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As individuals are likely to feel anxious in case of obscurities in distance education environments, it seems necessary to develop a data collection tool for anxiety in such environments. In this study, a scale was developed to reveal the anxiety levels of university students in distance education. Quantitative research method was used in the study. The study group consisted of 935 students in the first sample for exploratory factor analysis and 418 students in the second sample for confirmatory factor analysis including those who previously experienced distance education. After the validity and reliability were ensured in the study, the final version of the anxiety scale for distance education (ASDE) consisted of a total of 17 items and three dimensions. These dimensions were listed as readiness for the profession anxiety, social anxiety and privacy concern. Furthermore, to establish the concurrent validity, the Online Privacy Concern Scale and Anxiety subscale of Brief Symptom İnventory are administered to 219 and 197 students in the third and fourth samples as a criterion scale. The results of the analysis show that the ASDE is a reliable and valid measurement tool in determining the anxiety levels of university students in distance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) in an Ethiopian context. Data were obtained from 202 women with a child less than 1 year of age. Narrow standard deviations characterized responses to most BIMF items, but a handful of items had wider standard deviations associated with bimodality. Most interitem correlations were < |.15|, and 13 of the 20 BIMF items did not load satisfactorily on any factor in exploratory factor analyses. Two factors emerged from the remaining items, one with three items and the other with four. Although poor reliability results relating to internal (interitem) and temporal consistency could be attributed to limited variability in the data, a number of concerns are raised about the BIMF itself, including its content validity, instructions, response options, and usefulness in healthcare settings. Suggestions are made for improving the assessment of maternal functioning in Ethiopia and other contexts. More generally, this research demonstrates that researchers should not assume that the psychometric properties and appropriateness of scales will remain robust when those scales are used in contexts that differ from the contexts in which they were created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS-23). Based on a mixed method design researchers generated item pool through qualitative data and literature review and next, 500 women ages 40 to 69 years completed the questionnaire. Based on exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis, 23 items, researchers revealed eight domains of fate and destiny, breast conflict, defense avoidance, inconveniences/difficulties of mammography screening, contrasting/competing priorities, fear, distrust of mammography, and lack of knowledge with appropriate fitness for the data. PBMS-23 is valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived barriers of mammography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and test MyPL, a questionnaire that measures self-reported physical literacy (PL) among children and adolescents. First, the item pool was developed and adapted, and face validity was tested with cognitive interviewing. Then, factor structures were identified through multidimensional scaling and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 951 children (ages 7–13). Then, the identified models were tested using confirmatory factor analyses CFA) within a sample of 2861 children (ages 7–12) and a sample of 1518 children (ages 13-15). Finally, measurement invariance and predictive validity were investigated. CFA showed that the identified physical activity (PA) environment-based models fitted better with the data than the domain-derived model. Reliability analyses showed that the internal consistency of the total PL scale was good and that, the reliability of the identified scales, except the cognitive scale, of the two models based on PA environments was satisfactory. Additionally, MyPL also showed measurement invariance across gender. This study suggests that the type of PA and the environment in which PA occur is important to consider when designing PL measurement tools. This study indicated that MyPL can be used to measure children and young people's PL in large surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many assessment tools have been proposed for use in clinical practice and research on individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It aimed to translate the Fonseca Anamnestic Index into Turkish (FAI/T) and examine the responsiveness, reliability and validity of the FAI/T in this study. Two hundred forty-nine individuals (207 female/42 male) with TMD were included in this study according to the RDC/TMD (muscle disorders, disc displacement, arthralgia and mixed disorders (muscle disorders and disc displacement)). Reliability was evaluated with test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and reproducibility. Validity was assessed with structural validity, construct validity, content validity, and face validity. In addition, responsiveness and floor and ceiling effects were also examined. The ICC value (0.906) and Cronbach's α (0.951) of the (FAI/T) were excellent. Following Explarotary Factor Analysis, two factors were extracted, accounting for 51.859% of the total variation. Structural validity, construct validity, content validity, and face validity analyses proved the validity of the FAI/T. The responsiveness analysis showed that the Turkish FAI and its subscales were able to detect change over time. The FAI/T has shown excellent reliability and good validity. The FAI/T can assess the symptoms of Turkish-speaking persons with TMD. Clinical Trials registration number: NCT04274985 Turkish version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index has been translated into Turkish from English version. Turkish version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index has excellent reliability and good validity. The Turkish version of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index and its subscales are able to detect change over time. Turkish clinicians and researchers could easily use the Turkish version of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index to assess the Turkish population with temporomandibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). A cross-sectional, instrument development and the psychometric testing study was conducted. A 23-item self-report Self-Care of Stroke Inventory with 3 separate scales was developed. This study involved three stages: (a) Initial items generation; (b) Content and face validation; (c) Psychometric properties evaluation. The SCSI was validated by content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. From the initial 80-item pool, 24 items of 3 scales in the SCSI were retained by the expert consultation and item analysis. The scale's content validity was 0.976, 0.966, and 0.973. The EFA showed the total variance explained by the 3 scales of the SCSI were 73.417%, 74.281%, and 80.207%, respectively. The models of the 3 scales identified by EFA were all confirmed by the CFA. The SCSI scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Cronbach's αs were 0.830, 0.930, and 0.831. Test-retest reliability of the SCSI was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945, 0.907, and 0.837. The final 23-item SCSI presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore the self-care of stroke in community settings. This study developed and validated the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). The SCSI contains the following 3 scales: the Self-care Maintenance of Stroke scale, the Self-care Monitoring of Stroke scale, and the Self-care Management of Stroke scale The 23-item SCSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The SCSI may be used to develop future programmes to promote self-care for stroke survivors and improve their rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) is the most widely used instrument for assessing alexithymia, with more than 25 years of research supporting its reliability and validity. The items that compose this scale were written to operationalize the components of the construct that are based on clinical observations of patients and thought to reflect deficits in the cognitive processing of emotions. The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) is a recently introduced measure and is based on a theoretical attention-appraisal model of alexithymia. An important step with any newly developed measure is to evaluate whether it demonstrates incremental validity over existing measures. In this study using a community sample (N = 759), a series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted that included an array of measures assessing constructs closely associated with alexithymia. Overall, the TAS-20 showed strong associations with these various constructs to which the PAQ was unable to add any meaningful increase in prediction relative to the TAS-20. We conclude that until future studies with clinical samples using several different criterion variables demonstrate incremental validity of the PAQ, the TAS-20 should remain the self-report measure of choice for clinicians and researchers assessing alexithymia, albeit as part of a multi-method approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ-TR). Included in this study were 248 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) according to Diagnostic Criteria for TMD Axis I protocol. Construct-related validity was evaluated through internal and external construct validity; convergent and divergent validities were evaluated by the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and bivariate correlations between factors. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. All items of the MFIQ-TR had content validity and factor loadings above 0.5. The model statistics indicated a good fit. The convergent validity was very good (AVE > 0.5 and CR > 0.7), and the discriminant validity was satisfied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MFIQ-TR were excellent. The MFIQ-TR is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the impairment of mandibular function in Turkish patients with TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoception refers to the processing of internal bodily states and plays a critical role in motivational processes and behaviours. Instruments for assessing its subjective components (i.e., interoceptive sensibility) during childhood are crucially needed. Thus, in this study, we adapted and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) in a sample of Italian children. The SAQ language was revised, and 239 children, ranging in age from 7 to 13 years, completed the adapted questionnaire (SAQ-C). A two-factor solution (visceral and somatosensorial domains) with 24 items showed the best fit of the data. The reliability was good. Convergent validity was fair, and the results indicated good discriminant validity. Moreover, correlational and regression analyses showed that interoceptive sensibility, particularly that associated with visceral sensations, increased with age. Current findings provide preliminary evidence that the SAQ-C may be a reliable and valid tool for assessing interoceptive sensibility in middle childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The QUAlity of Life Assessment in Spina bifida (QUALAS) for adults (QUALAS-A) evaluates the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), reflecting the condition specificity of adults with spina bifida (SB). The study's purpose was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the QUALAS-A into Korean and validate a Korean-modified version of the QUALAS for Young Adults (QUALAS-YA-Km). Face and content validity were evaluated in the pilot study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were confirmed in the main study. Factor analysis was performed, and convergent and divergent validity was verified using the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Forty-seven adults had myelomeningocele. Five items with low communality were deleted through the factor analysis, and the domains were renamed. The QUALAS-YA-Km showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.73–0.83) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.84–0.89). The QUALAS-YA-Km showed good convergent and divergent validity, with weak to strong correlations with the WHOQOL-BREF. Developed with consideration of Korea's cultural characteristics, the QUALAS-YA-Km is a convenient and reliable instrument, with good internal consistency, stability, and construct validity. This can be a useful tool in clinical and research settings for HRQOL optimization in young adults with SB. Optimizing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is one of the goals of people with spina bifida (SB), which requires HRQOL measurements that reflect the condition specificity of SB The QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Adults (QUALAS-A) is a self-reported HRQOL questionnaire for adults with SB developed in the United States, which is used in research and clinical practice The present study revealed that the Korean modified version of the QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Young Adults (QUALAS-YA-Km), developed in consideration of the cultural characteristics of Korea, is a valid, convenient, and reliable tool The QUALAS-YA-Km, is a useful tool that can be used in clinical and research settings for HRQOL optimization in adults with SB [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive activity questionnaires could provide insight into neurocognitive reserve. The Lifetime Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (LCAQ) assesses cognitive activities at four stages of life. The Modified Current Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (CCAQ) assesses current cognitive activities. We examined the construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and stability of these questionnaires throughout the Brain in Motion (BIM) study and their relationship with cognitive performance. The LCAQ, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and neuropsychological battery were administered at the initial pre-intervention and six-year follow-up. The CCAQ was administered at five timepoints. Construct validity of the CCAQ/LCAQ was assessed using proxies of cognitive engagement (educational attainment and the North American Adult Reading Test [NAART]). Cronbach alpha analysis determined internal consistency. LCAQ reliability was established by comparing the pre-intervention and six-year follow-up. CCAQ reliability was determined by comparing both pre-intervention assessments, correlations throughout BIM determined stability. A multiple linear regression investigated the associations between cognitive engagement and cognitive domains derived from a principal component analysis. MoCA scores at the initial pre-intervention (27.49 ± 1.46) and six-year follow up (26.53 ± 2.08). The LCAQ and CCAQ correlated with educational attainment and the NAART. The LCAQ (n = 266) produced an alpha of 0.90 (20 items). The CCAQ (n = 261) resulted in an alpha of 0.71 (25 items). LCAQ scores (n = 94) at the initial pre-intervention and six-year follow-up were correlated. CCAQ (n = 94) scores at the initial pre-intervention correlated with scores at all five other timepoints. The multiple linear regression revealed associations between the CCAQ and verbal memory/attention. The NAART was associated with processing speed, concept formation, and verbal memory/attention. In the absence of cognitive decline, these questionnaires exhibit significant construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and the CCAQ displayed stability. The NAART and CCAQ were associated with neuropsychological performance. Our findings support future use of these questionnaires and exemplify the neuroprotective role of cognitive engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clinical Assessment of Modes questionnaires (CAMQs) determine clients' preferential modes for therapy (CAM-C1), clients' perception of modes used by the occupational therapist (OTs) during therapy (CAM-C2), or modes the OTs believed to have used (CAM-T). Access to valid CAMQs for Danish OTs and clients required a rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process. To translate and culturally adapt the CAMQs into Danish, examining face validity in a Danish context. A 10-step guideline for the process of translating and culturally adapting questionnaires was followed. Steps 1–6 included translation into Danish, steps 7–8 involved cognitive debriefing interviews and validation based on the Content Validity Index (CVI) analyzed using Kappa statistics. Steps 9–10 finalized the process. CAMQs were translated into Danish. Based on cognitive debriefing interviews and CVIs involving 15 clients and 7 OTs, modifications regarding titles, layouts, instructions, wording and response categories were performed in all Danish CAMQs. The Item CVI and the modified kappa revealed that most participants had a high level of agreement on the cultural relevance. Translated versions of the CAMQs have been culturally adapted into Danish. The current Danish versions seem culturally relevant and useable in Danish occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-leg into Korean (K-LYMQOL-leg) and test its reliability and validity. The LYMQOL-leg was translated forward and backward from English to Korean. Fifty-five patients with lower limb lymphedema completed the K-LYMQOL-leg and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) at the first visit, and the K-LYMQOL-leg was re-administered within a week. Reliability was tested by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Cronbach's alpha for each domain. Face validity was evaluated, and concurrent validity was verified by comparing the K-LYMQOL-leg domain scores with the corresponding EORTC-QLQ-C30 and limb volume scales. The known-group construct validity was then assessed. Excellent reliability was confirmed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.851–0.878) and test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.901–0.936) in the four domains. A significant correlation was confirmed in the appearance domain with limb volume (r = 0.424) and in the other domains [function, symptom, and mood], with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 scales (r = −0.779, 0.712, and −0.783). Known-group validity was confirmed in all four domains. The K-LYMQOL-leg verified in this study can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with lymphedema or in research as an outcome. Among cancer treatment-related complications, lymphedema of the lower extremities severely and persistently reduces the health-related quality of life of cancer survivors. The Korean version of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-leg (K-LYMQOL-leg) is an easy, reliable and valid questionnaire for patients with lower limb lymphedema. K-LYMQOL-leg will be useful in assessing the quality of life of patients with lower limb lymphedema in a clinical setting or for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypnotherapy is used in clinical settings to treat mental and physical health-related conditions. Hypnotic response can be measured through hypnotizability scales to help interventionists personalize treatment plans to suit the patients' individualized hypnotic abilities. Examples of these scales are the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale (EHS) and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C). According to the previous literature, these scales have good discriminating ability and internal consistency (α = 0.85) in collegiate samples, but the psychometric properties of the EHS for a targeted clinical population have not been determined yet. This study assessed said properties, and results showed adequate reliability of the EHS in a targeted clinical sample and strong convergent validity of the EHS to the SHSS:C. The authors conclude that the EHS is a strong and useful measure of hypnotizability that is pleasant, safe, brief, and sensible to individualities in hypnotic ability found in diverse clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index into Greek (WORC-GR) and evaluate its reliability and validity in a Greek speaking population with rotator cuff (RC) disorders. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation process followed published guidelines. Content and face validity were assessed by 9 experts and 16 patients with RC pathologies, respectively. Internal structure, reliability, measurement error, and convergent validity (correlation with the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand – DASH, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index – SPADI, and Short Form-36) of the index were evaluated in 104 participants (44.2% women, mean age ± SD: 44.9 ± 15.01 years) with RC related pain. The WORC-GR showed excellent item and scale content validity index (0.875–1.00 and 0.975, respectively), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha range 0.749 − 0.903) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.942, 95% CI: 0.913–0.961). Factorial validity testing revealed a 4-factor structure explaining 69.7% of the total variance. High positive correlations were found with DASH (r = 0.806) and SPADI (r = 0.852). WORC-GR is a reliable and valid instrument to assess symptoms in patients with RC disorders. Further research on the content validity, internal structure, and responsiveness of the tool is required. The Greek version of WORC (WORC-GR) is a clear and comprehensible patient reported outcome measure. WORC-GR has excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability and with no floor and ceiling effects. WORC-GR is a valid outcome measure for patients with rotator cuff disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mystical experiences triggered by psychedelic drugs predict symptom reduction in various psychiatric disorders, and increased well-being in healthy individuals. This work aimed at validating a French version of a tool used to measure mystical experiences: the Revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire-30 items (MEQ30). Construct validity, internal consistencies, concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validities of the French MEQ30 were examined using data about the most significant psychedelic experience of 320 French individuals. Results showed that the original fourfactor (i.e., mystical, positive mood, transcendence, and ineffability) structure fit the data best, with good to excellent statistical indices. Total French MEQ30 score was strongly associated with subjective ratings of the mystical (i.e., mystical, spiritual, or religious, and personally significant) and drug intensity-related qualities of the experience, but not with non-mystical (i.e., fun, inebriating, and easy) qualities. Moreover, French MEQ30 score was a significant predictor of subjective positive changes in psychological well-being, relations with self and others, feeling of proximity or connection with nature, and creativity, whereas drug intensity-related and non-mystical qualities of the experience were not, or were only weakly associated with such changes. This French version of the MEQ30 seems to be an appropriate tool for measuring mystical experiences among French speaking individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting studies in the field of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) has mostly been limited to Western cultures, and disagreements regarding the definition and assessment of this disorder are still debated. This study aims to examine the validity and Reliability of the Persian version of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19). We conducted this cross-sectional online study from April to July 2022 among 200 Iranian women and men (100 women, Mage (SD)* = 38.5 years(12/79), 100 males, Mage (SD) = 48.5 years (16/26)). After back-to-back translations, we examined the Face, Content, and Construct Validity, Reliability, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results indicated excellent Face validity (impact score >1.5 for all items), Content validity (CVI > 0.79), Reliability (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.95, CI = 95% (0.92-0.98)). The pre-established five-factor model of the CSBD-19 (i.e., control, salience, relapse, dissatisfaction, and negative consequences) had an excellent fit to the data and demonstrated appropriate associations with the correlates. The Persian version of the CSBD-19 is a valid and reliable scale based on the ICD-11 definition of CSBD that may identify people at high risk for CSBD. This tool can apply in large sample size studies, and in a traditional context, such as Islamic countries. Mean (Standard Deviation)* [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we hypothesized that with educational intervention, the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control and its subscales would be related to behavioral intention increases. Also, the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are indirectly increased through the intention of behavior on the health behaviors of women with low-risk HPV (WLRH). A single-group intervention was conducted on 80 WLRH. The participants were selected using a stratified random sampling, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used. In order to be able to study the relationships between variables, the structural equation model (SEM) was used. SEM results showed that in pretest, the indirect effect of the total TPB score (β = 0.19, p = 0.005), attitude (β = 0.23, p < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) on health behavior through the mediation of behavioral intentions was in posttest with intervention, the indirect effect of the total TPB score (β = 0.51, p < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.27, p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) on health behavior through the mediation of behavioral intentions increased. The results of this study indicated that, in posttest, total TPB score on health behavioral without a mediator and with a mediator was significant. Also, subjective norms are significant factors in increasing health behavior in WLRH through the mediation of behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article outlines the development of the parent-reported ADHD symptom infrequency scale (PRASIS), a novel stand-alone questionnaire designed to discriminate between parents exaggerating ratings of ADHD symptoms of their child from parents more accurately reporting symptoms. The PRASIS includes an Infrequency scale (INF) to measure infrequently reported symptoms of ADHD and a clinical scale to measure Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-5) defined ADHD symptoms (ADHD Total). An initial list of infrequency and clinical items was revised over the course of three studies, each conducted on a different sample of participants (n1 = 154, n2 = 203, n3 = 167) recruited via CloudResearch and consisting of mothers of children 4–12 years old. Analyses on the final version of the measure demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency (INF α = .87, ADHD Total α = .94) and high convergent validity of the PRASIS ADHD Total scores with ADHD Rating Scale-5 Total scores (r = .87, p < .001). Omnibus ANOVA comparisons demonstrated excellent group discrimination of both the PRASIS Infrequency scale and the PRASIS ADHD scale (Cohen’s f = 0.81-0-90). Specificity was above the minimum requirement set a priori (≥.80) and resulting sensitivity was similar or higher than other non-ADHD measures in the symptom validity literature. Specificity and sensitivity are reported for multiple cutoff scores, and positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) are presented for several base rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aim was to develop and assess the measurement properties of the Functional Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication – Educator (FIAAC-E) scale – an educator-reported measure designed to detect change in factors associated with communicative participation in students who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The study had three phases. In phase 1 (content validity), 22 content specialists independently rated the relevancy of 22 dimensions proposed for the new scale. In phase 2 (item generation, face validity), 8 educators independently completed a preliminary version of the FIAAC-E scale and flagged items that were unclear. Next, these educators adjusted the wording of unclear items during consensus-building sessions. In phase 3 (item reduction, reliability, convergent validity), 62 educators completed an online survey that included the revised FIAAC-E scale. Survey data were used to shorten the scale, estimate its reliability, and evaluate support for its convergent validity. In phase 1, the 11 dimensions ranked most highly by content specialists were selected for inclusion in the preliminary scale. In phase 2, educators reviewed 113 items and revised 