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Given that eco-innovations and the associated renewal of regional economic structures are pivotal in addressing environmental challenges, regional research is increasingly focusing on their spatio-temporal dynamics. While green technological and industrial path developments in specific regions have received considerable attention, little effort has been made to derive general patterns of environmental inventive activities across regions. Drawing on unique data capturing both green incumbent and green start-up activities in the 401 German NUTS-3 regions over the period 1997–2018, this paper sheds light on how eco-innovation activities unfold in different regional contexts. For this purpose, we introduce sequence analysis methods into the research toolkit of research on regional development. These novel methods allow us to understand to what extent regions engage in eco-innovation activities, how these activities change over time and to what extent similar or unique eco-innovation trajectories (co)evolve. Based on this empirical approach, we distinguish different types of regional eco-innovation trajectories and find a strong persistence and path dependency in green regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Minister of Industries in Cuba between 1961 and 1965, Che Guevara addressed the challenge of increasing production and labour productivity in conditions of underdevelopment and in transition to socialism, without relying on capitalist mechanisms that undermine the formation of new consciousness and social relations integral to socialism. Under capitalism, Guevara noted, competition for private profit drives the application of science and technology to industrial development, revolutionising the productive forces. Socialist governments must find alternative methods. To these ends, Guevara set up nine research and development institutes, focussing on sugar cane derivatives, minerals and metals, the chemical industries, agricultural by-products, the mechanical industry, technological innovations, and automation. He established an institutional framework to begin experimentation at different ends of the production chain simultaneously. The short-term results were inevitably limited, but more significant than the productive achievements attained was the methodology introduced, the application of science and technology to production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconsiders the roles of actors in regional innovation systems in the context of transformative industrial change. Empirically, it draws on evidence from the Värmland region of Sweden, where regional innovation system actors, with partial funding from the Swedish Innovation Agency, are striving to build a bioeconomy upon the traditional forest-related industries. The main findings include that transformative industrial change adds a variety of responsibilities to regional actors, including the provision of change legitimacy, influencing the industry's innovation directionality and achieving social acceptance for change. A combined perspective on sociotechnical transitions and path development in regional innovation systems theoretically informs the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GHG emissions growth of Vietnam is highest all over the globe and the carbon intensity of this economy is considered second highest in Asian economies. As the energy intensity level is rising constantly, thereby, the predictions indicate that Vietnam will become highest GHG emission in the region. In order to address the issue, the current article aims to investigate the impact of green finance, technology advancement, energy efficiency, industrialization, and population growth on sustainable development in Vietnamese context. The time chosen for the study is 1991 to 2020. The study has used the Dynamic Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (DARDL) and the Bayesian Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (BARDL) model for data analysis. Findings exposed that green finance, technology advancement, REO, REC, industrialization, and population growth all are positively connected with sustainable development. The study guides the regulators in establishing regulations related to sustainable development through the adoption of green finance, energy, and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation platforms can be useful for promoting the diversification of regional industrial paths. Until recently, the literature had depicted such platforms primarily as a tool for enabling local knowledge recombination – and not for anchoring non-local knowledge. In many regions, however, 'smart specialisation strategies' for modernising and transforming industrial structures are difficult to implement without transplantation of non-local knowledge. This paper explores innovation platforms as a tool for anchoring non-local knowledge. We elaborate on recent Chinese experiences by studying diversification-oriented regional innovation policy in Guangdong province. We employ an embedded single-case study design, involving a regionally typical diversification strategy, which we substantiate by tracing platform development with two non-local actors, a university and a technology firm. The paper reveals that non-local actors can play an important role in unlocking regional industrial development potential, especially if platforms enable these actors to relate to local industry by performing desired intermediary functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green development efficiency has become an important research topic as many countries are striving to transform development model. This study conducts static measurement and dynamic decomposition analysis of the green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta in China using a DEA-Malmquist model. The result shows that the green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta is generally on an upward trend, but varies considerably within the region. Moreover, this study analyses the influencing factors and spatial effects of green development efficiency using the spatial Durbin model, which shows