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The article invites submissions of papers on tourism relating to China and the Chinese.

Achieving tourism carbon neutrality is essential for sustainable tourism development. This paper uses the coupled coordination distance model, modified gravity model and social network analysis to attempt to construct a nationwide tourism carbon neutral spatial network to clarify the role of each province in the process of achieving China's tourism carbon neutrality. The results show that: (1) only seven provinces will achieve tourism carbon neutrality in the target year of carbon neutrality in China (2060). (2) From 2001 to 2060, most provinces are at the stage of coordinated development of tourism carbon emissions and tourism carbon sinks, but the degree of coordinated development is low. (3) The structure of China's tourism carbon-neutral spatial network tends to be looser from 2001 to 2060. As the time series progresses, the role of each province in the spatial network will be gradually clarified. (4) In the process of achieving the goal of China's tourism carbon neutrality, the number of tourism carbon sink input areas is much larger than that of tourism carbon sink output areas. Accordingly, this paper proposes countermeasures from three aspects: government-led, market system and voluntary mechanisms, in order to promote the achievement of China's tourism carbon neutrality goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of weather conditions on tourists' decision-making. For this purpose, it develops a theoretical framework that integrates how individual decisions are made at the micro level into a dynamic macro-level model with three decision stages: before booking, before departure, and during the trip. The model is empirically tested applying chi-square analysis, logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis on a sample of inbound tourists visiting China. The results indicate that weather variations affect tourists' decisions, mainly regarding activities. The specific weather conditions that impact on visitors' behaviour are different at each decision-making stage. Additionally, the influence of weather becomes smaller as the stages advance. The empirical results also indicate that the effect of weather is affected by tourists' characteristics. Finally, the results of the paper are used to provide recommendations for including weather consideration into the design and management of tourism products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before COVID-19, visitors from China, were a prime target for the European tourism industries. Yet, their mobility was constrained by the Schengen visa requirement for any trip to a European Union (EU)’s Member States. While the literature on Schengen visa policy has highlighted the repressive practices of street-level bureaucrats processing visa applications abroad, this article seeks to understand how Schengen visa policy is implemented when the objective is to attract potential visitors rather than drive them away. The paper argues that the economic imperative to attract Chinese tourists to Europe is turning local consular cooperation from Schengen into local consular competition. To support this claim and using ethnographic methods as well as a relational approach to implementation, the paper develops the concept of visa marketing to analyse the race to attractiveness between French and Italian consulates based in Beijing, the capital of China. Visa marketing refers to the use of visa procedures (receipt conditions, reliability, processing speed, etc.) by consulates as sales arguments to advertise the destination they represent. In essence, the article presents a case of domestic actors appropriating common visa regimes, engaging in competition to entice foreign consumers to their territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employer subsidized 'recuperation travel' has emerged in China as a workplace bonus operating predominantly in the public sector. As a novel and emerging tourism model, the potential for recuperation travel could reach as high as 250 million clients, which warrants greater attention from both practitioners and academicians. This paper sheds new insight into recuperation travel in China, through a sentiment analysis of social media posts by both recuperation travel participants and non-participants. The results suggest that most recuperation travel participants (77.6%) expressed positive sentiment, compared with 41.3% of non-participants. This paper identifies and discusses the entrepreneurial opportunities that can be derived from this billion-dollar tourism market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more research has been conducted to examine individuated, affective, and embodied themes related to heritage landscapes. Following this recent trend, the paper analyzes how tourists experience heritage landscapes to retrieve positive feelings from the past and thus seek inspiration for a better life. Specifically, this paper has two objectives. First, it examines the embodied interactions between tourists and heritage landscapes in Lijiang Old Town, a well-known cultural heritage site in Yunnan, China. Studying these interactions will add substance to the affective aspect of heritage landscapes, showing the cultural value of heritage to individuals who live in a speedy world. Second, this paper attempts to understand the complex feelings developed by tourists towards heritage landscapes. We find that leisurely tourists attempt to enjoy heritage landscapes in order to counter their hectic pace of life in China's big cities. They engage in either strolling in the town to decode the cultural values of heritage landscapes or staying put to immerse themselves in a heritage aura, for the purpose of relaxation and slowness. All the positive feelings in the town can lead to selftransformation and even spiritual rejuvenation. By apprehending heritage for inspiration, a situated and relational picture of tourism consumption unfolds to highlight how tourists develop a subjective sense of and feeling about heritage.