33 to improve clarity. In phase 3, correlational statistics informed the selection of 77 items for the shortened scale. Subsequent data analyses indicated acceptable levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability and support for convergent validity of the preliminary measure. The study provides emerging evidence that supports the FIAAC-E scale as a reliable way to evaluate communicative participation in children and youth who use AAC systems at school. Using a reliable means to measure the effectiveness of AAC for children and youth at school may reveal important factors that influence successful communicative, academic, and social participation in school. The FIAAC-E scale is a promising educator-reported questionnaire to inform the development of communication goals and monitor progress towards meeting these goals for students with complex communication needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-criticism is a stable personality trait identified as a serious risk factor for psychopathology and weight-related health problems. Therefore, it is relevant to epidemiological research, which requires a relatively brief instrument for measuring trait self-criticism in the general population. The current study introduces a brief measure of self-criticism and presents empirical results that inform on its reliability and validity. Based on the six-item version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire Self-Criticism (DEQ-SC6), thorough psychometric analyses on a German representative sample (N = 2,516) were conducted and resulted in the final four-item scale: the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire Self-Criticism 4 (DEQ-SC4). Its internal consistency was good and a one-dimensional factor structure showed a good model fit. In terms of construct validity, the DEQ-SC4 was moderately linked to symptoms of depression and a non-linear association between the DEQ-SC4 and body mass index was observed, with the highest levels of self-criticism reported by underweight participants. In addition, the DEQ-SC4 showed high positive correlations with another short version of the DEQ-SC and the Big Five personality dimensions assessed in samples of university students (N = 206) and patients (N = 55), meeting theoretically-based expectations. The DEQ-SC4 therefore represents a brief screening measure of self-criticism in the general population with good psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 and the need for physical distancing, the provision of Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) services via telepractice has been essential. One of the first steps in this field is the need to study telepractice among Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs). However, there is currently no specific instrument to measure telepractice in SLP to achieve this aim. The present study was conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to investigate telepractice among SLPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study comprised of two stages: (1) development of the questionnaire according to an in-depth literature review and (2) evaluation of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The content validity of the instrument was determined by 10 experts in the field of SLP. To check the face validity of the questionnaire, 10 SLPs were interviewed and their opinions were incorporated in the questionnaire. A total of 221 SLPs completed the questionnaire to determine the construct validity and the internal consistency. To evaluate the test-retest reliability, 30 SLPs completed the questionnaire twice with two weeks of interval. The final version of the questionnaire comprised of three sections and 31 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for different sections of the questionnaire ranged between 0.902 and 0.92 and the Intra-class Correlation coefficients of the sections were found to be between 0.9 and 0.96 in the test-retest reliability. The questionnaire developed in the study is a valid and reliable scale to measure telepractice among SLPs for educational or research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex workers face different types of sex work-related stigma, which may include anticipated, perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Sex work stigma can discourage health care seeking and hamper STI and HIV prevention and treatment efforts. There is a paucity of validated sex work-related stigma measures, and this limits the ability to study the stigma associated with sex work. A cross-sectional survey was conducted that measured anticipated sex work-related stigma among male and female sex workers in Kenya (N = 729). We examined the construct validity and reliability of the anticipated stigma items to establish a conceptually and statistically valid scale. Our analysis supported a 15-item scale measuring five anticipated sex work stigma domains: gossip and verbal abuse from family; gossip and verbal abuse from healthcare workers; gossip and verbal abuse from friends and community; physical abuse; and exclusion. The scale demonstrated good face, content, and construct validity. Reliability was good for all subscales and the overall scale. The scale demonstrated good model fit statistics and good standardized factor loadings. The availability of valid and reliable stigma measures will enhance efforts to characterize and address stigma among sex workers and ultimately support the protection, health and well-being of this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interprofessional team collaboration (ITC) in the Swedish Occupational Health Service is an important part of the service given to the customer. The Occupational Health Service (OHS) could be more competitive if they were able to show how successful is their ITC. The Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS) is an instrument that measures ITC in teams working with the client as part of the team. The aim of this study was to adapt the Swedish version of the instrument for use in OHS and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted version and the adapted short version. The study included 472 participants from different OHSs, all members of the trade association of occupational health care in Sweden. Face and content validity of the instrument were assessed, and floor and ceiling effects were measured. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 42-item adapted instrument and the short, 24-item version. The exploratory factor analysis gave a three-factor solution with an eigenvalue >1 and explaining a total variance of 57.1% and 62.3% for the short version. The study concludes that AITCS-S-(OHS) as well as the short version, is a reliable and valid questionnaire. Further development of the AITCS-S-(OHS) needs to be undertaken and assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate and cross-culturally adapt, the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2.0 to Persian (WRFQ-Pr), and evaluate reliability and validity. Standardized protocols were followed including forward-backward translation then synthesis/consolidation. Subsequent pilot investigation of the draft WRFQ-Pr (n = 50, male = 68%, age = 33.5 ± 7.3 years) tested the alternative wording and determined face and content validity through readability, understandability, interpretation, and cultural relevance. Participants (n = 288) were recruited from a convenience sample to assess: construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Promax rotation and maximum least squares extraction; and internal consistency using Cronbach's α coefficient. Test-retest reliability was evaluated from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1). The forward-backward translation was achieved with eight items (1,3,4,5,9,11,12,22) modified and reformulated due to idiomatic issues. Internal consistency for the subscales ranged from α = 0.87–0.95, and the test-retest reliability was ICC(2,1)=0.92 (CI: 0.89–0.95). The EFA showed a four-factor solution, being identical to the original version, however items 20–22 loaded with items 23–26 in one factor, which was re-named "flexibility and social demand." One item (#26) did not load above the required 0.30 threshold and was removed from the WRFQ-Pr. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The WRFQ translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Persian (WRFQ-Pr) was performed successfully. The determined properties of reliability and validity were comparable to those of the original English version. The WRFW can simultaneously evaluate the health status of the worker, the existence of impairments, the involved factors in creating ability/disability at work, and the outcome of the interventions. There is no instrument available for the Persian-speaking population to evaluate related disability at work and the condition of return to work after a rehabilitation intervention. The WRFQ was translated and culturally adapted into Persian. The WRFW-Pr demonstrated excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability and a four-factor structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces the concept of value-expressive communication and examines its relationship with behavioral intent. Value-expressive communication is conceptualized as the verbal output of a value-expressive attitude. Value-expressive communication about exercise is examined in relationship to strength of religious faith, exercise attitudes, communication frequency, and intentions to exercise among a sample of self-identified Christians. The data indicate a significant interaction between value-expressive communication and communication frequency explains significant variance in exercise intentions. Interact to and exercise attitudes is significantly associated with intentions