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Purpose: The aims were to translate the Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire (EDAQ) into Turkish, then test validity and reliability in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Turkey. Material and Methods: Phase 1: The EDAQ was forward and backward translated, culturally adapted following cognitive debriefing interviews with participants with RA (n = 10) and finalized by an expert committee. Phase 2: Participants (n = 215) completed a questionnaire including the EDAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Short-Form 36 v1 (SF-36v1). Two weeks later, the EDAQ was again completed for test–retest reliability (n = 82:38%). Internal construct validity was assessed using Rasch analysis. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability were assessed. Results: Following cultural adaptation, one item was removed, and examples increased or changed. Cronbach's α values were 0.71 − 0.93 for all EDAQ domains, that is, acceptable to good. The EDAQ met Rasch model requirements for fit (excellent construct validity: p > 0.05). Concurrent validity was moderate to strong for most EDAQ domains with HAQ (rs 0.49–0.81) and SF-36-v1 Physical Function (rs 0.42–0.70). There was excellent test–retest reliability for all domains (ICC (2,1): 0.95–1.00). Conclusion: The Turkish EDAQ is a valid, reliable measure of daily activity ability for use in practice and research with Turkish speakers with RA. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire provides a comprehensive evaluation of daily activity ability for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The Turkish Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire is a valid, reliable patient-reported outcome measure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who considered it easy to complete. The Turkish Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire is suitable for use in clinical practice and research to evaluate daily activity ability in people with rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in adults with major congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) compared to able-bodied controls, and to examine associations of MSCs and disability with various biopsychosocial factors. Materials and methods: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study assessing MSCs, disability (using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH)), general and mental health status, physical work demands, and upper extremity range of motion. Results: Seventy-one individuals with CoULD (participation rate: 41%) and 71 controls matched on age, gender, and education were included (49% female, mean age 28.9 years). Year prevalence of MSCs was significantly higher in the CoULD group (35%) than in the control group (18%). The CoULD group was less often employed and had lower scores on all measures of upper limb range of motion and hand grip. MSCs were associated with higher DASH scores and higher reported work demands. Disability was associated with female gender, more joints with limited range of motion, unemployment, and lower general and mental health. Factors associated with disability did not differ between groups. Conclusions: MSCs are a frequent problem in young adults with major CoULD. To prevent or reduce MSC and disability, clinicians and researchers should be aware of the associated factors. Implications for rehabilitation: The year prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in those with major congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) was approximately double to that of the control group, implying a potential relationship between CoULD and MSCs. Rehabilitation professionals should develop personalized strategies to manage work demands in those with CoULD, considering the association between MSCs and higher reported work demands. Recognizing the impact of a negatively perceived body image on mental health, clinicians should integrate psychological counseling into rehabilitation treatments to support mental well-being and improve overall quality of life in those with CoULD. Rehabilitation professionals should educate individuals with CoULD about the potential associations between upper limb work demands, MSCs, and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine associations between illness perception, also called illness cognitions or appraisals, disposition of passive coping, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to test whether passive coping mediates the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Materials and methods: Longitudinal, multicentre study. Participants were inpatients of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. Measures included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Utrecht Coping List passive coping subscale (UCL-P), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Mediation was tested with the PROCESS tool. Results: The questionnaires were completed by 121 participants at admission and at discharge. Of them, 70% were male, 58% had a paraplegia, and 82% an incomplete lesion. Weak to strong (0.294–0.650) significant associations were found between each pair of study variables. The use of passive coping strategies mediated the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more frequent in people who have a threatening illness perception combined with a lower use of passive coping strategies. Therefore, it is advised that patients are screened and treated for threatening illness perception and high use of passive coping strategies during rehabilitation after SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to screen inpatients with spinal cord injury (SCI) for illness perception and disposition of passive coping to identify those who may be more vulnerable for symptoms of anxiety and depression at admission. Inpatients with SCI who report a threatening illness perception in combination with a high use of passive coping at admission, have an increased risk for symptoms of anxiety and depression. For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to repeat this screening to support careful planning of psychological (follow-up) treatment and coordination of care at discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to examine the relationship between body image and the meaning of life among women with breast cancer. The analytic sample included 142 women with breast cancer, and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. We used Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson test, Spearman and Mann–Whitney U test to determine the relationship between the research variables. We found an association between the mean score of body image and the mean score of the meaning of life. As the average score of body image increases, the score of the meaning of life increases (p < 0.05). Findings indicated that the body image score increases by increasing the score of the meaning of life and its dimensions, especially existential vacuum and acceptance of death. Future research and targeted treatments should consider the role of body image in shaping the meaning of life among women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social participation levels of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (iwMS) are lower than those of healthy individuals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate to which extent the walking capacity, balance, and fear of falling (FoF) affect the community integration levels of iwMS. Methods: Thirty-nine iwMS were evaluated for their participation levels [The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)], walking capacity [The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)], balance [Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (SportKAT®)], and FoF [The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES)]. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to detect the effects of SportKAT®, 6MWT, and MFES on CIQ. Results: CIQ scores were significantly correlated with 6MWT (p =.043) and MFES (p =.005) scores, while CIQ was not related with static (for two feet test p =.356, for right single-leg stance test p =.412, for left single-leg stance test p =.730) and dynamic balance (for clockwise test p =.097, for counterclockwise test p =.540) measured with the SportKAT®. It was found that CIQ could be predicted by 6MWT and MFES at the level of 16% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion: FoF and walking capacity are associated with community integration in iwMS. Therefore, physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs of iwMS should be combined with treatment goals to increase community integration, balance, and gait and decrease the disability and FoF from an early stage. Comprehensive studies examining other factors that may impact participation in iwMS with different levels of disability are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inter-individual variability may contribute to impaired cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility (CKS) in patients with nonspecific neck pain. Objectives: To identify subgroups of participants with nonspecific neck pain based on cervical joint position errors (JPEs) and to determine potential factors associated with identified subgroups. Methods: One hundred participants with nonspecific neck pain (unidentified pathoanatomical cause) and 50 controls were recruited. JPEs were measured in cervical extension and rotation, using a laser pointer. JPEs were expressed as absolute (AEs), constant (CEs), and variable (VEs) errors. Clinical characteristics were pain intensity, duration, disability, side of pain, dizziness, psychological features, and range of motion. All tests were performed within 1 day. A cluster analysis was conducted based on AEs. A logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the cluster groups. Results: Analysis divided neck pain participants into two groups: cluster 1 with greater impaired CKS (n = 36) and cluster 2 with lesser impaired CKS (n = 64). The AEs (all cervical movements) and CE (left rotation) were larger in cluster 1 than 2 (p ≤.002). Overall, participants in clusters 1 and 2 had larger AEs, CEs, and VEs than controls (p ≤.04). The presence of dizziness was a risk factor associated with cluster 1 (OR=2.5, p =.04). The other characteristics were not associated with the cluster groups (p ≥.09). Conclusion: The AEs identified two subgroups of patients with nonspecific neck pain. Participants in subgroup 1 had greater impaired CKS, and participants in subgroup 2 had lesser impaired CKS. Dizziness was a potential risk factor associated with greater impaired CKS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined a set of background psychological and other variables of orthorexic (ON) tendency in a sample of young women with special interest in healthy lifestyle. The sample consisted of female young adults (N = 310; aged 18–35 years; mean age = 24.3 years; SD = 4.97 years) who were recruited through social media health sites. Besides Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO‑15), BMI, regular sporting activity, the following scales were used: Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI, drive for thinness, ineffectiveness and maturity fears); Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS); and The Proactive Coping Inventory. In this sample, 37.7% were at risk for ON. Eating disorder attitudes, regular sporting and social media addiction were the most relevant predictors of orthorexic tendency with drive for thinness being the strongest contributor (β = 0.54, p < 0.001). For young women with a special interest in healthy lifestyle, drive for thinness together with regular sporting, ON tendency may serve as a tool for achieving their goal. Social media addiction and other psychological problems (feeling of ineffectiveness or maturity fears) can also contribute to orthorexic rendency. It would be important to ask for support from qualified health professionals when changing nutritional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple exercises included in strength training involve greater activation of the quadriceps compared to hamstring muscles, which may lead to knee joint imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the ratio of surface electromyography (sEMG) activity hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups (hamstring-to-quadriceps activation ratio; H:Q EMG), as well as lateral to medial hamstring activation ratio (LH:MH) in parallel squat, Romanian deadlift, hip thrust, lying leg curl and seated knee extension. The H:Q EMG was greater during lying leg curl compared to other exercises during both the concentric and eccentric phase, however the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust also resulted in relatively high H:Q EMG. Pairwise comparisons revealed that LH:MH was greater in the parallel squat compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust in the concentric phase, and compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust during the eccentric phase. Our data suggests that the lying leg curl promotes the greatest hamstring activation and H:Q EMG, amongst the exercises investigated, while also providing relatively homogenous LH:MH. The lying leg curl should be considered as a primary exercise in rehabilitation and training programmes, aiming to proportionally activate LH:MH and increase H:Q EMG, which may improve knee muscle balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hearing disorders are common among music professionals, as they are frequently exposed to sound levels exceeding 100 dB(A). By assessing auditory fatigue, situations that are deleterious for hearing could be identified, allowing the deployment of preventive measures before permanent impairment occurs. However, little is known about the factors contributing to auditory fatigue. The objective is to determine the exposure parameters most influencing auditory fatigue during occupational exposure to amplified music. Design: Auditory fatigue was defined as variations of both pure tone auditory (ΔPTA) and efferent reflex thresholds (ΔER) during the workday. Noise exposure was monitored and information on the volunteers was gathered using a questionnaire. Study sample: The population consisted of 43 adult volunteers exposed to amplified music (sound, light or stage technicians, security agents, barmen) and 24 unexposed administrative agents. Results: ΔPTA and ΔER were positively correlated with the energy of noise exposure and its stability over time, i.e a steady noise tends to create more auditory fatigue. Conclusion: In addition to a global decrease of music levels and a systematic use of hearing protection, our results advocate for the provision of quiet periods within noise exposures as they reduce auditory fatigue accumulation and long-term risks for hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online vendors often deploy limited-time and limited-quantity cues on their e-commerce sites to influence consumers purchase decisions. Although these scarcity cues can reflect genuine restrictions in the availability of goods, they are increasingly considered as ill-intentioned nudges or 'dark patterns' due to their omnipresence and success in persuading consumers. In an online experiment (N = 202), we examined the effects of limited-time and limited-quantity cues on perceived task load, perceived benevolence, and user experience. Results suggest that participants associated scarcity cues with a lack of benevolence from online vendors. E-commerce site design without scarcity cues provided participants with a superior hedonic and pragmatic user experience. In the case of limited-time scarcity cues, participants reported frustration-related negative emotions. We discuss the implications of these findings from the perspectives of dark pattern researchers, designers, and online vendors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers have devoted great effort to explore the antecedents of altruistic behaviours (a type of organisational citizenship behaviours), the important role of technical factors (social media) remains unclear. Drawing on social comparison and organisational support theory, this study explored how social media affordances influence employees' altruistic behaviours from both positive and negative perspectives. In this study, 302 employees from organisations in China were surveyed. We found that social media affordances could facilitate employees' perceived organisational support and social comparison of ability. Perceived organisational support positively mediated the relationship between social media affordances and altruistic behaviours. Although the evidence did not support the notion that social comparison of ability could directly dampen altruistic behaviours, a post-hoc analysis found that it could dampen the positive impact of perceived organisational support on developing altruistic behaviours. This study expanded previous research focusing on only positive or negative effects of social media use in the workplace by investigating the dual effects and the interaction effect in between. Here, we discuss the results and provide practical guidance for managers and organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of human-computer interaction, deformable user interfaces are gaining more attention. Gestures performed by bending the deformable device are commonly investigated in the literature. These bend gestures' inherent tactile and kinaesthetic feedback and their association with spatial directions benefit both blind and low vision (BLV) and sighted users. Bend gestures are naturally associated with two descriptors of bend, which are location and direction. One potential opportunity to extend this gesture space is to investigate additional descriptors of bend gestures without introducing new locations. In this