that there are obvious spatial correlations and spatial dependencies in the green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, and the influencing factors such as financial development and industrial structure have a positive effect on the city's green development efficiency and have a positive spillover effect on the surrounding areas. However, technological innovation has a negative spillover effect on green development efficiency. Finally, this study proposes to improve the regional coordination mechanism of green technological innovation, guide the development of financial agglomeration and leverage the spatial spillover effect. In addition, industry structure transformation should be further facilitated, and the development of advanced manufacturing clusters should be supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanarkshire led in the manufacture of agricultural implements and machines from the late eighteenth century onwards. Helped by natural resources, the early and rapid rise of industrialization and infrastructure, businesses created innovative products that were in demand. This paper investigates the makers of agricultural implements and machines in Lanarkshire, especially outside Glasgow, as innovators and leaders in the trade. It looks at their character, why they were innovative and the implements and machines they were renowned for. Although activity began from the late-eighteenth century, the primary focus is on the mid-nineteenth to the early-twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the dual-carbon era indicates that it is imperative to reduce industrial carbon emissions with high carbon emissions. The implementation of carbon emission reduction will inevitably have an impact on industrial development. Three different carbon emission scenarios were established. Based on the average annual carbon emission growth rate of the past decade, it is set as a medium carbon scenario. According to the economic development stage and actual social development situation of each region, the corresponding annual average carbon emission growth rate is increased and decreased to set up high carbon and low carbon scenarios. The adjacent accumulation gray multivariate model for industries is established based on different scenarios. The results indicate that the carbon emission scenarios most suitable for industrial development in various regions are different. Heavy industrial provinces and cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have the highest industrial output value under high carbon scenarios; Provinces and cities with high levels of industrialization, such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong and Chongqing have the highest industrial output value under low-carbon scenarios. The industrial output value of Hebei is expected to grow the fastest under the high carbon scenario, reaching 2.15 trillion yuan by 2030. The industrial output value of Guangdong achieves the greatest improvement under low-carbon scenario. It is expected that the industrial output value of which will reach 6.86 trillion yuan by 2030, ranking first in the country. Therefore, the setting of carbon emission scenarios needs to be tailored to local conditions, increase technological innovation efforts, and further promote industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial policy based on Smart Specialisation emphasizes the exploitation of industrial linkages based on technological rather than intermediate product linkages. This paper develops microlevel analysis using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) patent citation database on the intensity of technical relatedness depending on the cited and citing technological fields. The results are used to estimate the patterns of interregional knowledge spillovers in the European Union and explain spatial differences in patent growth. The approach to identifying spillovers provides an improved toolbox to guide implementation of Smart Specialisation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid raising ecological concerns, the role of sustainable financial system and emerging technologies have gained significant attention. And a relatively less attention has been given to these factors in emerging economies. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the effects of financial development and technology innovation on climate change (CO2 emissions) in Emerging Seven countries over the period 1980–2020. In doing so, we have adopted a dynamic panel data model, that is, generalized method of moments, where climate change is given as an endogenous function of financial development and technology innovation by controlling the effects of economic growth, trade openness, population, industrialization, and urbanization. The overall results exhibit that the direct effect of financial development on climate change is adverse; however, the indirect effect through moderation of technology innovation is significantly positive. These outcomes imply that technology innovation is imperative to neutralize the negative consequences of financial development on climate change. These findings advocate financial reforms that effectively encourage and incentivize firms to embrace efficient and environmental friendly technologies in the financial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents novel research on how exogenous shocks and economic crises affect innovation, knowledge networks, and new path development in regions. Conceptually, we take a regional innovation systems perspective which views new path development as the outcome of innovation and knowledge exchange between firms and other actors, facilitated by a common institutional framework. Empirically, we draw on interviews and network data from the oil and gas industry in southern Norway. Following a long period of prosperity, the industry was hit by the oil price shock in 2014 and entered an economic crisis. The findings suggest that the shock triggered the firms to commit even more forcefully to innovation and to expand their knowledge networks geographically. To cope with the crisis, they applied a variety of strategies, which can be associated with