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Popular press and industry stakeholders are reporting a travel trend whereby tourists increasingly seek to experience the world's most endangered sites before they vanish or are irrevocably transformed. Termed 'last-chance' or 'doom' tourism in the popular media, the desire for tourists to witness vanishing landscapes or seascapes and disappearing species may have important consequences for tourism management, yet the nature of these consequences is poorly understood by the academic community. This paper describes how last-chance tourism is promoted in various tourism marketing strategies, especially in the Arctic. The analysis is supported through a literature review of web-based information and an analysis of three different studies conducted in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada - the self-declared polar bear capital of the world. The authors also examine more closely the concepts of dark and last-chance tourism, and elaborate on the possible connections between the two. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this type of tourism and identifies potential risks and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an emerging body of theoretical, historical and design research that examines the ways in which race and cultural identity are understood to be produced and represented in the landscape. Yet, there remains a dearth of research examining both the historic and contemporary effects of race upon the development of school geographies. This paper has two broad purposes. It highlights the experiential aspects of racialized geographies within schools and, at the same time, it grapples with the processes that maintain or challenge the spatial conditions for the construction of whiteness. Drawing upon in-depth case study research this paper highlights the experiences of Aboriginal students and staff at four different schools, with a particular focus on cross-cultural schools, in Manitoba, Canada.What is needed is a concept of landscape that helps point the way to those interventions that can bring about much greater social justice. And what landscape study needs even more is a concept of landscape that will assist the development of the very idea of social justice. (Henderson, 2003, p. 196) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent disaster experiences can motivate communities to initiate risk management as part of their resilience mechanism if there is appropriate support to assist their shared commitment and goals. This scenario was evident in the City of Brandon's (Manitoba, Canada) response to the 1-in-300-year high-water event during the spring of 2011. This study examined how this small prairie city/community achieved the creation and preservation of locally driven flood risk management practice, and the critical role of the Brandon Emergency Support Team (BEST), a community-based disaster risk management organization, in facilitating enhanced risk awareness towards protecting the city from flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photography is an integral component in the observation of fauna in protected areas (Russell, 1995; Shackley, 1998). The importance of photography to wildlife tourism should come as no surprise since the relationship between photography and tourism has been well documented (Albers & James, 1988; Chalfen, 1979; Neumann, 1992). Behavioural observations and interviews conducted with polar bear viewers visiting the Churchill Wildlife Management Area near Churchill, Manitoba revealed motivations closely resembling what some authors have termed as ocular consumption (Lee, 2001; Ryan et al., 1999). This paper examines the relation between photography, the wildlife tourist gaze, and ocular consumption, and applies these concepts to one particular field setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the physical and chemical properties of feedstock and compost materials used at the Clear Lake Golf Course located in southwestern Manitoba. The compost was found to have a very low organic matter content (range = 9.1 to 13.2%) and a low moisture content (27.8 to 32.8%). To improve the compost quality, two recommendations were made: (1) a composting pad should be installed to prevent soil contamination and (2) the moisture content should be monitored, particularly during the curing stage. The compost contained Hg concentrations ranging from 3.16 to 6.1 mg kg[sup -1]. The grass clippings, the primary feedstock material, had Hg concentrations ranging from 8.53 to 20.2 mg kg[sup -1]. The putting green soil Hg concentration ranged from 60.7 to 90.8 mg kg[sup -1]. Elevated Hg levels may have been due to previous mercurial fungicide use and all the values were well above the Canadian compost and soil guideline values of 0.8 and 6.6 mg kg[sup -1], respectively. It was estimated that 1004.4 kg of Hg has accumulated in the top 8 cm of the putting green soil, which cover an area of 9,290 m[sup 2]. Based on a Hg flow analysis conducted on the solid materials entering and leaving the putting green soil, a passive remediation approach was recommended that involved: (1) removal of the aeration cores, (2) restrictions on the compost use, (3) construction of a composting pad, and (4) the periodic monitoring of the soil and compost Hg concentrations. Calculations suggested the soil would reach the soil quality guideline value in approximately one hundred years. This is a long period of time, and, as the data suggests a degree of bioavailability, the impact of the long-term exposure to golf course staff must be determined. As there are thousands of golf courses in North America that may have been treated with mercurial fungicide, a health risk assessment should be done on the Hg exposure levels during the handling and processing of the aeration cores ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great deal of activity is currently underway in Canada surrounding pay equity. Several provinces have passed legislation requiring some form of assessment or implementation of equity for public and/or private sector employers. However, definitions of what constitutes equity have not been consistent across provinces. Differing provisions have quite different implications for the overall equity of the results. Analysis of these implications are useful for policy makers designing assessments and implementation projects. The paper examines the legislation in Manitoba and Ontario in tens of how each provides for equity. Each piece of legislation contains provisions which may compromise the resulting equity, either in the way gender-domination is defined, the way comparable worth is estimated, or the way equity is achieved. The lessons to be learned (or re-learned) from these provisions are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This 2.5-year longitudinal, Canadian tri-provincial study (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) of women abused by intimate partners examined the nature of the partner abuse, physical and mental conditions, disabilities, child abuse history, and quality of life (QOL). The women retained at 30-months (419 of 665) were identified as Indigenous (48.5%), White (46.6%), or visible minority (4.9%). Physical and mental health conditions were noted by 62.3%; 41.8% of these were disabilities. Over half (54.5%) reported histories of child sexual abuse, with 24.2% reporting other childhood abuse, and 21.3% were not abused as children. Consistent with similar longitudinal studies, over time the women significantly improved their QOL and had less mental stress (SCL-10) and PTSD symptoms (PCL); however, neither PCL nor SCL-10 scores were clinically problematic at any time period. Depression symptoms (CES-D-10) remained constant over time but were not in the clinical range over the 2.5 years. Only IPV severity and having a disability were associated with more severe mental health/well-being scores at 30-months. Implications for practice such as training IPV advocates and counselors to better address disabilities and to avoid stigmatizing women abused by partners as necessarily having mental health issues are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this review is to summarise past Inuit health and wellness studies in Manitoba and the Kivalliq region of Nunavut to provide a snapshot of the types of studies available and identify the gaps in knowledge. Research to date has largely been disease-based and often provides comparisons between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Distinct Inuit experiences are rarely written about from an Inuit perspective. However, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the national organisation of Inuit in Canada, and Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada have been leaders in strengths-based community research and publications that address priorities determined by the Inuit, including the 2018 Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami document National Inuit Strategy on Research (132). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pattern of intergovernmental relations (IGR) on immigrant integration in Canada runs counter to core arguments in the extant literature. In particular, Canada's federal structures have not produced multilateral, institutionalized, and conflictual IGR; IGR in Canada has been predominantly bilateral and only moderately institutionalized. Moreover, IGR has been conflictual at times, while collaborative at others. Several factors explain this unexpected pattern. In an attempt to ward off separatism, the central government devolved authority over immigrant selection and settlement programmes to Quebec, creating a deep asymmetry between Quebec and the Anglophone provinces (and territories) in these areas. Interprovincial competition drove other provinces to seek powers over immigration and integration. The central government – driven by fiscal pressures and a philosophical commitment to symmetry – struck bilateral agreements with Anglophone provinces to fund and devolve settlement programming and some control over the selection of economic immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon ethnographic research in Winnipeg, Manitoba, we complicate simplistic epidemiological and sexual health discourses that position African newcomer teen girls and young women as "at-risk" for HIV/AIDS and other consequences of being sexually active. By tracing the trajectories of sexual health messages and utilizing the concept of assemblage, we seek to account for the ways in which risk is actively made and negotiated in practice by African newcomer youth. By highlighting the perspectives and experiences of participants in relationship to Canadian literature on the subject of sexual risk, culture, and education, we work to counter essentializing, racializing, and pathologizing discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social work research and literature in the area of supervision tends to focus on the supervision of field education students. Less attention is given to the supervision of social work practitioners and there is almost no information that examines how social workers become supervisors. This exploratory study interviewed 27 practicing social work supervisors across different fields of social work practice in Western Canada. The participants included 15 supervisors with a graduate degree and 12 supervisors with an undergraduate degree. The supervisors completed a brief questionnaire that was followed by a structured interview. Supervisors were asked how they came to be social work supervisors. Thematic analysis of the supervisors' responses revealed three pathways to supervision: task exposure, supervision by happen chance, and deliberate decision. The responses suggested that additional focus on supervision might be included in undergraduate education and that universities, professional associations, and employers pay more attention to succession planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the symposium on causes and consequences of refugee migration in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Themes of the symposiums; Attendance of a number of highly qualified and ranking representatives of government agencies; Number of geographers attended.