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Geographies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we investigate the political uncertainty in China's tourism industry using China's anti-corruption campaign as an exogenous shock. We find that when the Chinese government launched its anti-corruption campaign, firms in the tourism industry experienced a significant decline in firm value, and the effect was stronger for companies majoring in high-end tourism products. In addition, we found that tourism companies' long-term financial performance declined after the anti-corruption campaign. Further analysis suggests that the decrease in firms' financial performance was driven by a decline in demand rather than an increase in cost. Our paper suggests that political uncertainty affects the tourism industry in emerging markets. It also details the theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of empty nest family tourism consumption. It is found that family assets, pension income and Internet usage have a significant impact on empty nest family tourism consumption, positively promoting it. Internet usage has the greatest impact. This paper also carries out a heterogeneity test. The results show that the factors affecting the tourism consumption of empty nest families are different among middle-aged and elderly empty nest families, urban and rural empty nest families, and empty nest families in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A huge tourism loss has undoubtedly resulted from COVID-19, but few studies have attempted to quantify it. This paper presents a post-investigation of the loss of China's tourism revenue caused by COVID-19 in 2020. The natural trend theory is employed to estimate tourist flow in China without COVID-19, and the loss of tourism revenue induced by COVID-19 is computed by multiplying the decrease in tourist arrivals by the average expenditure. The results show that in 2020, the total loss of China's tourism revenue induced by COVID-19 is in the range of US $618,995,929,706 to US $665,682,125,283. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a rapidly rising sector that contributes significantly to economies. In this paper, we apply a bootstrap full-sample causality test, parameter stability test, and quantile-on-quantile approach test so as to examine the relationship between consumer confidence index (CCI) and outward tourism expenditure (OTE) for the period between 1998:Q1 to 2021:Q4. The results of the findings reflect that CCI tends to exert a positive impact on the OTE in most of the quantiles. This essentially implies that consumer confidence in China can act as a compound for outbound tourism expenditure in nature. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the OTE tends not to have an effect on the CCI, thus extending the implication that an alteration in the private outbound tourism spending in most likely to be insufficient for the modification of the factor of consumer confidence. To ensure the robustness of the results, we have employed the quantile-based granger causality to investigate the causal relationship in quantile between CCI on the OTE. The results of this study tend to educate the foreign tourism policymakers, while at the same time making forecasts of the tourism arrivals from China. Policymakers can then plan their tourism strategies, ideally including the CCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) system becomes a significant part of urban transportation network system based on the information and communication technologies, but rarely received attention in tourism transport. This paper explored the impact of travel mode preferences on habitual choice behavior for MaaS in tourism, and an online survey and stated preference experiments were designed and carried out. Respondents were divided into three categories including strictly preference (SP) group, weak preference (WP) group, and no preference (NP) group, accounting for 25.09%, 72.24%, and 2.67% respectively. Estimation results of the mode choice random parameter logit (RPL) models indicate that explanatory variables of the alternatives (e.g., the total travel time, in-vehicle cost, and walking distance) only affect the travel mode choices for WP group, which are insensitive to the SP group and NP group. Marginal effect analysis shows that mode choice preferences for MaaS are influenced as tour experience and daily travel habits change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the relationship between tourism activities and housing prices (HP) in China's eight central provinces using wavelet transform context structures. This innovative technique allows the decomposition of a time series at different time frequencies. In this work, the researchers used continuous wavelets, wavelet coherence and wavelet phase-difference based on Granger causality analysis to investigate the relationship between tourism activities and HP. The study results indicate that the relationship is generally positive but changes over time exhibiting low to high-frequency cycles. The government needs to increase tourism demand and further provide and nurture the expansion of tourism supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a thorough, systematic review of literature on Red or communist tourism in China, exploring its development, key drivers, impacts, and management strategies. Utilizing the PRISMA framework for unbiased and rigorous analysis, and employing Bibliometrix software for enhanced thematic and trend identification, the study maps out major themes and gaps, proposing directions for future research. The analysis reveals a predominant focus on China within the existing literature, highlighting limitations in geographical scope, tourist demographics, and