different forms of path development. We draw conclusions for innovation policy in the context of exogenous shocks and crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special issue of Innovation and Development on 'Building innovation capabilities for sustainable industrialization in Africa ... ', presents a series of articles on building local technological capabilities and their implications for formulating and implementing policies in Africa's industrialization agenda. Despite the high potential of Africa in advancing its industrialization mainly in resource-intensive sectors, progress remains low. Empirical evidence on the reasons for this problem is inadequate and patchy. Articles in this special issue address the gaps by delving into empirical issues ranging from sector-specific innovation capabilities to national systems of innovation. Based on first-hand data collected from South Africa, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and Rwanda, the articles unravelled key structural and systemic problems behind Africa's dismal progress in developing technological and industrial capabilities. Together, these articles advance our understanding of how to improve the effectiveness of innovations, industrial policies, and coordination for inclusive and sustainable industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agro-biotechnology deployment has been very slow in Africa, yet it has potential for enhancing sustainable development and industrialization. This paper attempts to understand the underlying factors that characterize the new technologies' deployment process. It takes buildup of innovation capabilities as the point of interrogation considering that very few products have received regulatory approval for large-scale commercialization in Africa. It uses Kenya's agro-biotech innovation system as a case study. The study finds that creating and accumulating innovation capabilities is much broader than research and development (R & D) capability and entails institutional capabilities that are needed to enhance biotech innovation that may lead to a sustainable industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge innovation is a key factor in industrial development and regional economic growth. Understanding regional knowledge innovation and its dynamic changes is one of the fundamental tasks of regional policy-makers and business decision-makers. Although many existing studies have been conducted to support in understanding knowledge innovation patterns, data-driven and intuitive visual analysis of georeferenced knowledge innovation has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, we analysed knowledge innovation by visually exploring big georeferenced scholarly data. More specifically, we first applied network analysis and statistical methods to derive key measures (e.g., the number of publications and academic collaborations) of knowledge innovation with multiple spatial scales. We then designed geovisualizations to explicitly represent the multiscale spatiotemporal patterns and relations. We integrated the analytical methods and geovisualizations into an interactive tool to facilitate stakeholders' visual learning and analysis of knowledge innovation with a spatial focus. Our work shows that geovisualizations have great potential in supporting complex geoinformation communication in knowledge innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is interested in the application of 'digital innovation' modes in an extended geographical economy setting, namely automotive industry process innovation. It is clear that challenging, complex and combinatory or 'crossover' knowledge issues arise periodically as competing system processes rise and fall in popularity with rivalrous automakers. This involves achieving the image if not the reality as 'digital twins' of prescience in marketing, monitoring and maintenance. These are all central elements of 'surveillance capitalism' facilitated by big data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning. Such combinations are envisioned and to varying degrees implemented in what Industry 4.0 advocates call the 'smart factory', but its critics call the 'lights out' or 'dark factory'. This is because of its potentially full automation and absence of humans. Brief conclusions follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the impact of technological changes brought in by the Fourth Industrial Revolution on local systems of industrial specialization. To do so we connect the Evolutional Economic Geography literature on regional diversification with the literature on systems change, notably the multilevel perspective (MLP) framework, expanding the latter with a place-based dimension enabling the application of technological transition to regional economies. Here, a local system's ability to transform rests on three capabilities: innovation capabilities, docking capabilities and translational capabilities. Building on these, we identify four transformative paths: an endogenous transformative path; a hyper-transformative path; an importation transformative path; and a regional obsolescence path. We stress that local systems are not locked into a particular pathway, with implications for place-based industrial policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation continues to play a fundamental role in disrupting many industries, but the impacts of digital innovation on accountancy and its effect on firms and individuals remain somewhat overlooked. Nevertheless, technological innovation is transforming accountancy work and business models as firms react to competition and regulatory restrictions. The analysis of sixty semi-structured interviews with UK accounting firms reveals how the adoption of new technology and alterations in regulations impacts on accounting practices. In turn, this research raises questions about the nature of professional occupations, the deskilling of accountancy and colonization of new service areas, challenging the extant conceptualisation of knowledge-intensive services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the notion of 'critical raw materials' has appeared as a political