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Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) plays a critical role in the transduction of many signaling pathways and is associated with many diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential and ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression that contributes to distinct transcript variants and many different kinds of proteins. In this present study, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild-type chicken macrophages (WT) and RIP2 overexpression/knockdown chicken macrophages (oeRIP2/shRIP2) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 1901, 2061, and 817 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of oeRIP2 vs. WT, oeRIP2 vs. shRIP2, and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. These DE AS genes participated in many important KEGG pathways, including regulation of autophagy, Wnt signaling pathway, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion, etc. In conclusion, this research provided a broad atlas of the genome-wide scale of the AS event landscape in RIP2 overexpression/knockdown and wild-type chicken macrophages. This research also provides the theoretical basis of the gene network related to RIP2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colibacillosis is a complex disease that caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), resulting in huge economic loss to the global poultry industry and threatening to human health. Alternative splicing (AS) is a universal post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, which can simultaneously produce many proteins from a single gene to involve in various diseases and individual development. Herein, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild type macrophages (WT) and APEC infected macrophages (APEC) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 751 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of APEC vs. WT, including 587 of SE, 114 of MXE, 25 of RI, 17 of A3 and 8 of A5 event. Functional analysis showed that these identified DE AS genes were involved in 'Endocytosis', 'p53 signaling pathway', 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'NOD-like receptor signaling pathway', 'Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis' and 'Focal adhesion' immune related pathways. In summary, we comprehensively investigate AS events during APEC infection. This study has expanded our understanding of the process of APEC infection and provided new insights for further treatment options for APEC infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is a common pathogen in the poultry industry, which can cause substantial economic losses. Recently, emerging evidence showed that miRNAs were involved in various viral and bacterial infections. To elucidate the role of miRNAs in chicken macrophages in response to APEC infection, we attempted to investigate the miRNAs expression pattern upon APEC infection via miRNA-seq, and to identify the molecular mechanism of the important miRNAs by using RT-qPCR, western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and CCK-8. The results showed that a total of 80 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in comparison of APEC vs. wild-type group, which corresponded to 724 target genes. Moreover, the target genes of the identified DE miRNAs were mainly significantly enriched in the MAPK signalling pathway, autophagy-bird, mTOR signalling pathway, ErbB signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, and TGF-beta signalling pathway. Remarkably, gga-miR-181b-5p is able to participate in host immune and inflammatory responses against APEC infection via targeting of TGFBR1 to modulate the activation of TGF-beta signalling pathway. Collectively, this study provides a perspective of miRNA expression patterns in chicken macrophages upon APEC infection. These findings provide insight into miRNAs against APEC infection, and gga-miR-181b-5p might be a potential target for treating APEC infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]