academic disciplines. It also emphasizes the importance of establishing partnerships and involving local communities for effective management and promotion of Red Tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border is often used as a way to define a tourism scenic area and enable a management potential. However, both its development as well as its impacts in the tourism context remains under-researched. Through linking the (im)mobilities of residents, tourists and materiality with borders, the nature of border and its impacts on local communities can be better understood. In this paper, interviews and observation were conducted to explore the intricacies of local border and (im)mobilities at a bordered community attraction in China. The findings show that: (a) local borders can increase mobilities in different dimensions; (b) tourism development accelerates the transformation of a production place (traditional rural community) into a consumption place; and (c) immobile facilities/infrastructures represent the interests of stakeholders by guiding and governing mobilities. This paper argues that borders for community tourism are made for the economic gains with the social costs. And the functions, as well as impacts of local border can be better understood with the consideration of (im)mobilities. Implications of this study are provided in closing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a rich dataset of mayors and municipal party committee secretaries from 289 prefecture-level cities for the period 1994–2018, this paper analyzes the influence of government officials' educational background, political capital and individual characteristics on tourism economic growth by the panel model. Results suggest that mayors and municipal party committee secretaries with higher academic qualifications and social science backgrounds focus more on the development of inbound tourism. Longer tenure has a positive impact on the overall tourism income, domestic tourism income and inbound tourism income. In contrast, there is no direct positive relationship between officials' involvement in politics in their hometowns and the regional tourism economy. The age and gender of officials have no effect on the development of regional tourism. These conclusions can help predict China's regional tourism development based on the government official appointment and provide practical implications on the appointment process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive growth of tourism in China since the 1980s has generated attendant interest in tourism research in the country, among researchers both in the mainland and outside. The dialogue between the two communities (domestic and international researchers) is also growing, but is as yet still limited, with insufficient contributions from Chinese mainland tourism researchers to the international academic world. China provides a rich field for examining the cultural, social and institutional context in which tourism develops. Recent studies of village-based community tourism development in China, with an emphasis on institutional perspectives, provide some insight on the dynamic and complex changes of rural communities along with tourism development. In general, these papers show that village participation in decision making is growing, although examples of disempowerment are as rife as those of growing empowerment. Contested resources are one of the most influential factors in this struggle, along with the rapid growth of tourism that the country has experienced since the 1980s. The papers in this special collection also demonstrate the distinct character of domestic tourism research in China, which engages the rich body of literature published in Chinese, but is generally less connected to broader international debates in the predominantly Anglo-American English publishing realm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mainstream tourist volume forecast methods generally rely on historical market data, not suitable for newly developed tourism area due to the lack of data accumulation. In view of this issue, this paper proposes an objective forecast model for newly developed rural tourism areas. It takes the characteristics of rural tourism areas into account and designs a novel modified gravity model-based method featured with destination tourism attraction variable, effective tourist origin set and parameter quantification methods, to forecast tourist volume indirectly. The empirical study results could well fit with actual tourist volume data in a rural tourism area of China, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTourism consumption is vital in expanding domestic demand and stimulating economic growth. In China, the urban-rural dual structure is more prominent in the tourism industry, and the potential of tourism consumption in rural areas needs further release. The development of the digital economy provides a new path to promote rural residents’ tourism consumption. Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2016, 2018, and 2020, this paper explores the specific impact of the digital economy on rural tourism consumption. The results show that the digital economy is conducive to promoting rural tourism consumption, and income structure is an important influence mechanism. The digital economy can promote rural tourism consumption by increasing wage income. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy significantly promotes tourism consumption in rural households with sufficient leisure time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on tourism geographies in China. He offers his observations on Anglo-American tourism geography review papers, the difficulty experienced by tourism geographers in publishing their work in mainstream geographical journals, and the historical background of Chinese tourism geography research.