concept. The reliance on these raw materials is characterized by the ambivalence of enabling future development and indicating vulnerability posed by the risks of potential scarcity. In this paper, Haumann argues that the concept of 'criticality' can be extended to historical research on resource scarcity. It highlights the importance of the construction of value added chains, analysed as dynamic technological systems, as a background for the social reflection on scarcity. As an example, the paper analyses how the use of limestone became 'critical' when it was adopted as flux in iron- and steel-making during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, enabling unprecedented economic growth. It stresses the interrelation of the reflection on vulnerability and scarcity on the one hand and the dynamic (re-)construction of the technological system attuned to this material on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located at the Bolivian border in the Antofagasta region, Ollagüe saw the emergence of industrialisation and capitalist expansion through sulphur mining activities during the 20th century. This article presents both an historical synthesis and the industrial heritage of Ollagüe to show how the innovations in the sulphur mining technological system go hand in hand with the global economic context of the last century. Archaeological industrial heritage is approached here in terms of continuity and ruptures; in other words, as a constant pendulum movement of technological innovations and production challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse and compare the patent collaboration networks of Spain and Sweden during the Second Industrial Revolution, a key period for technological and industrial development in several economies and the distinct development paths taken by these two countries. The data used are from two new historical patent datasets for Spain and Sweden for the period 1878–1914. To study the structure of collaboration networks in both countries, we applied social network analysis methods and focused on two specific key network properties: connectivity and openness to external nodes. The results demonstrate that collaboration networks were better connected and more open to foreign influence in Sweden than in Spain. This research opens new paths for further multidisciplinary studies both on the evolution of industrial economies and on innovation networks dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides, a cliometric analysis on the impact of steam engine technology on the rise of adult education in nineteenth-century France. We exploit exogenous regional variations in the distribution of steam engines across France to evidence that technological change significantly contributed to the development of lifelong training during the 1850–1881 period. Our research shows that steam technology adoption in France was not deskilling. We argue that this process raised the demand for new skills adapted to the development of French industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past few decades, there has been growing attention paid towards evolutionary economic geography (EEG) perspectives, methodologies, and concepts in various disciplines such as geography, urban studies, and regional science. In order to better understand the development of EEG studies, this paper employs multiple bibliometric analyses. Specifically, it examines the temporal evolution of keyword co-occurrence network and the reference co-citation network of EEG publications during the last few decades to reveal the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of EEG publications, scholarly communication, research fronts, and intellectual structure of the scientific field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A project by SCAPE, NAS, and local volunteers at Newshot Island on the Clyde near Glasgow has documented an important ships graveyard dating to the early 20th century. The vessels tell the story of the creation of the Clyde Navigation, represent a significant aspect of the river's history, and exemplify the technological and industrial development of the region. The survey and research revealed that the remains on site include the earliest diving support vessel known to have been recorded, and has resulted in the designation of the remains as a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the evolving role of service sectors in relation to manufacturing activities within local systems of production and it discusses whether issues related to spatial proximity have shaped the value chains of manufacturing activities. Territorial servitization is defined here as the symbiotic recoupling between services and manufacturing that impacts on their relative value creation contribution to both value chains and consumers. The paper presents empirical evidence from the UK by means of employment data at the NUTS-2 level and by five-digit sector level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the core drivers of industrial development and a critical factor in promoting the integration of emerging technologies, such as graphic processing unit, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and the blockchain, in the new generation of big data and Industry 4.0. In this paper, we construct an extensive survey over the period 1961-2018 of AI and deep learning. The research provides a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners through the multi-angle systematic analysis of AI, from underlying mechanisms to practical applications, from fundamental algorithms to industrial achievements, from current status to future trends. Although there exist many issues toward AI, it is undoubtful that AI has become an innovative and revolutionary assistant in a wide range of applications and fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech by Shrimati Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, delivered at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden on June 5-16, 1972. She stresses that pollution is not a technical problem but it is due to science and technology. She discusses the industrial development that is happening in her country.