to exercise. Suggestions for using value-expressive communication in health communication research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentalization is an important interpersonal ability, necessary for adaptive interpersonal relationships and emotion regulation. Deficits in mentalization have been associated with poor psychological outcomes and have been observed in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. The Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) has been developed as self-report measure of mentalization deficit. The aim of the study was to investigate the dimensionality of the MZQ in a nonclinical sample composed of Italian adults from the general population and to analyze its performance in categorizing individuals with higher risk of borderline symptoms. A non-clinical sample of 1,015 adults (709 women and 306 men) was administered the Italian versions of the MZQ, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), and a measure of borderline psychopathology. A revised single-factor solution fitted the data well and demonstrated metric invariance across gender. The internal consistency (Ordinal α = 0.87) and stability (r = 0.84) were satisfactory. The MZQ was moderately associated with the RFQ dimensions. The ROC curve analysis showed that the MZQ was able to discriminate satisfactorily people with higher risk for borderline symptomatology from those with lower risk. The MZQ may, therefore, be considered a reliable and valid measure of mentalization for categorizing people at higher risk for borderline pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) is an 8-item self-report measure of reflective functioning that is presumed to capture individual differences in hypo- and hypermentalizing. Despite its broad acceptance by the field, we argue that the validity of the measure is not well-established. The current research elaborates on problems of the RFQ related to its item content, scoring procedure, dimensionality, and associations with psychopathology. We tested these considerations across three large clinical and non-clinical samples from Germany and the US (total N = 2289). In a first study, we found that the RFQ may assess a single latent dimension related to hypomentalizing but is rather unlikely to capture maladaptive forms of hypermentalizing. Moreover, the RFQ exhibited very strong associations with measures of personality pathology, while associations with measures of symptom distress were less strong. In a second preregistered study focused on convergent and discriminant validity, however, a commonality analysis indicated that associations with indicators of personality pathology are inflated because some of the RFQ items tap into emotional lability and impulsivity rather than mentalizing. Our findings demonstrate limitations of the RFQ. We discuss key challenges in assessing mentalizing via self-report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate outcome measurement tools for the validation of teleaudiology hearing aid rehabilitation services for adults. A search strategy was developed to identify tools used to evaluate standard and teleaudiology hearing aid rehabilitation services for adults. A seven-domain hearing-health-care service model for validation was defined and used to analyse the applicability and suitability of patient- and service-centred tools. This model and the applicability and suitability criteria were based on the literature, the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework, and gold standard professional practice guidelines, which together formed the validation framework used in this study. Eighteen tools were identified and assessed against the validation framework. These tools were found to primarily assess aspects in the patient communication domain and rarely in the domain of service provision. All the included tools had some applicable items for teleaudiology hearing aid services; three tools were judged as suitable and four partially suitable for validating these services. Although there is a set of suitable tools available to validate teleaudiology hearing aid rehabilitation services, none of them cover all the seven domains of the validation model used by this review and few are focussed on a specific domain. Further improvement and/or development of new tools to comprehensively validate these services is still necessary. At this stage, this still limits clinical audiology practice research, especially in teleaudiology. Outcome measurement tools are crucial for assessing the validity of hearing rehabilitation services. Findings of this study inform clinicians and researchers on how and what to assess and use to evaluate teleaudiology and standard hearing aid rehabilitation services. The use of the proposed validation framework may facilitate the standardisation of validation of both face-to-face and remotely delivered audiology rehabilitation services and improve consistency of methodology and reported real-world outcomes across studies and thus, the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire was developed to assess Child Sexual Victimization experiences, and the associated characteristics and circumstances. The aim of the study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire (CSAQ) in a sample of Egyptian children. The original CSAQ-English was translated into Arabic based on the established guidelines. Then, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of 150 male and female Egyptian children aging 8–14 years to test the translated questionnaire for validity and reliability. The Statistical analysis was performed to internal consistency, Item-Total correlation, as well as Inter-Item correlation. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient to assess internal consistency was found to be satisfactory, 0.88 and 0.89 for CSA without physical contact items and CSA with physical contact items, respectively. The item-total correlations were found to be within r =.234; P =.004 to r =.927; P = <0.001, while Inter-item correlations ranged from 0.125 to 0.928. The CSAQ-Arabic version is a reliable and valid tool that can be used by researchers in clinical practice to measure sexual victimization experiences in Arabic-speaking children based on the content and face validation together with a good internal reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic realities in lower-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) present an increased need for outcome measures for wheelchair efficacy, as these measures enable optimized use of funds. As the provision level of wheelchairs is low in these areas, and many wheelchairs are inappropriate for their intended users, use of funds based on evidence is especially necessary. The Wheelchair Satisfaction Questionnaire (WSQ) was designed to be a snapshot of a wheelchair user's level of satisfaction with their wheelchair. The WSQ is comprised of 16 visual analogue scale questions. Each question includes an option for a qualitative explanatory comment. The current study examined initial test-retest reliability of the WSQ. The WSQ was administered twice to the same set of wheelchair users who were secondary students at a school for students with disabilities. A demonstration was given to the participants to explain how to mark the analogue scale. Participants were instructed to answer each item honestly and without peer input. A one-week time span separated test and retest. Scores for both sessions were entered into SPSS. An interclass coefficient of 0.70 or above indicates acceptable test-retest reliability The ages of participants ranged from 13 to 24, with a mean age of 17.86 years. Sixty-five participants completed the questionnaire fully in both test and retest and were included in this study. A high degree of reliability was found between scores from both tests. The interclass coefficient was r(63) =.863, p =.01, indicating statistically significant agreement between test and retest. The results support the WSQ as a reliable measure, confirming the WSQ as a reliable tool for user feedback on wheelchair function. Because the WSQ is designed to provide user feedback with enough granularity to give data on particular aspects of wheelchair structure and function, data can facilitate repair and modifications to wheelchair parts. Studies using the WSQ to assess specific wheelchair types could indicate consistent patterns of user satisfaction and dissatisfaction, revealing relevant design issues. The WSQ is designed to give wheelchair users a voice that can empower user centred modification and design changes to facilitate improved health, opportunity, and social interaction. Results from the WSQ could enable manufacturers to utilize user feedback to improve the design of wheelchairs for use in LMIC's, and providers could be better-informed in the selection of wheelchair types for specific environments. The WSQ could provide immediate user feedback to inform wheelchair modification and selection to best serve a particular user. The WSQ could be used in clinical settings over time to collect longitudinal data from wheelchair users, which could identify the most commonly perceived reasons for user dissatisfaction in a particular clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) represents the effect of disease-specific symptoms on the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder (NB). The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the NBSS in spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The cross cultural adaptation was achieved through forward and back translation of the items of the original version by an expert committee. Face and content validity were evaluated in a prepatient group. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were used for reliability assessment in 102 patients. Validity was examined using Short Form-12 and King's Health Questionnaire. Eighty-four patients with SCI and 18 with MS were included in the study. Cronbach's alpha values for the total score and the incontinence, storage/voiding, and consequences domains were 0.90, 0.91, 0.81, and 0.63, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.80 for all subdomains and the overall score. The correlation analyses indicated that the Turkish version has good construct validity. Our results showed that the Turkish version of the NBSS has good reliability and validity in patients with SCI and MS and can be used to evaluate NB symptoms. NCT03964077. The Turkish version of the neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) is a valid and reliable instrument to measure symptom specific quality of life (QOL) in both patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. The Turkish version of the NBSS can be used in the Turkish population to measure neurogenic bladder related QOL for clinical and research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) is a widely used measure for psychosis risk assessment. The primary aim of this study is to examine the reliability and discriminant validity of the Slovak version of the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) in a sample of university students. A sample of 1276 (75% female) university students completed a cross-sectional online survey consisting of a large battery of scales measuring psychopathology, social functioning, and well-being. The mean age was M = 22.59 and SD = 3.94. On a bivariate level, the prodromal symptoms severity measured by the PQ-16 was associated with depression, anxiety, lower well-being, and more severe problems in social functioning. The PQ-16 explained a significant variability of social functioning above and beyond the effect of depression and anxiety. Results revealed sufficient internal reliability (α = 0.774 and ω = 0.761) of the scale. The Slovak version of the PQ-16 has sound reliability and shows an adequate pattern of association with depression, anxiety, and social functioning. These promising findings need to be replicated on an independent sample of help-seeking individuals or a high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known in Australia about current practice relating to medical end-of-life decisions preceding patient deaths. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt a European questionnaire on medical end-of-life decisions and end-of-life care to the Australian context, producing a questionnaire to assess current medical practice in Australia and enable comparison with international studies. Following initial research team review, an English translation of the questionnaire was culturally adapted using four waves of cognitive pre-testing interviews with members of the target community: Australian doctors (n=27) from different specialties, clinical settings and geographical locations. Cognitive interviewing was used to identify potential problems with the translated questionnaire by examining the cognitive processes participants used to answer questions. Two experts in end-of-life research provided feedback on the questionnaire after the third wave of cognitive interviews. Research team review occurred again after the third and fourth waves of cognitive interviews. Interview notes were reviewed, coded and analysed using content analysis. A consensus approach was used to identify necessary adaptations, with all members of the research team endorsing the adaptations. Following cognitive pre-testing, an online version of the questionnaire was piloted with doctors, nurses and health law researchers (n=13). Improvements to questionnaire wording, flow/routeing and design were identified during the cognitive interviewing and piloting process and implemented. Saturation in terms of face and content validity and acceptability of the questionnaire was achieved after four rounds of cognitive interviews. Participants generally agreed that the adapted questionnaire instructions were easy to follow, the questions were easy to understand, they felt comfortable answering all the questions, and the online questionnaire format was user friendly. The time taken to complete the questionnaire (average 9.2 min) was also acceptable to participants. Cognitive interviewing was a suitable method for identifying and solving challenges with comprehension and applicability of the questionnaire within the Australian context. The final questionnaire was well accepted by doctors and is now being used in a study exploring the incidence and nature of medical end-of-life decisions involving adult patients in one Australian state (Victoria). This questionnaire may be suitable for use or further adaptation in research in other English speaking jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders (ARDs). Despite this, the use of best-practice CBT in clinical practice is low. While training and assessment strategies have been developed to improve this science-practice gap, both within the educational and clinical training space, many of the assessment techniques developed to enhance the use of best practice CBT remain impractical to use in busy training settings and are prone to bias. The current study presents a preliminary evaluation of the CBT Decision-Making Questionnaire for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CDMQ-A). The CDMQ-A contains vignettes covering seven diagnostic categories, each followed by three questions, resulting in a 21-item questionnaire designed to assess CBT decision-making in the treatment of ARDs in adult patients. A sample of expert (N = 7) (Mage = 42.14; SD = 5.64; 57.1% female) and provisionally registered psychologists (N = 104) (Mage = 30.76; SD = 8.32; 82.7% female) completed the measure. Experts indicated that the vignettes demonstrated satisfactory face and ecological validity. Results indicated that the CDMQ-A can effectively discriminate between experts and provisionally registered psychologists with the expert sample scoring significantly higher than the provisionally registered psychologists t(10.63) = 6.9, p =.01; d = 1.74). Implications for training and clinical practice are discussed. What is already known about this topic: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders. Despite evidence, the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinical practice is low. Techniques available to assess and enhance the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy remain impractical to use in busy training settings and are prone to bias. What this topic adds: The current study presents a preliminary evaluation of the CBT Decision Making Questionnaire for Anxiety and Related Disorders. Results indicated that the questionnaire can effectively discriminate between experts and provisionally registered psychologists. The development and use of such tools have the potential to have significant implications for the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practice, particularly within busy educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the factor structure of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) clinical scales for military service members with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Retrospective analysis of existing data base. The sample included 210 service members with TBI who completed the PAI as part of a neuropsychological evaluation at a military TBI clinic. Statistical analysis included exploratory factor analysis of 214 items of the 11 PAI clinical scales. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a four-factor solution accounting for 30.4% of the variance in scores. A review of the face validity of the items from each factor generated the following factor labels: Somatic/Psychiatric/Cognitive Distress, Social Distress, Substance Misuse, and Depression. The PAI appears to assess general distress (i.e., somatic/psychiatric/cognitive) and substance misuse constructs for both psychiatric and TBI populations, but it also appears to assess a "social distress" construct (i.e., difficulties socializing in both military and civilian populations) that is unique to military populations. Suggestions are offered to re-conceptualize PAI clinical scales specific to psychopathology (i.e., schizophrenia, paranoia, mania, borderline, antisocial) and personality disorders (i.e., borderline, antisocial) in terms of neurologic and military specific issues for service members with TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study estimates the frequency and predictors of caregiver strain (CGS) among parents of autistic children. Methods: Demographic details and CGS were collected through a validated tool from 403 parents of autistic children in Karachi, Pakistan. Regression modelling was performed to report associations between social, behavioural, and communication problems and socioeconomic predictors of CGS. Results were reported using adjusted beta-coefficients with 95% confidence intervals. Results: In total, 88.3% of the parents reported moderate to severe CGS. A high family income (β = −4.31, 95% CI −7.55, −0.11), and caregiver's higher level of education (β = −4.73, 95% CI −8.84, −0.61), along with care-recipient age group (β = −9.35, 95% CI −15.17, −3.52) significantly predicted lower CGS. Diagnosis of more than 5 years (β = 7.57, 95% CI 2.36, 12.79), tendency to self-harm (β = 10.75, 95% CI 6.62, 14.88), and social withdrawal in the care-recipient (β = 4.56, 95% CI 1.68, 7.44) were significantly associated with higher CGS. Conclusion: Parents of children on the autistic spectrum suffer from high CGS. There is a need to introduce tailored parenting interventions at the individual and community levels to help parents reduce the CGS, ultimately benefiting their child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at cross-culturally translating and adapting the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), and then evaluated the psychometric properties of the resulting instrument. The PSSUQ was culturally adapted to suit the Arabic context in accordance with standard guidelines. The psychometric evaluation of the resulting Arabic version of the questionnaire (A-PSSUQ) involved assessing content validity and face validity, conducting a factor analysis, and testing reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). The validity assessment indicated that the A-PSSUQ had a high level of validity, where the scale-content validity index value was 0.931 and the scale-face validity index value was 0.975. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the structure of the A-PSSUQ was similar to that of the original questionnaire, consisting of a three-factor 16-item solution (accounting for 78.275% of the explained variance). The A-PSSUQ also exhibited high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.956 for the whole questionnaire, 0.913 for the system quality subscale, 0.883 for the information quality subscale, and 0.890 for the interface quality subscale. These results indicate that the A-PSSUQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used by Arabic usability practitioners when performing usability research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though there are scales for the measurement of self-efficacy in quitting drug misuse, none had measured quitting self-efficacy with regards to the peculiarities of the situations involving tramadol misuse. We therefore developed and validated a scale to measure self-efficacy in quitting tramadol misuse among long-term tramadol users. Methods: A mixed-method design combining qualitative study with quantitative procedures was applied. Six experts and 30 tramadol users were involved in the content and face validity tests, respectively. A sample of 160 tramadol users (149 males and 11 females) in the Benue State of Nigeria was selected using snowball method for construct validity test. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to determine the factor structure of the scale. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach alpha. Results: An exploratory factor analysis resulted in the extraction of three factors: capability to resist external pressure, capability to resist internal pressure, and capability to cope. The Cronbach alpha for the three factors were 0.93, 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusion: A 16-item scale in a self-report format has been developed to measure self-efficacy in quitting tramadol misuse. This scale can provide information vital for developing self-efficacy interventions for tramadol users and evaluating outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to develop a reliable instrument for the Active Communication Education (ACE) programme evaluating changes in communication strategies and the emotional consequences, knowledge and acceptance of hearing loss and to examine its reliability and face, content and construct validity. Semistructured interviews and questionnaires were conducted with participants and clinicians engaged in the ACE intervention. The psychometric properties were evaluated in two phases for two samples of adults with hearing loss who participated in the ACE programme, including 61 and 41 participants, respectively. The final Communication and Acceptance Scale (CAS) contained 18 items, and the reliability of the overall scale (Cronbach's alpha 0.86) and the test–retest reliability (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) were good. The construct validity, evaluated with principal component analysis, suggested a five-factor solution explaining 72% of the variance. The questionnaire revealed statistically significant short- and long-term effects of the ACE programme. Both participants and clinicians found the questionnaire relevant, useful and easy to administer. The CAS questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable, but because of the low sample size, further analysis with a larger population is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the extent of observation of patients' privacy by physicians and nurses and its relationship with patient satisfaction. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 600 patients selected by convenience sampling. Based on the patients' points of view, the level of observation of patients' privacy and its dimensions, especially the psychosocial dimension, were reported to be higher in nurses than in physicians. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a direct and significant relationship between the observation of privacy by the nurses and physicians and different dimensions of patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the development of a new self-report questionnaire to assess a specific characteristic of clinical work: the mental (affective and rational) work that therapists do between clinical sessions. The resulting instrument is the Post Session Therapist Questionnaire. In the pre-research phase, we generated 40 items. We had 16 experts carefully examine the questionnaire's content validity at various stages and thus obtained 38 pertinent, clear, and unambiguous items. We then carried out a pilot study with 29 clinicians, who filled out the questionnaire twice, referring to 100 patients in each case. To assess the structural validity of the new instrument, we conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis using the session (N = 200) as the unit of analysis. Three factors supported the theoretical dimensions conceptualized in the pre-research: we called the factors Positive Regard, Comprehension, and Diagnostic Effort. These dimensions have good internal consistency. The study's results suggest that these clinical dimensions are meaningful in the development of clinical processes, thereby encouraging further study of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, with larger samples, so as to consider these results in relationship to the outcomes of the following sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper limb lymphedema is a vexing morbidity that can occur after the treatment for breast cancer. The Lymphedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Upper Limb Lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-UL) is a valid and reliable tool assessing problems in functioning in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Until now, a French-language version was lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural validation of the French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire. A forward–backward translation process between the original language (Dutch) and the target language (French) was performed. Psychometric properties of this final French version were examined in 50 participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency were higher than 0.77. Face and content validity were very good because the scoring system was clear for all participants (100%), questions were understandable (100%), and all complaints due to BCRL were mentioned by 78% of the participants. Construct validity was moderate. Convergent validity was established since 3 out of 5 expected domains of the Lymph-ICF-UL showed a moderate correlation with expected domains of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. There was satisfactory divergent validity as 6 out of 9 hypotheses assessing divergent validity were accepted. The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire and ready for use in clinical as well as in scientific practice. Since the introduction of more effective treatment modalities increasing the number of breast cancer survivors, the amount of patients dealing with lymphedema is rising likewise up to a pooled incidence rate of more than 16% of the women treated for breast cancer. The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing problems in functioning of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema of the arm and/or hand. As the questionnaire provides patient information in the different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, it facilitates evaluating the impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on daily functioning. Based on the outcomes of the Lymph-ICF-UL treatment goals can be set, where after the questionnaire can be used to monitor long-term results of this treatment and self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapport is an important component of neuropsychological test administration; however, there is a lack of psychometrically sound measures of rapport in the context of neuropsychological assessment. The purpose of this study was to explore adapting measures of the psychotherapeutic alliance specifically to neuropsychological test administration and investigate their feasibility and construct validity. College students (N = 126) were administered a brief battery of neuropsychological tests in either a high-rapport or low-rapport condition. Participants in the high-rapport condition rated rapport as being higher, suggesting that the items captured the nature of the interpersonal interaction between examiner and examinee. The results suggest the feasibility of adapting items from measures of the psychotherapeutic alliance for measuring rapport in neuropsychological testing. This article introduces the Barnett Rapport Questionnaire, a measure of rapport in the context of neuropsychological assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore face validity of a preliminary conceptual framework for rehabilitation (the HEAR Framework), which is grounded in the narratives of people with spinal cord injury. Using a quantitative online survey, experienced