In the discourse of value-laden tourism research, knowledge about the mechanisms that manifest civilized tourism is limited. This paper uses empirical research as a basis from which to explore the generative powers of civilized tourism at the structural level of society. It identifies the structural properties of civilized tourism and five situational logics. Civilized tourism is related to civility, China's Dream, and social etiquette. These other ideas provide a condition for civilized tourism to exist. All the situational logics function to co-determine the nature of civilized tourism in the cultural system. Based on the findings, it concludes that the call for civilized tourism in China provides a condition for the formation of ethicality in tourism, which is not reducible to tourism stakeholders. The formation of ethicality is conditioned by the product of past socio-cultural interactions whilst engineered by the protective and corrective situational logics of the idealizations taking place in the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel booking engines can produce, resist, and destabilise popular and state-directed geopolitical representations of a world neatly divided into national and international space. Although they present as strictly functional technical platforms, booking engines obscure and omit what is contingent and contested in the production of a destination as a bordered national territory. Due to their embedding in the webs of political representation, these systems and their backers can become targets for economic boycotts, political threats, hacks, or other interventions when territorial designations are contested. Such interventions manifest as political performances aimed at multiple audiences, including tourists and travellers, as well as the businesses and political entities that facilitate or inhibit their circulation, with spillover effects into other domains of geopolitical representation. To empirically illustrate this argument, the paper analyzes the People's Republic of China's mostly successful efforts to coerce the international travel industry to relist destinations within Taiwan as belonging to China. By extending the notion of border performativity into the 'code/spaces' that span the online and offline worlds, it concludes that booking engines, like other forms of infrastructure that serve travellers and tourists, can produce popular geopolitical effects that exceed their own technical systems. Peering through these ruptures reveals the uneasy and unstable assemblages of travel infrastructure and territorial representation that regulate global mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comprehensively assess the economic impacts from China's tourism industry caused by COVID-19 in 2020, this article develops a new multiplier calculation and decomposition method based on the social accounting matrix (SAM). This method is suitable for situations in which multiple industries are simultaneously exposed to external shocks, especially comprehensive industries like tourism. By categorizing all industries as being in either the tourism sector or the nontourism sector, we calculate the output, value-added and employment impacts of COVID-19, then decompose them into four levels: direct, indirect, spillover and reverberation effects. There are some subindustries of both the tourism and nontourism sectors that were severely affected. Compared with the calculation results from the traditional SAM method, the method developed in this paper identifies quite different industrial structures, although there is almost no difference in the total impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Integrating Cognitive Appraisal Theory with the transmission model of inspiration, this paper investigates the tourist inspiration-eliciting process in the context of wellness tourism. A questionnaire survey (N = 974) was provided to wellness tourists in Shizhu county, China, with findings revealing the motivations of wellness tourists positively influence goal relevance and goal congruence. Goal congruence led to the elicitation of inspiration, which could be separated into two stages of inspired-by and inspired-to. Tourist inspiration was found to diminish as frequency of visitation increased. This research provides conceptual clarity surrounding the intricate connection between motivations and tourist inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to examine undergraduate hospitality and tourism students' intentions toward environmental sustainability and to compare factors (knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and intentions) towards environmental sustainability among students in China and Thailand. A self-administered attitude questionnaire was used as the empirical data source (n = 785). The results of the study revealed that the factors of nationality, as well as year of study had a statistically significant relevance towards the students' intentions, wherein academic performance was not a significant factor. The findings are helpful for practitioners and educators alike. Moreover, the paper concludes with recommendations to provide institutions with guidance on how to tackle the outlined issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article estimates the impact of tourism on the nighttime economy drawing on panel data between 2005 and 2019 for Chinese 280 cities. Both tourist arrivals and tourism revenue have significant negative effects on nighttime economic development. Various rigorous robustness tests confirm the validity of this finding. In particular, the effect of tourist arrivals on the nighttime economy is significantly positive in Eastern and Western China and the period 2005-2009. On the contrary, tourism revenue still affects the nighttime economy negatively for different subsamples. Moreover, regional socioeconomic variables significantly weaken the negative effect of tourism on the nighttime economy. This paper is the first study of investigating the effects of tourism