The article addresses the problem faced by developing countries in applying scientific and technological innovation to achieve economic growth. It cites the problems of developing countries in meeting the requirements of such innovations, such as the number of people with technical skills and knowledge on science and technology. According to the author, developing countries can effectively use technology and science in achieving economic progress through the establishment of an institution that would formulate problems and organizational instrument to find applicable solution to the problem.

The article reflects the views of the author on the world development. The author believes that the changes which are taking place in the world are brought by the upsurge of science and technology and by the spread of industrial civilization. He notes that the enormous revolution is characterized primarily by rapid technological change. He cites industrial-scientific revolution, and believes to have had profound effects upon human populations. Results of innovations made by man over his environment is also cited by the author.

The article focuses on the balance between the needs and the achievements of underdeveloped countries. According to economic experts, sociologists, and natural scientists, the needs of developing countries are falling farther behind, as their needs grow faster than their achievements. Irrespective of political views and the countries they come from, almost all of them agree that these countries must have capital from abroad. Some say that without this capital the underdeveloped countries will not be able to avoid the horrors of the Soviet industrialization, with all that would mean to them and to the tensions of this coldly coexisting world.

The article discusses the role of automatized industrial processes in economic growth. The author observes that many operations in industry, commerce and services are enjoying improvement in their efficiency with the application of automation processes. However, underdeveloped economies may experience difficulty in terms of transitioning to automation processes. Some of the problems in the early stages of development are the lack of capital to buy the necessary equipment, scarcity of skilled labor and well-trained engineers and applied scientists.

Western society is well embarked Oil the transition from the industrial to the post-industrial era. The structures of the industrial organization, in particular, are growing increasingly dysfunctional because they stand at the confluence of changes involving technology, social values, the economic environment, organizational design, job design and the practices of management. Unless their managers can adapt, these industries will be the first to be hit by crisis and massive dislocation. However, theoretical and practical studies in ' socio-technical systems ', under way in England, Norway and the United States during the last 20 years, suggest ways in which production organizations can fit themselves to the new characteristics inherent in the post-industrial field. In such a modified environment, jobs will be characterized by greater autonomy, adaptability, variety and participation. In return, workers will offer a higher degree of commitment to the job and the organization. Several examples and case studies are cited to support and illustrate the socio-technical approach to organizational design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex product systems (CoPS) industries largely contribute to industrial development, economic growth and creation of national wealth in both developed and developing economies. CoPS also show a number of specific characteristics as a distinctive category of industrial products in comparison with mass-produced consumer goods. These aspects have attracted the attention of scholars to study CoPS over the last two decades, resulting in a fairly extensive body of literature on the subject. However, there is a further need to connect research findings in this area, to illustrate a macro view of the development in the field, explore common themes, and identify possible paths into the future. This study aims to contribute to these ends by: (i) exploring the quantitative aspects of the CoPS literature; (ii) illustrating topical classification of CoPS studies and their findings; and (iii) suggesting opportunities for future research through examining common trends and unresolved issues in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the roles of institutions in facilitating or impeding the creation of new technological pathways in different countries. It is argued that the successful invention, innovation and diffusion of new technologies require the co-evolution of relevant institutions. It is argued that informal institutions, through their impact on people's beliefs, perceptions and consequential behaviour, crucially influence whether formal institutions coevolve with technological development and changing circumstances. At the same time, the rigidity of the pre-existing formal institutional arrangements impacts on whether agents can stimulate their co-evolution with the introduction of new technologies. These arguments are explored by comparing the creation of new wind power technologies in Britain and Germany since the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present paper studies the relationship between the industrial development environment (IDE) and the innovation efficiency (IE) of China’s high-tech industry. First, drawing upon insights from research on regional innovation systems and sectoral innovation systems, the paper proposes a definition of the IDE within which China’s high-tech industry exists. Then, by a factorial