A food crisis confronts many Indigenous communities in northwestern Canada, as reflected by wide-scale food insecurity and diet-related disease. South-generated responses to this crisis generally disregard principles of Indigenous food sovereignty and are disengaged from concerns related to environmental and food justice. This study seeks to explore the needs and priorities of a First Nation (Misipawistik Cree Nation) and an associated Métis community (Grand Rapids) regarding existing and potential responses to the food crisis in northern Manitoba. Substantial changes to the traditional food system were initiated during the establishment of the reserve system in the 1800s and now extend to damage associated with hydro development. Responses to these changes were categorised according to themes and include the revival of country food traditions, individual and community gardens, agriculture in the North, and better quality imported foods. Regardless of response, decision-making needs to be community-driven, culturally appropriate, to reflect local priorities in order to effectively address the northern food crisis, and, ultimately, needs to work towards Indigenous food sovereignty to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great world economic and globalisation boom of the pre-First World War era was accompanied by great inequality in the distribution of income and wealth particularly during industrialisation, with the new world European settler economies being no exception. Canadian wealth inequality over the period 1870–1930 was also substantial and is examined using probated estates from the Eastern Judicial District of the province of Manitoba and Wentworth County, Ontario. However, wealth inequality is found to be less pronounced in frontier Manitoba relative to Ontario with higher and more dispersed rates of land ownership in the West as well as lower wealth levels and greater farm employment, as the key factors in this difference. This suggests that the farm economy of pre-First World War Canada was associated with greater equality of wealth. One of the inevitable effects of Canadian industrialisation and economic development was a rise in wealth inequality but the process of western settlement and associated free grants helped mitigate it. By extension, global economic inequality might also have been mitigated during this period by the presence of agricultural frontiers with subsidised land grants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on several symphysiotomies performed by the author in the last few years in a tertiary hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Symphysiotomy is a surgery that divides the symphysis pubis and its reinforcing ligaments with a scalpel. The author decided to perform Caesarean delivery in the case of a pregnant woman whose cervix was fully dilated. Another case was that of a young woman having diabetes and a persistent occipitoposterior position.