on the nighttime economy and the underlying moderating mechanisms, thus contributing significantly to the existing body of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network theory is having an important role in tourism research, which provides a useful lens for understanding the structures and interrelations among tourism destinations. This paper analyzes the structure of China's inbound tourist flow network (ITFN) in a dynamic view, from three levels: the global, the meso, and the individual, meanwhile the correlation between network structure and tourism performance is verified. The interpretation of ITFN structure has been divided into three meanings: the global-level metrics identify the holistic topology, the meso-level metrics are used to understand collaboration, and the individual-level metrics work for competitiveness assessing. China's case shows the ITFN has a small-world characteristic but gradually becomes weak, the collaboration clusters become more, and the difference of competitiveness among regions has amplified. Moreover, the small-world nature and individual competitiveness have positive impacts on tourism performance, but the correlation between performance and clustering coefficient is significantly negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first reviews the origins and development of tourism higher education in China, then elaborates on its present hierarchy of programs, regional distribution and mechanisms for operating schools. Based on an investigation, the paper also discusses the educational objectives, program setup, curriculum design, textbooks and reference materials. It summarizes the problems and challenges China's higher education studies in tourism are facing, and in conclusion, it explores development trends and offers suggestions for its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of China’s tourism industry. The threshold regression model is employed to conduct empirical tests of the nonlinear threshold effect of agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of tourism industry. The inter-provincial differences of various threshold effects and their possible causes are analyzed. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of China’s tourism industry is generally growing, while regional disparity is significant with a gradient decrease along the eastern-central-western regions. There is an obvious positive nonlinear relationship between tourism agglomeration and green innovation efficiency. It is also found that with the increase of agglomeration, its influence is at a high level. As the level of agglomeration crosses the first threshold, its impact is at a low level, and when it crosses the second threshold, the impact of tourism agglomeration is at an intermediate level. Finally, this paper proposes the basic path and some policy recommendations to promote the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the opening policy in 1978, China's tourism increasingly took relevance, up to become an important industry in the last two decades. Despite this, no analysis has been conducted at macroeconomic level to check both tourism industry interdependencies and wealth creation. To fill this gap, in this paper we elaborated an innovative conceptual model for the theory-based analysis of the tourism phenomenon in China, having the Keynesian macroeconomic theory as the background and using an SAM as the model accounting representation, and conducted an original, comprehensive methodological analysis of China's tourism industry. As the database, we used a purposively elaborated 2015 SAM for China with 19 industries, on whose basis we identified endogenous and exogenous accounts, set up an innovative impact multiplier model adjusted to them and conducted an economic analysis of tourism interdependencies never performed so far. Evidence shows that manufacturing, agriculture and trade industries provide a relevant support to tourism services production, and that tourism greatly contributes to value added/GDP and household income creation. Overall, tourism industry has direct policy management implications, representing a sector on which enterprises and government can profitably base their decisions, with exogenous tourism demand shocks positively activating China's economic system and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the spatial effects and influence mechanisms of the digital economy on high-quality tourism development in the Yangtze River Delta. It is found that the digital economy promoted high-quality tourism development with a spatial diffusion effect. The digital economy of cities in metropolitan and adjacent area contributed to high-quality tourism development. In non-metropolitan and non-adjacent areas, the lack of core city leadership and support of metropolitan policy are important factors that hinder the functioning of digital economy. Mediation effect model shows that the digital economy could drive high-quality tourism development by improving government efficiency and expanding market potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper compares the evolution of tourism space on Pingjiang Road and Shantang Street in China from the postmodern consumption perspective. It explains the inner logic of evolution with space production theory. Findings show that two historic quarters have been influenced by postmodern consumption in varying degrees. Pingjiang Road presented consumer culture and de-consumption culture simultaneously. While Shantang street showed the gradual increase of postmodern consumption's control over its tourism space. Capital, power, and subjects are crucial factors facilitating tourism spaces' evolution. Besides, evolutions can be illustrated by the triadic framework, representation of space, spatial practice, and space of representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the development of tourism policy and legislation in China. Based on this