analysis, three main components reflecting the IDE are obtained: regional development conditions, regional consumption potential, and interactions between innovation actors. Furthermore, the impacts of various facets of the IDE on three kinds of IE are investigated through the DEA-Tobit regression approach. Based on the results, our analysis can provide information for policymakers to create a favourable environment for China’s high-tech industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial clusters have become a crucial carrier of economic globalisation. However, constrained by the nation’s industrial development model, clusters in China have long been relegated to a low-end position. This study, based on the perspective of focal enterprises, analysed the relationships among network relations, enterprise learning, and the evolution of cluster innovation networks and explored the three formation stages of a cluster innovation network by examining the example of the Yuyao plastics industry cluster. The results showed (1) that focal enterprises exert spin-off effects on enterprise learning and are critical for innovation networking and (2) that weak network ties facilitate exploratory learning, whereas strong ties influence exploitative learning. In addition, tie strength showed a coevolutionary feature. Furthermore, the results showed that (3) this evolutionary process demonstrated a phase-changing characteristic, with government policy exhibiting substantial effects on focal enterprises, organisational learning mechanisms, and cluster innovation networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper provides theoretical bases and a framework to describe the incremental process of macro-level innovation policy-making for emerging industry in China and the role of government–business (G–B) interactions in generating policy-making evidence. By analyzing the decision-making processes of three macro-level innovation policies for the Internet of Things as a mode of industry development, the paper finds that the macro-level innovation policy-making resulted from a gradual sub-issue solving in each of several sub-processes. The specific micro-level policy tools are formed and implemented through G–B interactions to generate evidence, and these processes are gradual and incremental, helping policy-makers to overcome the high levels of uncertainties in emerging industry development. Five interactive approaches in this research are identified: inspections, investigations, soft lobbying, conferences, and cooperation. The patterns of interactions vary with the nature of the innovation policies. Our findings contribute to the evidence-based policy-making perspective, by clarifying the innovation policy-making sub-process and the evidence-generating mechanism of G–B interactions in dealing with emerging industry development uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the impact of automation on the society particularly in the U.S. It is stated that automation is part of the larger process of social change which has been going on in human society since its inception and it has had an enormous impact on the production, communication and scientific investigation. The paper emphasizes that since automation represents the highest development to technology, it is inevitable that industries will move in its direction. It discusses the relation of automation to other technologies and how technology is related to the organization of society.

Several previous studies have investigated the effects of creativity and knowledge on innovation, both of them being considered prerequisites of innovation. However, the relationship among the different variables can be confusing due to redundant causality. In this paper, we study the influence of the mediating effect of creativity between breadth of knowledge (diverse sources of knowledge) and innovation by developing a conceptual model, and then test it on the Spanish ceramic cluster of Castellón. Empirical findings show that creativity is the mechanism through which the different sources of knowledge influence innovation. The implications of these results in relation to creativity, knowledge and innovation theory and practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines critically the literature on industrial policy, regional production specialization, global production sharing, global value chains and global production networks to analyse technological capability development in clothing, automotive and semiconductor firms in China and Southeast Asia. Host-site institutional support and regional production linkages were identified as having a strong influence on firm-level technological capabilities. The article then provides the justification and the structure of the automotive, clothing and semiconductor industries, which are characterized by strong international division of labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is motivated by the notion of technological interdependence to understand technological change and learning in the context of Taiwan's quest for industrial upgrading and innovation. A distinctive feature of Taiwan's postwar economic development was decentralized industrialization, which gave rise to a system of production networks consisting of numerous small- and medium-enterprise parts makers and processing specialists who focused on intermediate input instead of final product. Contrary to the latecomer literature that stresses lead/large firms in driving technological learning, this article, through an in-depth case study of Taiwan's bicycle manufacturing, argues that breakthroughs were accomplished at the intermediate level by parts makers in the system of decentralized production. Thus, technological