Discusses the abstract of the paper "Progress in forecasting: fusarium head blight risk forecasts in Manitoba," by D. Kaminski, presented during the third Canadian workshop on fusarium head blight, held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 2003.

By 1850 British women had settled in the Red River colony, a British outpost in what became the province of Manitoba, Canada, and where the Hudson's Bay Company established fur trading posts. Through an analysis of documents concerning two unconnected lawsuits involving Countryborn women, it is possible to glean some understanding of how British women became agents of colonialism. Company authorities envisaged that White women would establish households predicated on Victorian patriarchal ideology that defined separate spheres for men and women. This article maps how White women stereotyped non-White women as 'Other,' manipulated their symbolic role as mothers of the English nation, and used rumour to maintain a segregated settlement. It also explores the agency of these White women as they sought to establish a place for themselves through their struggles with one another, with First Nations and Countryborn women, as well as with the White men who ruled the colony. The establishment at which we encamped last night, may be considered the boundary between the Civilized and Savage Worlds, as beyond this point, the country is uninhabited by Whites, except where a Trading Post of the Honourable Hudson's Bay Company occasionally presents itself.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest management in Canada is evolving from being largely bilateral and closed to being more inclusive and open. In an effort to test new approaches to public participation, many forest products companies have established advisory committees. Since there is little empirical evidence documenting advisory committee processes, our purpose was to determine the strengths and weaknesses of such processes. This was achieved by assessing the advisory committees of three major forest products companies in Manitoba, Canada, responsible for managing over 5 million hectares of productive forest. Our approach was inductive and qualitative, involving standardized, semistructured interviews with committee members. Results coalesce around both process and outcome strengths and weaknesses, such as multiple involvement techniques, information sharing and communication, and breadth of participant learning. While the results are mixed, the study confirms that advisory committees have promise as a method of actively involving a select group of stakeholders in forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special characteristics of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plant make it one of the most challenging crops to handle. Several studies, both in the laboratory and the field, have been conducted at the University of Manitoba, Canada, on the engineering perspectives of hemp production, including the physical and mechanical properties of the hemp plant, hemp harvesting and processing. Physical properties of the hemp plant, such as plant height, seed-head length, stem diameter and stem specific mass, vary highly within a field and across fields. The force and energy required for cutting a hemp stem are much greater than those required for cutting maize stalk and forage crops. The two-windrow harvesting concept has been demonstrated to be feasible and can be implemented into a commercial windrower for harvesting dual-purpose hemp. Conditioned hemp dries significantly faster than unconditioned hemp. However, conditioning hemp requires more power than conditioning a forage crop. The basic machine functions required for hemp fibre processing are separating the fibre from the core and cleaning the fibre. A field-going processing unit can be formed by combining a modified forage harvester and a straw walker from a grain combine. However, the effectiveness of such a unit is limited, and the design of new separating and cleaning devices may be required for higher fibre yield and purity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the inflorescences of wild grasses for the presence of Fusarium species and identification of host plants that may be important in the survival and spread of pathogenic species. Observation of a seasonal trend in recovery of species; Indication that wild grasses harbor several species of Fusarium, including F. graminearum, the predominant species causing fusarium head blight in cereal crops in Manitoba.

