prevention landscape such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), young Black-Canadian gay, bisexual and other sexual minority men continue to experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection. While research has explored the factors associated with their higher HIV exposure and the efficacy of STI/HIV prevention programmes, there remains a paucity of research on their knowledge of HIV prevention strategies such as PrEP. We interviewed twenty-two young men and used a constructivist grounded theory approach to qualitatively analyse these young men's PrEP knowledge. Intersectionality and the social ecological model allowed us to explore how social locations (e.g. race, sexual orientation), interacted with individual, interpersonal and community contexts to shape their understanding. Our analysis revealed two interrelated barriers to PrEP knowledge and uptake. The first centred on the ineffectiveness of institutions in disseminating PrEP information to participants. The second focused on the impact of participants' social locations and perceptions of PrEP users based on their PrEP knowledge. Findings suggest the need for more targeted, culturally congruent PrEP dissemination strategies and PrEP prescription policies that acknowledge the various social locations and ecologies in which young Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men reside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the "Taking stock: Museum Studies and Museum Practices in Canada" conference of the University of Toronto (U of T) Museum Studies Program conference held at Hart House, Toronto, Canada in April 2010. The conference provided a forum for the discussion of museological practices in Canada and featured editor Robert R. Janes as keynote speaker. Topics discussed at the conference include First Nations Indians museology, museum management, and civic engagement.

The authors investigate on the interdisciplinary intellectual history in Canadian academia featuring the Canadian groups organized around the political theory journal "Telos." It focuses on the University of Waterloo in Kitchener-Waterloo considering it as the cradle of Canadian "Telos" prior to the emergence of the Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver proto-group. They consider Waterloo as a place name that announces programmatic hopes and personal failures but they do not invoke it as a sign of crushing defeat of the journal's entire critical orientation.

This paper compares the transformation of metropolitan institutions in two Canadian city-regions (Toronto and Montreal). Taking Neil Brenner's argument about new state spaces as a starting point, we discuss comparatively how governance restructuring in recently consolidated Toronto and Montreal has been part of more general changes to the architecture of governance in Canada. We look specifically at changes to the mediation channels between civil society and metropolitan institutions. A "nationally" scaled comparison, this project must take into account the specific differences between Francophone and Anglophone Canada, between the different civic traditions in Montreal and Toronto and different traditional significance attributed to the scale and nature of metropolitan governance structures and variously scaled agency in both cities. This makes our case in many ways more like an international comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among agents that reflect and shape urban space, prominent property developers are powerful players. This paper examines the spatial practices of Canada's largest office development firms. These firms constantly explore new frontiers for investment, but at the same time well-established nodes are rigorously maintained and protected. Larger urban areas are preferred locations for investment; yet among them only a few cities attract the vast majority of investment. Once an investment channel is initiated and a threshold is reached, existing assets act as magnets, attracting more investment and strengthening the allure of particular places. Within a particular place (a city or a metropolitan area) the mix of properties held by a firm is likely to change over time. Core properties are considered strategic assets and therefore are retained as long-standing investments; peripheral assets have to meet corporate requirements and are thus subject to trade and replacement. Findings confirm the key position of Toronto within the Canadian urban system but also indicate that the scale of property investment does not fully correlate with urban hierarchy. On the intraurban scale, the framework of core-periphery properties helps to explain the spatial patterns of office development and the primary role of traditional nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]