context, size and angle are the two common additional descriptors of bend gestures. In this work, we conducted two (preliminary and main) studies to investigate BLV and sighted users' performance and preference for multiple magnitude levels of size and angle of bend on a smartphone-sized deformable prototype. Finally, we discuss the results and propose user group-specific design recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terror management research has found that mortality salience increases self-esteem preservation, which tends to produce counter-persuasive effects in the health context. The present study examines the persuasive potentials of an alternative mortality prime, death reflection, in a between-subjects online experiment with current smokers (N = 92). We tested the effects of two death primes on their posttraumatic growth, identification with a story character, and quitting intentions after exposure to an anti-smoking PSA. The results showed that only death reflection significantly affected quitting intentions through two serial mediators. First, death reflection promoted a greater sense of posttraumatic growth than the control condition, whereas mortality salience did not. Second, the increased sense of growth enhanced identification with a testimonial character in the anti-smoking PSA, which, in turn, lowered quitting intentions. Implications for health communication are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of person-centered communication on bereaved young adults' physiological stress responses when they talked about the death of their parent. Heart rate variability – indexed by the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), and the heart rate variability index (HRVi) – was monitored before, during, and after the interaction as an objective measure of stress reactivity and recovery. The final sample included 69 subjects, and they conversed with research confederates who provided varying levels of person-centered support. The results showed that participants who received highly person-centered support experienced faster stress recovery, as indicated by increased HRVi, compared to those who received moderately or low person-centered support. Bereaved adults' SDNN during the interaction was positively associated with subjective evaluations of cognitive reappraisal, emotional improvement, and support quality. The discussion highlights the significance of supportive interactions on physiological, psychological, and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undertaking an authentic interprofessional simulation experience may be a useful and consistent strategy for healthcare professional students to build competencies required for a rural healthcare context. An observational comparative study design was adopted to evaluate a clinical simulation experience created to develop the interprofessional competencies of a sample of healthcare professional students at a regional university situated on multiple campuses in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Over 200 students across three campuses of the university were involved in a simulation experience that included four interprofessional activities. Of these students, 189 (89%) agreed to participate in the study. The healthcare professional students who participated in the study were from second year occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and podiatry, and third year speech pathology programs. Retrospective pre and post self-assessed interprofessional collaborative competencies were compared for all students using the revised Interprofessional Collaborative Attainment Survey (ICCAS). Results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in self-perceived scores using the validated revised ICCAS survey. The findings of this study suggest that carefully designed and authentic interprofessional simulation experiences can facilitate the development of competencies required for effective interprofessional practice, which are necessary for successful rural practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken (July–August 2020) to ascertain parents' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic of being at home with their newborn baby in the first 6 weeks. Participants (n = 371) were mostly biological mothers (n = 369, 99.4%), white British (n = 351, 94,5%), first baby (n = 186, 50%). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between maternal confidence and number of children (rho (369) = 0.295, p <.001) and baby's age at time of participation (rho (369) = 0.139, p =.009). Participants without higher educational qualifications (median = 62, SIQR = 3.5) had statistically significant higher confidence (U = 11831.500, p <.001) than participants with higher educational qualifications (median = 58, SIQR = 2). Parents of babies without health issues at birth (median, 61, SIQR = 3.5) had statistically significant higher confidence (U = 13213.500, p <.001) than parents of babies with health issues at birth (median = 58, SIQR = 5). Three qualitative themes have emerged: the impact of "no partner" restrictions; mixed emotions and lack of information and support. In conclusion, parenting during a pandemic created anxiety and fear, affected by "no partner" restrictions, not being allowed to appointments, scans, and during labor. Some parents were more confident and indicated benefits including heightening bonding with baby and partner during social distancing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The strain of the pandemic on the mental health and well-being of parents could have a negative impact on future parenting. Healthcare professionals should not underestimate the potential consequences of declining perinatal mental health and should be vigilant to screen, enquire, and refer. Further research on this cohort of parents and children exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their ongoing health and wellbeing could be beneficial for future health-care policies and guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional and descriptive study investigates the impact of circumcision age on anxiety and self-perception in children. 342 fourth-grade primary school boys were recruited for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, One Way ANOVA, Tamhane Post Hoc tests, and Spearman correlation analysis. Results showed that 53.2% and 21.1% of the children were circumcised at 0–1 and 3–6 years, respectively. The mean trait anxiety scores of children circumcised at 3–6 years were significantly higher than those at other age periods (0–1, 1–3, 6–12 years). However, those circumcised at 3–6 years had lower self-perception scores. The study recommends circumcision be performed at the most appropriate age to avoid negative psychosocial effects, and nurses should counsel parents about the most appropriate age period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent symptoms post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) includes autonomic dysregulation (AD). The composite autonomic symptoms score, (COMPASS-31), was developed to quantify AD symptom severity in the last year, which limits clinical utility. The primary aim was to determine validity of a modified-COMPASS-31 measuring symptoms in the last month compared to the original, secondarily to compare both original and modified versions to the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), and tertiarily to detect change post-treatment of the modified-COMPASS-31 compared to NSI and headache intensity (HI). Thirty-three military personnel with persistent headache post-mTBI. Total and domain scores for COMPASS-31 (original vs. modified) NSI and HI at baseline. Change in modified-COMPASS-31. NSI, and HI. Baseline COMPASS-31 versions were comparable and highly correlated (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), they were moderately correlated at best to the NSI (r < 0.6), which may suggest differences in measurement metrics. The mean change in modified-COMPASS-31 scores (15.4/100, effect size 0.8) was mild to moderately correlated to the change in HI (r = 0.39) score, but not to NSI (r = 0.28). The modified-COMPASS-31 appears to be valid, can measure change of AD symptom severity, and is recommended as an outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are studies showing the effects of physical exercises on depression, there are not many studies that clearly demonstrate the effect of aerobic exercise in geriatric depression with a clear protocol. To examine the effect of aerobic exercises on depression in geriatric individuals. 38 sedentary individuals diagnosed with geriatric depression participated in this prospective cohort study. Vital signs, depression levels and quality of life were evaluated before and after the program. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05 in the analyzes. The respiratory frequency, Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale scores (p < 0.05), blood pressure and heart rate values (p < 0.001) decreased, and the change in median quality of life values increased (p < 0.001) after the aerobic exercise program. Aerobic exercises have positive effects on geriatric depression. The effectiveness of treatments can be increased by adding aerobic exercises to geriatric depression treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the extent to which individuals deliberately avoid the topic of pornography use with their partner and how such avoidance influences the association between pornography use and sexual satisfaction. We reasoned that such communicative avoidance may account for some of the negative relational effects associated with pornography use. A sample of 191 participants in mixed-sex relationships completed online measures of pornography use, sexual satisfaction, and domain-specific and overall measures of communicative avoidance. Men tended to avoid the topic of pornography use more than other topics that have the potential to cause relationship conflict. Women did not avoid the topic of pornography use more or less than other relationship topics. Controlling for pornography use, men and women who were more likely to avoid the topic of pornography use were less likely to be sexually satisfied; this association remained significant for men (but not women) after controlling their overall communicative avoidance. Lastly, men who were high pornography users and reported high levels of overall communication avoidance were most likely to report lower sexual satisfaction. Our findings underscore the need to pay careful attention to relational processes and dynamics when investigating the influence of pornography use on intimate relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined relations between political ideology, religiosity, individual characteristics, personal belief in a just world, and attitudes towards asexuals' parenting rights, aiming to understand the complex roots of sexual prejudice better. An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey in Greece between May 2 and 30 July 2021. Two hundred and four participants were recruited for this study. A between-subject, correlational design was employed. Bivariate correlation was generated to explore the associations between variables of interest. Next, a bootstrapping analysis for simple mediation models was conducted. Also, a multiple regression model was employed to predict attitudes towards asexuals' parenting rights from the study measures. This study suggests that religious opposition to asexuals' parenting rights is attributable, at least in part, to political ideology. In addition, gender is also a significant factor influencing the formation of attitudes towards asexuals' parenting rights. In light of the current debates regarding expanding sexual and gender minority rights in several countries, this study presents a timely investigation into the underpinnings of opposition to asexuals' parenting rights. Research data in this scarcely researched field may support the efforts of advocacy groups to promote social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst some research has been conducted into those who engage in non-consensual condom removal, the aim of the study was to explore the relationship between Dark Triad of Personality traits (i.e. machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) and arousal from, intention to engage in, and reported behavioural history of non-consensual condom removal (i.e. stealthing), which is a type of sexual violence. Results found that there were associations between all Dark Triad traits and all types of condom use resistance; individuals who were aroused by stealthing scenarios and who reported a behavioural history of stealthing scored significantly higher on machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy compared to those who were not aroused by or did not report a behavioural history of stealthing. Psychopathy and narcissism were found to be significant predictors of a person's reported intention to engage in stealthing behaviour. Future research into the relationship between Dark Triad and other types of personality traits and stealthing behaviour is needed to inform assessment, prevention, and treatment for perpetrators of this type of sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults aged 18–29-year-old, this study investigated the relationship between COVID-induced financial hardship and depression (N = 1080). About 40% of the sample had one or more financial hardships, a quarter reported depressive symptoms. The positive association between financial hardship and depression was cumulative: Those who had four different hardships were almost five times more likely to report depressive symptoms than those reported no hardship. Findings highlight the need to include financial stressors in mental health assessment and suggest a comprehensive policy response to mental health crisis among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, many children with extensive support needs—including children who require AAC—are accommodated in care centers rather than the public schooling system. Caregivers employed at these centers need training in order to support children's communication using augmentative and alternative methods. A total of 29 center-based caregivers took part in this study. A single group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effect of a 5-day training workshop on caregivers' ability to demonstrate and implement five AAC strategies. The effect of the workshop on caregivers' perceptions of their own skills as well as the social validity of the training were also evaluated. Results suggest that the workshop effectively taught caregivers to demonstrate the skills in a simulated roleplay situation. A proportion of caregivers also supplied video footage after the workshop that suggests the ability to implement the strategies in the care center contexts. Caregivers also perceived their own skills to have improved post workshop, and evaluated the training positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the content, concurrent validity, test-retest, and intra-rater reliability of the Persian version of the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) for evaluating functional mobility in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Following international standards for measurement translation, we developed a Persian version of the FMS. A total of 160 participants took part in this study. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's coefficient to correlate with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Test-retest (n = 30) and intra-rater (n = 30) reliability of the FMS were also examined by Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient. Concurrent validity ranged from −0.912 to −0.941 for children and −0.912 to −0.936 for adolescents. Test-retest ranged from 0.902 to 1. Intra-rater ranged from 0.933 to 0.987. The Persian version of the FMS demonstrates very strong validity and almost perfect reliability for assessing and classifying functional mobility in children and adolescents with CP. These findings suggest that this tool could be a useful addition to clinical practice and research for the Persian-speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although there are a growing number of studies investigating the benefits of music therapy interventions with patients diagnosed with cancer, few studies have taken an approach that specifically examines indices of perceived well-being in women with breast cancer. Overcoming these challenges can be an important step in the recovery process. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to know the positive influence of responsive music therapy through gong sounds, emitted live, on different areas of well-being of women with breast cancer. Methods: Four individual sessions of responsive music therapy with live gong sounds were conducted in which three women (M = 54; SD = 5.57) participated both in the music therapy program and in the completion of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B) and a semi-structured interview with ad hoc designed questions about perception of qualitative aspects. Results: The results showed that the music therapy sessions significantly improved, p =.043 < 0.05, various domains of perceived well-being in women with breast cancer. Discussion: This article highlights several key benefits associated with music therapy and various indices of well-being in women with breast cancer, identifies the limitations of the study, and discusses the findings. It is considered necessary to replicate this practice in future studies that include a larger sample and age range over longer follow-up periods. Translation for Health Education Practice: The text highlights the importance of considering music therapy as a complementary intervention in comprehensive cancer care programs, which may be relevant to health educators when considering intervention and support approaches for cancer patients. Health education interventions targeting the enhancement of cancer patients' well-being should incorporate music therapy techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are tasked with early fluid resuscitation for patients with sepsis. Traditional methods for prehospital fluid delivery are limited in speed and ease-of-use. We conducted a comparative effectiveness study of a novel rapid infusion device for prehospital fluid delivery in suspected sepsis patients. This pre-post observational study evaluated a hand-operated, rapid infusion device in a single large EMS system from July 2021-July 2022. Prior to device deployment, EMS clinicians completed didactic and simulation-based device training. Data were extracted from the EMS electronic health record. Eligible patients included adults with suspected sepsis treated by EMS with intravenous fluids. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving goal fluid volume (at least 500 mL) prior to hospital arrival. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, disposition, and length of stay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare outcomes between 6-month pre- and post-implementation periods (July-December 2021 and February-July 2022, respectively), adjusting for patient demographics, abnormal prehospital vital signs, and EMS transport interval. Of 1,180 eligible patients (552 in the pre-implementation period; 628 in the post-implementation period), the mean age was 72 years old, 45% were female, and 25% were minority race-ethnicity. Median (interquartile range) fluid volume (in mL) increased between the pre- and post-implementation periods (600 [400,1,000] and 850 [500–1,000], respectively). Goal fluid volume was achieved in 70% of pre-implementation patients and 82% of post-implementation patients. In adjusted analysis, post-implementation patients were significantly more likely to receive goal fluid volume than pre-implementation patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–2.66). Pre-post in-hospital mortality was not significantly different (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.59–1.39). In a single EMS system, sepsis education and introduction of a rapid infusion device was associated with achieving goal fluid volume for suspected sepsis. Further research is needed to assess the clinical effectiveness of infusion device implementation to improve sepsis patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Barriers to Physical Activity and Disability Survey (B-PADS) into the Thai context and to assess its inter- and intra-rater reliability. Methods: Participants were experts in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI, n = 3), linguistic experts (n = 7), Thai-English bilingual speakers (n = 40), Thai physiotherapists (n = 8), and people with SCI living in Thailand (n = 43). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the B-PADS into the Thai context was conducted using a 6-step process; forward translation, reconciliation of the two translated versions, backward-translation, harmonisation, backward-translation of the revised version, and cognitive debriefing with potential users and target population. The reliability of the translated tool was assessed using Cohen's kappa (K) and McNemar's test. Results: The inter-rater reliability test demonstrated high-range agreement for the majority of statements (27 out of 38; Cohen's K > 0.60) in the Thai-B-PADS final version. The intra-rater reliability test revealed that the majority of the statements (29 out of 38) in the Thai-B-PADS final version obtained substantial (Cohen's K = 0.61–0.80, p < 0.05) to perfect agreement (Cohen's K = 1.0, p < 0.05). McNemar's test displayed no statistically significant differences amongst assessors (p > 0.05) for nearly all statements. Conclusion: The Thai-B-PADS final version was successfully translated and culturally adapted for people with SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Multi-stakeholders, including academic experts, researchers, translators, clinicians, target users and clients, should be involved in developing health-related questionnaires' translation and cultural adaptation processes. The Thai version of Barriers to Physical Activity and Disability Survey (B-PADS) possessed high levels of inter- and intra-rater reliability to assess barriers related to undertaking physical activities or exercise in people with spinal cord injury. Interactional biases and perceived social status effects may not be avoided when deploying a face-to-face interview of health-related questionnaires in a culture where social hierarchy is present within the language. The translation and adaptation processes used in this study were thorough, systematic and comprehensive, providing a culturally competent exemplar for translating health-related questionnaires between languages of different root origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Ottawa Sitting Scale (OSS-T) in patients with acute stroke. Materials and methods: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) were used to determine the validity of the OSS-T. The OSS-T was re-applied by the same rater after an interval of 7 days to determine the reliability. To test inter-rater reliability, the evaluation was repeated by a second rater 1 day after the first evaluation. Reliability was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and validity was assessed by correlating the OSS-T scores with the results of the other measures. Results: The ICC of the total OSS-T score for inter-rater reliability was 0.996 and for intra-rater reliability, it was 0.951. The Cronbach's α coefficient used to determine internal consistency was 0.980, which indicates excellent reliability. A strong positive correlation was found between OSS-T and TIS (rho = 0.861, p < 0.001), and between OSS-T and BBS (rho = 0.875, p < 0.001). An evident 2-factor structure was shown by the results of the factor analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the OSS-T has strong measurement properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for research and clinical practice in patients with acute stroke. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Independent sitting function is an important indicator of functional recovery and discharge from hospital. Unlike other sitting balance tools, the Ottawa Sitting Scale can even categorize patients with low balance reserve by applying all the items with and without foot support. The Turkish version of the Ottawa Sitting Scale is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate sitting balance in patients with acute stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) committed genocide of the Yazidis in Sinjar 2014, resulting in dispersion and enslavement. Research shows severe mental health problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among survivors, but less is known about their resources and strengths, conceptualized as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Aims: are to examine the balance between symptoms and strengths among Yazidi women caring for their infants by identifying groups differing in PTSD and PTG, and analyze how demographic, obstetric, and infant-related factors associate with the groups. Method: Participants were 283 Yazidi mothers with their 1-18-month-old infants displaced in Kurdish Region of North Iraq. PTSD symptoms were measured by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and PTG by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results: identified four groups: "Severe symptoms and low growth" (39%), "Low symptoms and moderate growth" (38%), "Moderate symptoms and very high growth" (13%), and "Moderate symptoms and low growth" (10%). Low education, economic difficulties and obstetric problems related to the "Severe symptoms and low growth" group, whereas newborn and infant health problems did not have an impact. Conclusion: Effective help for genocide survivors should both alleviate suffering and encourage resources through tools of recreating a sense of cultural security and pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationship between nature relatedness (NR) on subjective positive well-being (life satisfaction) and mental disorders (depression, stress, and anxiety) in Vietnamese university students. 