Disembedding mechanisms separate activities from their local contexts and reorganize them in the global economy. Manitoba's rapidly growing intensive hog industry has become disembedded socioeconomically, environmentally, and politically. Socioeconomically, intensive livestock operations (ILOs) have come under corporate control and are no longer bound by collective agricultural supply management policies. Environmentally, odor and water quality concerns have increased at the local level and have not been easily amenable to legal and regulatory redress. Politically, disputes over hog barns have disrupted the decision-making process in many rural communities. This has forced a reluctant provincial government to become more involved in the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hudson Bay Lowlands of Manitoba contain a wide range of vegetation types that reflect local variations in climate, geological history, permafrost, fire, wildlife grazing and human use. This study, in Wapusk National Park and the Cape Churchill Wildlife Management Area, uses a Landsat-5 TM image mosaic to examine landscape-level vegetation classes. Field data from 600 sites were first classified into 14 vegetation classes and three unvegetated classes. Principal component analysis was used to examine the spectral properties of these classes and identify outliers. Multiple discriminant analysis was then applied to determine the statistical significance of the vegetation classes in spectral space. Finally, redundancy analysis was used to determine the amount of vegetation variance explained by the spectral reflectance data. We advocate this adaptive learning approach to vegetation mapping, by which the researcher employs an iterative strategy to carefully examine the relationship between ground and spectral data. This approach is labour intensive, but has the advantage of producing vegetation classes that are spectrally separable, decreasing the likelihood of errors in classification caused by overlap between classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent interest in the North American fire record, paleoecological evidence for the deliberate burning of grassland by hunter–gatherers has not previously been sought. Through the analysis of grass phytoliths preserved in a sequence of buried soil horizons in the Lauder Sandhills, southwestern Manitoba, Canada, this article reconstructs a local grassland fire record for the past 5,000 years. I propose that an apparent peak in fire frequency shortly after 2,500 [sup 14]C years b.p. corresponds to the deliberate burning of prairie by Sonota–Besant (Plains Woodland) hunter–gatherers, rather than climatic “forcing.” This practice, which is clearly documented in the historic record, may have functioned as a means of making bison–herd movements more predictable and may have enabled higher human carrying capacities in the Plains Woodland period. This hypothesis is meant to stimulate multidisciplinary discussion on a significant, but neglected, topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information about the contributions of Manitoba Royal Commission on flood cost benefit. Importance of royal commission for Canadian policy development; Effort of the commission for basic policy on flood mitigation.

This article distinguishes between cities experiencing high rates of growth and those growing more slowly and argues that 1) widely held North American assumptions to the contrary, slow growth is not a pathology: and 2) because we do tend to view it as a pathology, we fail to plan for it and instead follow policies more appropriate to rapidly growing centers. Using Winnipeg as the primary example of a slowly growing city, but drawing on a wide range of data, the article considers the following policy areas: housing, management of infrastructure, economic development, and immigration. In each of these areas the argument is that policies that may be defensible in rapidly growing centers are inappropriately.followed in slowly growing cities where different lines of policy would be more beneficial. Appropriate policies for slowly growing cities are suggested and their merits evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which reported the results of a pilot study on the financial abuse of mentally incompetent seniors in Manitoba, Winnipeg. Indicators and implications of financial abuse; Ways on how to respond to the abuse; Results and discussion.

Reports the plan of the European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI) to establish the unified European defense in Saint Malo, Manitoba. Reasons for the creation of ESDI within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Views of Prime Minister Tony Blair on the foreign and security policy of the European Union; Processes of developing defense cooperation.

This article explores the extent to which Jews were able to transplant their East European Shtetl communities into the city as ethnic urban villagers, to what extent they are also active in the macro political and economic structures of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and to what extent they employ social psychological means of identification. Since the Jews have seldom been in political control of a national territory, they did not come to Canada with great visions of Jewish power and influence in this country. When the Jews moved into the Northend of Winniepeg, they settled first in the Point Douglas area. They were some of the first to settle in this territory together with the Ukrainians and Poles. In a democracy, an ethnic group must dominate an ecological area demographically in order to gain control of the political decisions in the area. The Northend was always a part of the city of Winnipeg. The East Europeans did send representatives from their Northend wards which were often Jewish. Economically, the Jews who were originally of lower socio-economic status, have risen to highest status in Winnipeg. They, however, under-represented among the corporate elite. The article concludes that the Jews were never able to dominate the ecological, demographic, political and economic macro-social structures in Manitoba.

Evaluates sources of heterogeneity of snow geese in Manitoba, Canada with the use of a model. Estimated survival rates; Materials and methods used; Model selection and notation; Results; References.

Presents a letter to the editor concerning an article about nuclear-free zone in Manitoba.