historical background and on interviews with 21 intermediaries in China, the paper presents a qualitative investigation of the impact of policy-making and legislation on long haul China outbound travel. The study seeks insights into the top-of-mind issues experienced by the intermediaries in relation to Chinese tourism legislation and policy-making. It generates insights about the concerns (or in some cases the lack thereof) of these intermediaries, regarding Chinese tourism policy and legislation. Some intermediaries are largely oblivious to and unconcerned about tourism legislation, while others have been impelled to undertake substantial changes to their business operations because of it. The Tourism Law of the People's Republic of China was found to be of little importance. This is especially the case when it is compared with the anti-corruption campaign and its intended or unintended impacts on China outbound tourism. Finally, the study reveals that in addition to official policy and legislation, tourism intermediaries are also affected by unofficial politically motivated decrees issued by the Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is increasingly influencing tourism policy and practice and there is a growing need to assess climate risk for destinations and the potential implications for global tourism demand patterns. Climate-dependent tourism markets, such as beach tourism, are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and understanding the future redistribution of tourism climate resources remains a gap in many world leading tourism regions. This paper presents the first climate change assessment of tourism climate resources in China. The Holiday Climate Index:beach (HCI:beach) and Holiday Climate Index:urban (HCI:urban) are calculated for 775 climate stations across China for the 1981–2010 baseline and mid and late-twenty-first century using projections from six CMIP5 Global Climate Models under low and high emission futures. The projected geographic and seasonal redistribution of tourism climate resources are advantageous for many climate-limited destinations but pose high heat risks for some major city destinations. The differential results for the HCI:beach and HCI:urban reinforce the importance of utilising market-specific indices to assess future climate risk. The results provide new decision-relevant climate information for tourism managers and destination planners throughout China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Tibetan Yubeng Village, located in southwest China, has become a hot spot for studying community tourism development in China's minority areas. Studies of Yubeng Village have been made on two tourism benefit distribution systems that are dominated by the community: the accommodation income distribution system and the caravan rotation system. Analysis and discussion of researchers are based on the formation, change, and influence of these two systems. However, different researchers have different interpretations of some fundamental facts, whether in terms of the time of the systems’ changes or in terms of the specific contents of such changes. Based on firsthand interview records and auxiliary secondhand materials obtained from field investigation, this study mainly takes “time of system change” as an example to discuss the reasons for these differences and advises that researchers should be more rigorous when facing those fundamental facts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes new models for analyzing the volatility and dependence of monthly tourist arrivals to China applying a copula-GARCH approach. A desegregation of the top six origins of China inbound tourists from the period January 1994 to December 2013 is used in this study. The empirical results show that there is a strong seasonal effect in all cases and ​​​​​​ some habit persistence on monthly tourist arrival growth rate for South Korea, Russia, the United States (US), and Malaysia. Second, the volatilities of arrival growth rates to China are impacted significantly by their own short- and long-run effects, except for Russia and South Korea. Only short-run shock affects Russian arrivals while only long-run shocks are affecting South Korea arrivals. Third, the conditional dependence among different source countries is found to be positive and significant, but the conditional dependence for all considered pairs is low. Moreover, there is extreme co-movement (tail dependence) between the six major tourism source countries, suggesting the pairwise of international tourist arrivals shows a related increasing or decreasing pattern during extreme events. Implications are discussed and recommendations provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Accounting for tourists' various needs, preferences, and behavioral patterns is critical for improved smart tourism planning. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates social media and agent-based modelling (ABM) to analyze tourist preference and simulate tourist decision-making. The proposed approach first uses social media to extract knowledge about tourist typologies and tourist preferences. The knowledge, together with that supplemented by questionnaire data, is used for developing an ABM that simulates tourist movements. The approach is applied for the planning of Zaolinwan Park in China. The case study suggests that the incorporation of social media could provide opportunities for an enriched understanding of tourist preference of potential customers and that the modelling of tourist movements can shed light on the planning of infrastructure (e.g., roads and alleys) and service facilities (e.g., food, shopping, and accommodation), which are essential to the functioning of tourism. While this study focuses on tourism planning, the presented method could be applied to other infrastructure and service planning scenarios at community and urban levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how