340 Hue University students voluntarily took part in the survey. The Nature Relatedness Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. Bivariate correlation, single regression, and moderation analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between NR and the mental health of university students and the moderating role of NR. Higher levels of NR significantly predicted higher levels of life satisfaction but did not significantly predict fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. NR significantly moderated the link between life satisfaction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings of this study imply that efforts to enhance students' mental health should include efforts to promote their NR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Health behavior research suggests that perceived social norms impact health decisions. This study aimed to (a) examine reasons for vaccine hesitancy among a sample of college students compared to a clinical sample (b) examine the accuracy of perceptions of others' receptivity and intention to seek out the COVID-19 vaccine, and (c) determine whether greater self-other normative discrepancies (SODs) were associated with increased likelihood to seek out the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants. Participants included 227 students at a Northeastern private college and 140 patients seeking medical care. Methods. College students completed an online, anonymous survey. Patients completed a paper-and-pencil survey distributed at appointment check-in. Results. Compared to their perceptions of others, participants had more positive beliefs about vaccines. The most common reason prompting individuals to seek out the vaccine was to return to "normal life." Conclusions. Future research might examine use of social norms interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to assess food insecurity among adults aged 65 and older. Among 8,877 older adults, 4 percent (N=287) reported low or very low food security levels. Those who identified as Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino were more likely to experience food insecurity compared to White individuals. The study found that merely surpassing the poverty threshold might not be sufficient to protect against food insecurity. It also underscored socioemotional support's protective role in older adults' food security. Social workers must recognize various factors influencing food security among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry needling (DN) uses a monofilament needle to reduce pain and is performed by various healthcare professions. Due to the invasive needle puncture, adverse events (AEs) have been associated with DN. It is unclear, which AEs should be included in a risk statement for Informed Consent (IC). The purpose of this study was to identify which AEs should be included in a risk statement for IC. A three-round e-Delphi study was undertaken using a panel of DN experts. Expert inclusion criteria included: (1) ≥5 years practice performing DN and one of the following secondary criteria: (A) certification in DN; (B) completion of a manual therapy fellowship that included DN training; or (C) ≥1 publication involving the use of DN. Participants rated their level of agreement using a 4-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as either: 1) ≥80% agreement; or 2) ≥70% and <80% agreement with median ≥3, interquartile range ≤1, and standard deviation ≤1. A total of 14 (28%) AEs achieved final consensus in Round 3 for inclusion on IC. Kendall's Coefficient (w) of agreement for Round 2 was 0.213 and improved to 0.349 after Round 3. Wilcoxon rank tests revealed statistically significant changes for 12 of the 50 AEs. Consensus was attained for 14 AEs for inclusion on IC. The AEs identified can be used for the development of a shorter, more concise IC risk statement. A total of 93.6% of experts agreed on definitions for AE classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although exercise is the mainstay of treatment for neck pain (NP), uncertainty remains over optimal decision-making concerning who may benefit most from such, particularly in the long term. To identify the subgroup of patients with nonspecific NP most likely to benefit from stretching and muscle-performance exercises. This was a secondary analysis of treatment outcomes of 70 patients (10 of whom dropped out) with a primary complaint of nonspecific NP in one treatment arm of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. All patients performed the exercises, twice weekly for 6 weeks, and a home exercise program. Blinded outcome measurements were collected at baseline, after the 6-week program, and at a 6-month follow-up. Patients rated their perceived recovery on a 15-point global rating of change scale; a rating of "quite a bit better" (+5) or higher was defined as a successful outcome. Clinical predictor variables were developed via logistic regression analysis to classify patients with NP that may benefit from exercise-based treatment. NP duration since onset≤6 months, no cervicogenic headache, and shoulder protraction were independent predictor variables. The pretest probability of success was 47% after the 6-week intervention and 40% at the 6-month follow-up. The corresponding posttest probabilities of success for participants with all three variables were 86% and 71%, respectively; such participants were likely to recover. The clinical predictor variables developed in this study may identify patients with nonspecific NP likely to benefit most from stretching and muscle-performance exercises in the short and long terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of surgical treatment on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Japanese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This three-institution cohort study included 106 Japanese patients with CRC (69 men; mean age: 62.6 ± 12.4 years; age range = 30–85 years). HRQOL was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2 one to two days prior to surgery (baseline) and four weeks after surgery. Clinical characteristics, social characteristics, and HRQOL at baseline were investigated. Physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and social functioning decreased significantly at four weeks after surgery compared with baseline, whereas mental health significantly improved. Physical functioning and general health perception showed an especially strong relation with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) at four weeks after surgery and HRQOL scores at baseline. The cutoff value for the 6MWT for clinically relevant improvement was 552.5 meters for physical functioning (area under curve [AUC] = 0.780, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.692–0.867) and 480.3 meters for general health perception (AUC = 0.721, 95% CI = 0.626–0.817). Patients with CRC could potentially improve their postoperative HRQOL by increasing their walking capacity post-surgery, and they may need follow-up interventions after discharge such as physical rehabilitation to do so. The results provide a potential pathway for improving HRQOL of Japanese patients with CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provider empathy is a crucial component in establishing therapeutic provider–patient relationships. The benefits of increased perceptions of empathy can support patient psychological adjustment to their cancer as well as patients' comfort and confidence in disclosing to providers, ultimately promoting patient engagement. Guided by the disclosure decision-making model, this manuscript explores how perceptions of empathy influence patient psychological adjustment and how those variables influence patient disclosure efficacy. The model ultimately predicts patient sharing and withholding of information during the medical interaction. This study tested a mediation model to investigate how current (n = 111) and former (n = 174) breast cancer patients' psychological adjustment mediates the relationship between patient perceptions of oncologist empathic communication and efficacy to disclose health information to their oncologist and their disclosure enactment in sharing and withholding. Overall, former patients compared to current patients had more positive perceptions of their oncologist's empathic communication, had better psychological adjustment, felt more self-efficacy to disclose to their oncologist, and shared more and withheld less information from their oncologist (p <.05 in all cases). Structural equation modeling revealed good fit to the data for both current and former patients such that more perceived empathic communication was associated with more efficacy for disclosure, which was associated with more sharing and less withholding. Additionally, there was an indirect relationship from perceptions of empathic communication to disclosure efficacy through patients' psychological adjustment to the diagnosis. Results reinforce the importance of providers' empathic communication for cancer patients' psychological adjustment because patient sharing and withholding of information remain crucially important to achieving holistic care across the cancer trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the efficacy of inoculation treatments in preventing anti-vaccination propaganda. Study predictions were tested in an independent-group experiment (N = 165), wherein participants were randomly assigned to a fact-based inoculation or a logic-based inoculation or a control message, with an excerpt