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The article discusses issues on contractual liability and the theory of contract law. Other topics include the theory of contract as a promise, the concept of Oliver Wendell Holmes on the strict standard of liability for contractual breach called Holmesian account, the instrumental theory of strict liability, as well as the basic efficient breach theory.

Global justice is, at its core, about moral obligations to distant others. But which obligations ought to be included is a matter of considerable debate. In the discussion that follows I will explicate and challenge two objections to the inclusion of foundationally positive obligations in our account of global justice. The first objection is based on the proposition that negative obligations possess and positive obligations lack a property necessary for a moral demand to be a matter justice. The second objection is that even the most trivial positive obligation becomes overly burdensome when applied to the global arena. And, though I do not offer any particular substantive account of positive obligations to distant others; I assess some of the implications that would arise were positive obligations to distant others to be included in our account of global justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on human rights in terms of systems of social allocation and provision. It discusses the responsibilities of states in ensuring that citizens are given with the goods, services and protection required in enjoying their rights. It outlines the basic elements of a social provision approach. It also presents the comparison between social provision approach and violations approach and offers two illustrative applications.