interdependence through cross-industry learning accounts for the parts makers' learning. The article then illustrates the process of technological change and diffusion through the adaptation and application processes of entrepreneurs and bicycle manufacturers in commercializing new technologies. This article contributes to STS studies by introducing the industrial dynamics and structural dimensions of entrepreneurs' and manufacturers' learning to open the black box of technological change and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation is considered as being one of the major driving forces in fostering economic growth. However, in the current economic situation, where matters related to environmental protection and conservation play a key role, technological innovation can also be used as a driver of new production alternatives to reduce the harmful impacts of industrial development on society and nature. Within this context, this paper aims to analyze, through econometric tools, the relationship between investments in technological innovation and the sustainable development of G7 and BRICS countries. The results demonstrate that for the BRICS group, technological innovation has been significant for the three pillars of sustainable development. However, for the G7 group, technological innovation was considered significant only for social development, showing no statistical significance for economic and environmental development. The results indicate that technological innovation can cause different types of impacts, depending on the development stage of the analyzed country or region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Territorial innovation models and policy practices traditionally tend to associate the emergence, resurgence and growth of start-ups with the development of local industries, either as industrial pioneers or as innovative spinoffs embedded in a regional production system. This approach is in line with a “life cycle” pattern of innovation and of industrialization marked by sequential waves of growth and decline, by technological renewal and by sectorial transitions. In a knowledge and financial economy characterized by combinatorial knowledge dynamics, by even shorter project-based innovations and by global financial and production networks, this approach is called into question. Through the case of Swiss medical technologies (Medtech), this paper highlights how local medtech start-ups' evolution is shaped, from its early phase on, by the corporate venture strategies of multinational companies. While the economic potential of start-ups was traditionally perceived in a longer run, they seem to be more often “born to be sold” today. New research avenues and policy issues are finally derived from this particular case to address territorial innovation and competitiveness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil’s political-economic structure has rapidly evolved over the past decade, shedding its shallow policy alignment with neoliberalism of the 1990s. Brazil’s large, diversified industrial base was painfully constructed over the course of the twentieth century. A major and sustained political realignment, which began in 2003, has resulted in two essential thrusts in development policy: (i) a “growth with equity” strategy that has dramatically reduced poverty and inequality; and (ii) a state-led “industrial policy” designed to upgrade manufacturing and direct the accumulation process toward specific sectors, highlighting and consolidating the National Innovation System (NIS). Nonetheless, as a result of the commodity boom that swept through Latin America, Brazil’s natural resource sector achieved outsized growth from 2002 to 2012. One result has been a shift toward resource intensive activities and a broad opening to low-cost Chinese manufactures. Utilizing an institutionalist framework and method, this article analyzes the cohesion of the NIS and the emergence of the “deindustrialization” debate. Also, it assesses the instrumental nature of the “growth with equity” strategy. The article hypothesizes the viability of an endogenous “neo-developmentalist” strategy, while acknowledging the emergence of fundamental exogenous forces and structural ceremonial/institutional factors that have impeded the consolidation of a Brazilian social structure of accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Industry life-cycle research on firm survival often tests the effects of innovativeness, entry timing, and experience from related industries. However, findings on how these effects change over different stages of the life cycle are scarce. To fill this gap, we perform a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on a data-set of 58 video game device producers in six product generations. We find that innovation provides a consistent survival advantage only in the mature stage of the life cycle. We also find that experience accumulated within the industry loses its value in the mature stage, and the advantage shifts tode alioentrants only after shake-out. These findings are discussed relating to technological uncertainty, the role of internal and external knowledge, and the construction of sufficient technological performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology not only enables further technical and scientific advancement of existing technologies, but also creates new technology and imposes drastic impact on industries and economy. Moreover, through the implementation of nanotechnology initiatives, advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology promise to have a major impact on the society in the coming decades. Among the expected breakthroughs are an order of magnitude