from an anti-vaccination conspiracy film, Vaxxed, used as a counterattitudinal attack message. The results indicated that both inoculation treatments (fact-based and logic-based) were effective at instilling resistance to counter-persuasion, as compared to the control condition, and both types of inoculation messages were equal in their potential to facilitate resistance. In addition, we tested whether inoculating participants against an anti-vaccination conspiracy would help prevent the endorsement of other conspiracy theories. The data revealed that inoculating against one type of a conspiracy did not foster protection against other types of conspiratorial ideas, and, similar to previous research, endorsing one type of a conspiracy theory was positively associated with the endorsement of other conspiracies. These and other results are discussed along with their implications, limitations, and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how organizations may promote their employees' mental health in difficult times. Drawing from organizational crisis communication and organizational health promotion research, it proposed and tested a dual-process model that links leadership health support, an essential dimension of organizational health culture, with organizational leaders' crisis communication (i.e. use of ethical-base responses) and workers' self-care awareness and perceived stress in a crisis. Through a survey of 502 full-time U.S. employees conducted during COVID-19, we found that organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses predicted employees' enhanced self-care awareness and decreased stress levels. Further, leadership health support provided a double-buffer effect to sustain employee mental health by directly bolstering employees' self-care awareness and organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses. The findings of this study bridge the gaps in organizational health promotion and crisis communication literature and offer practical suggestions for organizations seeking to foster employees' mental health challenges during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been defined as the integration of best available scientific evidence, patient preferences, and individual clinical expertise. A range of barriers for implementing EBP in physiotherapy practice have been identified, but little is known about the underlying causes. The objective was to explore how physiotherapists in private practice perceive EBP, how they use, and what their main challenges are. This study used a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. It consisted of a 28-item questionnaire informed by systematic reviews with a deductive approach and semi-structured interviews with a phenomenological and inductive approach. The results from the questionnaire (n = 216) and the interviews (n = 9) showed that physiotherapists are more likely to implement EBP if they have sufficient flexibility in time allocation to facilitate shared decision-making and increase the integration of patient preferences. Support from colleagues and the workplace culture were identified as both a challenge and a potential facilitator for increased use of EBP. Participants in this study experienced several modifiable challenges, including lack of flexibility in time allocation and insufficient time to build rapport with the patient. Physiotherapists show inconsistency in their understanding of what EBP is – this ultimately becomes an additional and yet undescribed barrier for implementation of EBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cannabis use and misuse is known to be associated with a variety of negative health, academic, and work-related outcomes; therefore, it is important to study the factors that contribute to or moderate its use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether risky behavior, belongingness and social support as clustering variables play a role in cannabis use frequency. Method: In a university student sample, participant data on risky behavior, belongingness and social support were used to generate vulnerability profiles through cluster analysis (low vulnerability with low risk, low vulnerability with high belonging, moderate vulnerability, and high vulnerability). Using an analysis of variance, the vulnerability profiles were compared with respect to cannabis use frequency and quantity. Through chi-square tests we assessed whether these profiles are overrepresented in certain demographics. Results: The cluster analysis yielded four groups, which differed in their vulnerability for cannabis use. The most vulnerable cluster group had higher cannabis use frequency relative to the two least vulnerable groups. Low income vs. high income was also associated with high vulnerability group membership. International students were overrepresented in the low vulnerability with high belonging group relative to the low vulnerability with low-risk group. The opposite was observed for domestic students. Conclusions: This research adds to the expanding body of literature on cannabis use and misuse in Canada, which may contribute to public health policy and the prevention and treatment of cannabis addiction by providing new insight on who may be at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with suicidal ideation in schizophrenia patients in China using decision tree and logistic regression models. From October 2020 to March 2022, patients with schizophrenia were chosen from Chifeng Anding Hospital and Daqing Third Hospital in Heilongjiang Province. A total of 300 patients with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria were investigated by questionnaire. The questionnaire covered general data, suicidal ideation, childhood trauma, social support, depressive symptoms and psychological resilience. Logistic regression analysis revealed that childhood trauma and depressive symptoms were risk factors for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia (OR = 2.330, 95%CI: 1.177 ~ 4.614; OR = 10.619, 95%CI: 5.199 ~ 21.688), while psychological resilience was a protective factor for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia (OR = 0.173, 95%CI: 0.073 ~ 0.409). The results of the decision tree model analysis demonstrated that depressive symptoms, psychological resilience and childhood trauma were influential factors for suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC for the logistic regression model and the decision tree model were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.821 ~ 0.916) and 0.863 (95% CI: 0.814 ~ 0.912) respectively, indicating excellent accuracy of the models. Meanwhile, the logistic regression model had a sensitivity of 0.834 and a specificity of 0.743 when the Youden index was at its maximum. The decision tree model had a sensitivity of 0.768 and a specificity of 0.8. Decision trees in combination with logistic regression models are of high value in the study of factors influencing suicidal ideation in schizophrenia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While existing research has shown that Black adults have worse cognitive functioning than their White counterparts, the psychosocial correlates of cognitive functioning for Black older adults are understudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience resources, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older Black adults. Data were from 3,191 Black adults ages 51+ in the 2008–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to examine associations among neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience (sense of purpose, mastery, and social support), and cognitive functioning among Black adults. Multilevel linear regression models assessed direct effects of neighborhood characteristics and psychosocial resources on cognitive functioning. We then tested whether psychosocial resources moderated the association between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning. Mean levels of cognitive functioning, sense of purpose, social support, and mastery were significantly related to neighborhood disorder and discohesion. Regression results showed that levels of neighborhood disorder and high discohesion were significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Sense of purpose was positively associated with cognitive functioning, net of neighborhood characteristics. However, only social support moderated the association between neighborhood discohesion and cognition. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining psychosocial and contextual risk and resilience resources among midlife and older Black adults. This work may inform the development of cognitive behavioral interventions aimed at increasing sense of purpose to promote and enhance cognitive resiliency among Black adults. Altogether, this work may have implications for policy aimed at advancing cognitive health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When participants enrolled in an HIV prevention trial hold a preventive misconception (PM) – expectations that experimental interventions will confer protection from HIV infection – they may engage in behaviors that increase their risk of acquiring HIV. This can raise ethical concerns about whether those enrolled in the trial understand the nature of participation and their safety. Consequently, we systematically evaluated the prevalence of PM and its association with risk behaviors in a trial examining three candidate regimens for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in which all participants received at least one antiretroviral agent. Overall, trial participants exhibited relatively high preventive expectations that may be associated with an increase in risk behaviors among men who have sex with men. In addition, we identified substantial site variability in PM that necessitates future research to uncover its source. This will allow appropriate measures to be taken to mitigate PM and help ensure that participants have an accurate understanding of the potential risks and benefits of trial participation throughout the course of a trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental representations of the child are linked to positive developmental outcomes in children, but the impact of prenatal representations on early social-emotional development, particularly from fathers, is less understood. This study explores how fathers' and mothers' prenatal representations within two-parent families are associated with early social-emotional development. Prenatal representations of fathers (n = 88) and mothers (n = 92) were assessed between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation using the Working Model of the Child Interview, categorizing them as balanced or nonbalanced. The children's (n = 97; 49.5% girls) social-emotional and behavioral problems and competencies were measured at 18 months using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Balanced prenatal representations of both parents were related to higher social-emotional competence in toddlers. However, prenatal representations were not related to social-emotional and behavioral problems. The results highlight the benefits of balanced prenatal representations in promoting early social-emotional competence in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Across the globe, shortages of nurses and midwives in rural regions persist. Advanced practice nursing has been found to address workforce shortages through career progression aimed at retention. A regional health service sought to consult with staff about developing an advanced practice nursing framework. Aims: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of nurses and midwives at a regional health service on (i) how their roles aligned with the modified Advanced Practice Role Delineation (APRD) tool and (ii) the potential for implementation of such a framework at their service. Design: A case study conducted at Goulburn Valley Health (GVH) in southeast Australia used a mixed method design with a survey of all nursing and midwifery staff and focus groups with senior staff. Methods: All nurses and midwives were asked to complete a validated modified ARPD questionnaire and those in Grades 3–6 were asked to participate in a focus group. Results: From 183 questionnaires and 38 participants in the focus group discussions, findings concurred that nurses and midwives at GVH reported spending most time on direct patient care and minimal time on research activities, publication and/or leadership. While education was strongly embraced and advanced practice usually supported, senior staff cited the lack of resources, the culture and staff shortages as restricting opportunities for education, career development and implementation of an advanced practice framework. Conclusions: While an advanced practice framework could address staff shortages at this health service, implementation of such a framework is constrained by the lack of resources and workforce shortages common in rural health services. A national strategy that embeds advanced practice roles and resources implementation of advanced practice nursing and midwifery frameworks in areas of need is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we review institutional and psychological predictors of university students' mental health help-seeking intentions, depression, anxiety, resilience, and perceived university support and structure. An online survey was completed by a convenience sample of 199 university students from the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe (age 18–56 years). A multiple regression analysis identified only depression and perceived university support and structure to be significant predictors of student help-seeking. Organisational structure and support facilities that may benefit student help-seeking and wellbeing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the association between frailty and internet (non-)use, using representative data – collected between 2004 and 2021 – of community dwelling people aged 60 and older living in Flanders, Belgium (N = 43,048). Multidimensional frailty was measured by the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (CFAI), which is a reliable and valid instrument to assess physical, psychological, social and environmental dimensions of frailty. Internet use was dichotomised into users and non-users. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that the physical domain is the most strongly related frailty factor to internet (non-)use, and this has been a constant trend since 2004. Those in the high physical frailty group have the highest probabilities of being non-user and are up to 8.0% more likely to be non-user than those in the 'no-low' physical frailty group. Future research should investigate how human-technology interaction can be improved and make internet technologies more manageable for physical frail older adults. However, average marginal effects indicate that sociodemographic variables are more strongly related to internet (non-)use than frailty domains. This result shows that internet non-use in older people is multifactorial in origin and not only attributed to their frailty status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of information presentation on operator performance in digital control systems at different levels of task difficulty in order to resolve the conflict between 'large amounts of information' and 'limited display'. By using software to present figures of varying difficulty as target information, the operator's behaviour such as page switching and target clicking is simulated to obtain data. Simultaneously, eye-tracking technique was used to analyse how the way information was presented at different levels of difficulty influenced the subjects' search performance. The results show that subjects' performance gradually decreases as the difficulty of the numbers grows for both presentations, and it is found that the complexity of the content of the navigation bar may have influenced the subjects to some extent. In addition, the different position of the navigation bar where the target is located will result in a change in the search pattern. It is noticeable that dividing the single page into double pages can effectively alleviate the contradiction of 'large amount of information' and 'limited display' in designing the system interface. Therefore, this study provides certain guideline value for the interface design of digital control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer emotions and brand awareness are closely linked to the online advertising experience. Interactivity can enhance consumers' engagement with social media sites and brands. However, there is a lack of research on evaluating consumers' experience in social media interactive campaigns. To address this gap, the study proposes using mouse tracking as an unobtrusive method to collect consumers' behavioural responses while interacting with gamified campaigns. The study involved 21 users who completed two experimental tasks, during which mouse data and explicit self-reported responses about their emotional states, brand awareness, and purchase intent were collected. Thirteen mouse features were calculated, including time between clicks, time between movements, speed, acceleration, total number of clicks, total number of movements, and total number of pauses. The study found that fast movements and a low number of actions were associated with a positive user experience in terms of brand awareness and intention to buy or recommend the product, while slow movements and long or frequent pauses were associated with negative emotions such as stress, frustration, and confusion. The findings indicate that mouse tracking can be a valuable tool for assessing brand engagement and the emotional dimensions of users' interactions with gamified marketing campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]