spinal cord injury rehabilitation practitioners were asked to compare the overall Framework, and its three components and nine elements, against usual practice. Participants rated the helpfulness and ease of implementation of each component. Perceived training needs, to support the implementation of the Framework were also explored. Respondents were given the opportunity to provide qualitative feedback about the Framework. Thirty-four participants completed the survey. Median rating of congruence of the Framework with usual practice was 6 (out of 10). The Help component of the Framework was rated as more like usual practice than the Encourage and Accept components. Median rating of the potential helpfulness to practice, of all the elements of the Framework was 5 (out of 5). Participants rated the elements within the Help component of the Framework as easiest to implement. Teaching assertiveness, promoting flexible thinking and fostering responsive communication were the highest rated training topics related to implementation of the Framework. Face validity testing suggests the preliminary HEAR Framework is promising as a basis for spinal cord injury rehabilitation theory. Broad-based testing is required to progress the promise of the Framework. Spinal cord injury rehabilitation lacks conceptual frameworks to guide practice. This validity study suggests moderate alignment between the preliminary HEAR Framework and usual practice (based on the perceptions of professionals in a spinal cord injury service). The Framework may be useful to individual rehabilitation practitioners as a basis for clinical reflection. The Framework may be useful as a practice development tool for teams of rehabilitation practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vestibular disorders can lead to functional limitations and deficits in performing routine daily life tasks. The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living scale (VADL) is a useful tool for impact assessment level of functional limitations in patients with vestibular disorders. Translation, cultural adaptation and evaluation of the reliability and validity of VADL to Persian. In this analytical–descriptive study, VADL was translated based on the native protocol of the International Quality of Life questionnaire and adapted to the conditions found in Iranian culture. Upon confirmation of face validity, this scale was performed on 90 Persian patients with vestibular disorders (aged between 25 and 85 years). After one week, 53 participants were asked to complete the questionnaire again. Finally, reliability was evaluated with both methods of internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility. Five items out of 28 were modified to adapt the scale to the culture of Iranians, and they were approved by the original designer of the questionnaire. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94, and repeatability was confirmed by the Interclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.97. The Persian version of VADL was relatively equivalent to the original content and it was in compliance with the terms of Persian culture with high validity and reliability. Therefore, it may be a useful tool for the assessment of functional limitation in some patients with vestibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P) is commonly used to assess for mental health problems, but its psychometric properties have not been studied in the paediatric Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) population. This study investigated the properties of the SDQ-P and its subscales in this population using Rasch analysis. One hundred and forty-three SDQ-Ps and 123 Impact Supplements were analyzed. Sixty-nine percent of SDQ-Ps were completed by female carers, 59% of young people were male, and 58% had Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In this population the SDQ-P Total Difficulties Scale and the Conduct Problems subscale showed questionable construct validity. The individual subscales and Impact Supplement did not meet the criteria for reliability. Two items had disordered thresholds. The individual subscales showed mistargeting and 13-24% person misfit. Two items were significantly underdiscriminating. There was differential item functioning with age and time post-injury, and local dependence between subscale items. The Total Difficulties scale was multidimensional. The most easily endorsed items were in keeping with common symptoms of brain injury. These findings suggest the SDQ-P in its current form may not be a reliable and valid assessment measure for mental health difficulties in the paediatric ABI population and requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Evidence suggests that environmental factors (EF) play an important role in adolescent smoking behavior. Therefore, the present study aimed to perform a psychometric analysis of the questionnaire of EF on smoking behavior and evaluate the theoretical framework with a path analysis approach in adolescents in Isfahan, Iran. This psychometric cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 340 adolescents selected by simple random stratified clustered sampling in Isfahan in 2019. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of EF. The participants' mean age was 16.67 (0.98) years. The content validity index and content validity ratio of the questionnaire of EF were 0.8 and 0.58, respectively, and its total corrected item-total correlations index was 0.377. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness of fit for the first-order measurement model of environmental variables, and the results of path analysis showed acceptable goodness of fit for the explanatory model of EF. The present study provided a valid and reliable explanatory model of EF of smoking behavior and its related questionnaire, so it can be used in studies related to adolescent smoking behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because outcomes studies are known to facilitate effective use of funds, economic realities in lower-resource countries increase the need for outcome measures for wheelchair effectiveness in these areas. Effective use of funds based on evidence is especially needed since the level of wheelchair provision is low, and many wheelchairs are inappropriate for their intended users. There are very few existing wheelchair specific assistive technology outcome measures. The Wheelchair Satisfaction Questionnaire (WSQ) was designed to be a snapshot of a wheelchair user's level of satisfaction with their wheelchair. The current studies examined the development of the WSQ and its initial face and content validity. The WSQ is comprised of 16 visual analogue scale questions; each question includes a qualitative explanatory comment. In study 1, 15 adult users of manual wheelchairs completed the WSQ and then the completed a follow-up questionnaire which collected feedback on each question. In study 2, 15 secondary school student users of manual wheelchairs in Kenya completed the same procedure used in study 1. High mean satisfaction scores on the follow-up questionnaire support face and content validity in both studies. The WSQ has the potential to give wheelchair users a quantifiable voice on wheelchair function. Data obtained from the WSQ also has the potential to provide data from wheelchair users to wheelchair manufacturers and providers, leading to better design and provision. Based upon the score of a specific item, manufacturers could improve design of wheelchairs for use in lower-and-middle-income countries, and providers could be better-informed as to models sent to specific environments. The WSQ could provide evidence-based information to support improved provision and design. The WSQ could be used in a clinical setting over time to identify the most common interface problems in that particular setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to develop a questionnaire instrument to measure difficulties in activities and participation, and impact of environmental factors in chemical intolerance, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and to assess its validity and reliability. Development in three steps: (1) choosing items of relevance for chemical intolerance with an expert group, (2) conducting interviews with persons with chemical intolerance, using sampling to redundancy, (3) conducting a survey with 112 respondents at a first assessment and 91 at a second assessment for test-retest. The final version of the instrument consists of 57 items divided in three parts, which showed good internal consistency in each part, Cronbach alpha: 0.73–0.87. It had good content validity, readability and face validity. Test-retest showed good to very good (≥0.61) Kappa agreement for 37 items, and moderate (0.41–0.60) for 17 items. Three items had poor or fair (<0.41) Kappa agreement. The instrument was found to be valid and reliable. It can be used as a clinical tool to help persons with chemical intolerance to receive the best suited help and support for each individual, identify key points in rehabilitation, measure rehabilitation outcome and establish priority for treatment. The questionnaire instrument based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health which was developed and evaluated in this study, can be used to measure difficulties in activities and participation, and impact of environmental factors in chemical intolerance. Persons with chemical intolerance report lack of support from healthcare and society. Using this questionnaire instrument can help forming the best suited help and support for each individual based on his/her preconditions. This questionnaire instrument can be used to identify key points in rehabilitation and measure rehabilitation outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]