increase in device efficiency and emergence of entirely new phenomena in physics, chemistry and biology. Thus, many exciting prospects for new scientific knowledge, more efficient and higher quality products and technological innovations will soon be available and implemented. The NanoMalaysia Programme (2011–2020) with its strategic initiatives and action plans in various areas of nanotechnology in Malaysia is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reviews, for the first time, the archaeology of the entire length of the Bridgewater Canal, one of the iconic monuments of the British Industrial Revolution. It seeks to review two decades of piecemeal fieldwork along the length of the canal, from Runcorn to Worsley, before looking at the evidence for the construction of the canal, including the aqueducts, embankments, and warehouses. The study then goes on to look at the technological impact of the canal. It concludes by assessing the Bridgewater in its international context and setting out a research agenda for its future study as a linear transport monument of the Industrial Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An online brand community (OBC) is one of the most important sources of creativity in modern times. While there is substantial evidence concerning both OBCs and creativity, there remains little understanding of how new product creativity is enhanced in an OBC. The results of a survey of 208 paired usable questionnaires (from each firm's NPD executive and OBC member), reveal that before interacting with creativity capabilities, a creative climate of OBCs can only impact meaningfulness of new product creativity. However, the interaction of a creative climate of OBCs and creativity capabilities has direct impact on both novelty and meaningfulness of new product creativity. Our findings suggest that firms' creativity capabilities can act as an enhancer of the creative climate of OBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can we identify whether innovation processes in an organisation, a region or a sector are stagnating? Moreover, how can we assess the degree of innovation stagnation? These are issues at the core of the management of innovation literature, and the challenge of how to answer these questions in real time remains a problem yet to be solved, particularly in cases where innovation is highly expected. Most path-dependence studies observe the degree of ‘innovativeness’ in novelty creation and analyse path-dependence and path-creation phenomena after the fact, relegating the actors to grasping at the lessons learned rather than providing them with a real-time diagnosis of their specific situation. However, in some lock-in situations where the demand for innovation is high – we label these as orphan innovation situations – characterising the paths that are potential candidates for path-creation can be critical for the development of the industrial sector. With the goal of assessing path-dependence in real time, we develop a framework to visualise three types of innovation pathways (those explored, those not explored but visible in the present innovation field, and those potential pathways that are unknown in the present innovation field). Using C-K design theory as a conceptual framework, we go further and apply this framework to two case studies to explore its utility as a reference for assessing the degree of innovativeness for a field of innovation. We then explore the framework's potential to provide strategic intelligence to break out of stagnant situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How has industrial restructuring and technological upgrading in South Korea undertaken in the post-crisis era impacted on the state's capacity to guide strategic industry development? The latest reincarnation of the ‘end of the developmental state’ thesis proposes that industry policies are losing their strategic long-term oriented character due to the state's lack of legitimacy to play a guiding role after the economic recovery. I test this view in light of the Korean state's role, since the early 2000s, in the promotion of a new mobile communications software standard known as the Wireless Internet Platform for Interoperability (WIPI). I argue that the Korean state retains a strategic long-term approach to techno-industrial governance. The argument is developed through examining how bureaucratic actors gained the legitimacy to challenge Qualcomm, the strategy involved in promoting WIPI, and how the bureaucracy supported domestic firms under an increasingly open international trading environment. The findings reveal the state's ability to renew its legitimacy to play a developmental role through re-articulating policy goals from catching-up to nurturing innovation. Furthermore, the state has experimented with new forms of cooperation between government and business to nurture the growth of new infant technological growth sectors such as telecommunications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the inherent evolutionary mechanism of continuous innovation of high-tech industrial clusters based on an S-curve model. Moreover, the relationship between life cycle of continuous innovation and high-tech industrial cluster is examined to explore the evolutionary mechanism of each development stage of high-tech clusters. The paper finds that the life cycle of continuous innovation of clusters lags behind the life cycle of clusters. The findings reveal that the evolution of continuous innovation is driven by different factors. Therefore, policies should be made based on different driving factors of clusters, and varied according to the different evolutionary stages of clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]