bilateral distances shape Chinese enterprises' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in tourism in Belt and Road (B&R) countries. The results indicate that while geographic distance is not a key factor explaining the location choice of Chinese tourism OFDI in B&R countries, cultural distance hinders this location choice in a linear and monotonic way. Chinese enterprises prefer B&R countries with a short institutional distance from China for OFDI in tourism to avoid the "outsider disadvantage". Moreover, market scale is found to be a moderating factor influencing the impacts of various distances on tourism OFDI location choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to investigate the impacts of inter-city high-speed rail (HSR) on tourism arrivals by employing a novel data of check-ins generated from social media. This type of check-in data collected in a case study (Hangzhou, China) reveals its high correlation with tourism activities and is feasible to act as a proxy of real tourism arrivals. A nonlinear regression model is developed to discover the temporal redistribution of tourism arrivals caused by HSR on weekends and holidays. Results show that Nanjing-Hangzhou HSR can significantly raise the number of visitors from Nanjing with a growth of 29.44% on Saturdays and 41.72% on Sundays. Further analysis on hourly distribution of these check-ins on weekends detects early arrival on Friday nights and longer stay on Sunday afternoons after HSR operates. Moreover, negative effect of seasonal climate change on tourism is also alleviated by HSR. This paper verifies the effectiveness of social media check-in data in tourism research and proposes practicable methodologies to quantitatively analyse this type of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After nearly a half millennia of administration, in 1999 Portugal returned the city-state of Macau to the People's Republic of China, and the territory was designated a Special Administrative Region of the PRC under the "one country, two systems" regime. After the handover of sovereignty, the local government liberalized the city's casino gaming monopoly and opened the industry to foreign investment, and in the intervening years, Macau has been transformed into the world's most lucrative site of casino gaming. Today Macau is visited by more than 35 million annual tourists, the majority of whom are from mainland China, and whose travel to Macau is enabled by a special PRC exist visa called the Individual Visit Scheme. This paper analyzes velvet ropes which are positioned to manage queues of Chinese shoppers at the entrance to select retail outlets selling luxury branded fashion items in Macau's integrated casino resorts. With attention to the PRC's ongoing governmental efforts to deploy tourist mobilities in order to enhance the "quality" (suzhi) of select Chinese citizens in hopes that their consumption behaviors will contribute to domestic economic growth, the article explores the role of Macau's velvet rope apparatus in producing a post-socialist Chinese subject appropriate to China's economic reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A young herder in western China accidentally went viral on the internet and aroused public interests to visit his scenic hometown. The subsequent collaborations between the herder and destination marketers on social media made him an influencer and further boosted the surge of public travel interests. Drawing on big data analytics and natural language processing techniques, this paper conducted two studies. Study 1 has proved that the local tourism authority has successfully pivoted tourism marketing strategies from viral marketing to influencer marketing. Study 2 corroborated the positive effects of influencer attraction and government tourism promotion on public travel interests. The moderating role of public suspicions about the pandemic disruptions was also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a quantitative approach to investigate the determinants of Chinese maternity tourism (birth tourism) to Hong Kong with an Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) cointegration methodology with bounds testing of Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) over the period from 1991 to 2011. Specifically, this paper examines the joint effects of the right of abode of Chinese babies born in Hong Kong and the launch of Individual Visit Scheme for Mainland Chinese tourists on maternity tourism to Hong Kong. Empirical results show that persistent growth in income and appreciation of the Chinese yuan lead to a higher demand for maternity tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism efficiency in scenic areas is influenced by multi-factor joined effects, presenting multi-scale fluctuation characteristics in temporal terms and regional differences in spatial terms. This paper, by adopting the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Bootstrap-DEA model, calculates their tourism and decomposition efficiency. Then, based on methods of empirical mode decomposition, wavelet decomposition and Morlet wavelet multi-scale decomposition, the paper reveals the fluctuation characteristics, process and its spatial differentiation of tourism efficiency change in scenic areas from the perspective of the time–frequency domain, quantitatively investigating the important factors influencing its dynamic change, so as to summarize and refine the dynamic evolution models of tourism efficiency. Lastly, the mean generating function method is applied to conduct statistical prediction for scenic areas’ tourism efficiency in different regions, combined with the principal component method for regional integration, which provides an effective way for studying temporal–spatial differentiation characteristics of tourism efficiency change in scenic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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