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Anticipation of ground reaction force (GRF) in depth jumping requires multisensory integration of exteroceptive, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs. Vision contributes to the anticipation of GRF in drop landings and may influence depth jump performance when disrupted. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of stroboscopic vision on depth jump performance. Thirteen female NCAA Division I volleyball athletes completed a testing protocol consisting of 0.38 m depth jumps under condition of full vision and stroboscopic vision at strobe frequencies of 4 and 1.75 Hz. Depth jump performance was assessed via the Reactive Strength Index (RSI) and time-series vertical GRF (vGRF) data. Main effects of stroboscopic vision were evaluated for statistical significance via Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance with post hoc multiple paired t-tests (α = 0.05). RSI (p < 0.001) and rebound jump height (p = 0.006) were lower in the 1.75 Hz stroboscopic condition versus full vision, while ground contact time (p = 0.008), and rate of vertical ground reaction force development (p = 0.016) were greater in the 1.75 Hz stroboscopic condition versus full vision. Stroboscopic vision could be used to modify the intensity of depth jumping and considered for inclusion into plyometric training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of the current study were to develop a questionnaire to measure parental physical activity (PA) support in parents of children with disabilities and to examine factors associated with parental PA support. A questionnaire measuring parental PA support in parents of children with disabilities (PPSQ for PCD), consisting of three constructs (encouragement, co-PA, and logistic support) with 19 items, was initially developed and evaluated by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Three independent multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between the three constructs and parental PA orientation variables. With the item deletion approach, the final model with 12 items (four items in each construct) was developed, which revealed an excellent model fit ( x 2 = 78.42 [df = 51, p =.008], CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.94. RMSEA = 0.05). The multiple regression analyses revealed that parental orientation variables were differently associated with each construct of the PPSQ for PCD. The PPSQ for PCD consists of three constructs, differently associated with parental orientation variables. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to assess parental PA support. The Parental Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) can be used to assess parental physical activity support in parents of children with disabilities. The PPAQ measures three constructs (i.e., types) of parental physical activity support including encouragement, co-physical activity, and logistic support. Parental physical activity orientations (e.g., importance, enjoyment, and behavior) are differently associated with each construct of parental physical activity support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need arose for replacing conventional forms of education with remote classes. Therefore, it was decided to test the effectiveness of a social skills workshop conducted using active online methods for second-year physiotherapy students. The experimental factor was the contents of workshop classes taught online. The platforms Teams, Zoom and the Messenger were used to carry out the experiment. The workshops used active learning methods: simulation of work situation, drama, peer feedback and interaction-based communication. The results obtained from 78 participants (pre-test and post-test, including 45 women) were analysed. The age of the participants ranged from 20 to 22 years, with a mean of 20.7 years. A self-reported social skills questionnaire consisting of 30 statements was used. Participation in the course resulted in a significant increase in the index of general social competences of the students (F1.76=38.66; p <.0001; η2=.337; observed power (for α =.05) 1 − β > 0.99. There was no interaction between course participation and the gender of the participants (p =.0849). Online workshops using active teaching methods, which are an essential element of future physiotherapists' preparation for clinical work, can stimulate the development of their social skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometrical properties of a new brief measure of gender stereotyping career attitudes. Participants were 222 early and 196 middle adolescents from Croatia. The Vocational Gender Stereotype Attitudes Scale (VGSA) consists of 12 items that represent masculine, feminine and gender-balanced activities obtained from the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI). The results showed the existence of the bifactor model and high internal reliability of VGSA scale in assessing gender stereotyping attitudes. Results also confirmed acceptable measurement invariance across gender and age groups. Moreover, no gender differences in general career gender stereotyping were found, while early adolescents show greater stereotype endorsement, which is in line with theoretical expectations and supports the construct validity of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterised by recurring memories of a traumatic experience despite deliberate attempts to forget (i.e., suppression). The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has been used widely in the laboratory to study suppression-induced forgetting. During the task, participants learn a series of cue-target word pairs. Subsequently, they are presented with a subset of the cue words and are instructed to think (respond items) or not think about the corresponding target (suppression items). Baseline items are not shown during this phase. Successful suppression-induced forgetting is indicated by the reduced recall of suppression compared to baseline items in recall tests using either the same or different cues than originally studied (i.e., same- and independent-probe tests, respectively). The current replication was a pre-registered collaborative effort to evaluate an online experimenter-present version of the paradigm in 150 English-speaking healthy individuals (89 females; MAge = 31.14, SDAge = 7.73). Overall, we did not replicate the suppression-induced forgetting effect (same-probe: BF01 = 7.84; d = 0.03 [95% CI: −0.13; 0.20]; independent-probe: BF01 = 5.71; d = 0.06 [95% CI: −0.12; 0.24]). These null results should be considered in light of our online implementation of the paradigm. Nevertheless, our findings call into question the robustness of suppression-induced forgetting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of isovitexin on ulcerative colitis mice and RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that isovitexin had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and could restore intestinal barrier integrity (p < 0.01). In addition, isovitexin inhibited the expression of MyD88, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins. At the same time, isovitexin can inhibit the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, isovitexin has a protective effect on UC mice, and its improvement mechanism of UC might be related to MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes chiapen T (1) and chiapen U (2), along with chiapen A (3), 1β-hydroxy-2β,6α,12-triacetoxy-8β-(β-nicotinoyloxy)-9β-(benzoyloxy)-β-dihydroagarofuran (4), wilforlide B (5), 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-friedelen-29-oic acid (6), epikatonic acid (7), 22-epi-maytenfolic acid (8), maytenoic acid (9), wilforic acid F (10), wilforic acid B (11), were reported for the first time from the Celastrus angulatus. The structures of all the compounds were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 were examined for anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. None of them showed potent activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation on 90% methanol extract from the leaves of Juglans sigillata led to the isolation of three new triterpenoids, jugsigiloids A–C (1–3). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1 D and 2 D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated components were evaluated in vitro for anti-inflammatory activities against COX-1 and COX-2 and radical scavenging potential using DPPH test. As a result, triterpenoid 1 exhibited selective inhibition on COX-2 (93.2%) at the concentration of 100 μM and significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 41.6 μM) comparable with positive control Trolox (IC50 = 42.8 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People frequently regulate their own behaviour in an effort to be socially appropriate. Here we ask how self-monitoring influences our accuracy when reading others' facial expressions. We used webcams and pre-programmed conversations to induce self-monitoring or other-monitoring in participants, before they classified the affective facial expressions of video-recorded actors. Two experiments showed that self-monitoring reduces sensitivity to affective facial expression in others. Experiment 1 showed that self-monitoring participants were less sensitive to emotional facial expressions than other-monitoring and neutral condition participants. Experiment 2 found the same result, but only in participants who rated the pre-programmed conversations as high in believability. We discuss possible mechanisms by which this may occur, including the role of social stress, divided attention, and automatic latent imitation when processing others' facial expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a sailing simulation-based therapeutic rehabilitation program for individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) during the subacute phase of the injury. Participants were 11 patients, aged between 20–56 years (Mage = 42.36, SDage=12.90), who were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group, within a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design. While both groups followed the rehabilitation programmed by the hospital, experimental group participants were enrolled in an interactive rehabilitation exercise (The vSail-Access®, Virtual Sailing Pty Ltd). For this intervention, each subject underwent a semi-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) navigation therapy for 30–40 min per day, three times per week for six weeks. Quality of life (QoL), functionality and balance variables were measured for both groups one week before and after the intervention. Data was generated based on patients' responses using validated questionnaires and tests. A 2 (groups) × 2 (test-time) MANOVA was performed to detect between-group and within-group differences. Significant improvements were obtained in the experimental group in the mobility and balance variables, and in the global result of QoL. The sailing simulation program, included as a therapy within the rehabilitation process after a SCI, provides participants with an overall increase in QoL and functionality. Virtual reality is a therapy that can be part of the rehabilitation process of spinal cord injuries in the acute phase, improving functional capacity. The initiation to recreational sailing in a virtual way is a safe tool for the initiation to the practice of sports. The practice of a dynamic sport, such as sailing, helps to improve the quality of life in spinal cord injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are an ideal setting in which to measure and promote mental health difficulties. The aim of present study was to develop the Nemad Electronic Mental-Health Assessment Devices for Children (NEMAD-C) aged 6 to 12 years in Iran. A sample of parents and teachers (N = 10,163) were recruited to complete the parent and teacher reports. Totally, explorative and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the eight-factor model provides a better fit for both parental report and teacher report versions. Results revealed a screening tool consisting of eight dimensions: child abuse risk, self-harm, anxiety, depression, disruptive behavior disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, academic achievement deficit, and self-regulation. Findings showed that the internal consistency coefficients of the subscales were high, and convergent validity was evidenced by significant correlations with theoretically related constructs. Therefore, the NEMAD-C has adequate reliability and validity and could be used for multi-dimensional assessment of mental health problems in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the use of online platforms for Christian worship and emphasised the need for a simple psychometric instrument that is sufficiently general to assess affect responses to a range worship services. This paper reports on the development of the six-item Scale of Perceived Affect Response to Online Worship (SPAROW) during the third UK pandemic lockdown in 2021. The scale items were included in an online survey completed from January to July 2021 by 2,017 Anglicans living in England and 1713 Roman Catholics from the UK or the Republic of Ireland. Exploratory Factor Analysis (principal components extraction and varimax rotation) in the Anglican sample indicated a single-dimensional scale that had excellent internal consistency reliability for those who accessed pre-recorded services (α =.90, n = 1238) and live-streamed services (α =.91, n = 1492). Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the Roman Catholic sample using a Structural Equation Model showed a good fit to a single-dimensional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research supports the dual continuua model of mental health, i.e., the integration between the disease model or psychopathology and the psychological model or positive mental health. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate the Mental Wellness and Illness Scale (MWIS) and to explore its association with the Big-Five personality factors. A sample of 1418 Egyptian college students (618 men and 800 women) took part in this study. They responded, in Arabic to the MWIS. It consists of 20 brief items in two subscales (10 for mental health and 10 for mental illness). The scale has acceptable to good internal consistency, and criterion-related validity. Two high-loaded components were extracted and labelled "Mental health" and "Mental illness". Their inter-correlation was significant but modest. Gender differences were significant: men obtained the higher mean score on mental health, whereas women had the higher mean score on mental illness. The Mental Health Subscale scores were significantly correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, openness conscientiousness (positively), and neuroticism (negatively) for both sexes. The Mental Illness Subscale score was significantly associated with neuroticism (positively) and extraversion (negatively) in both men and women. The MWIS has Arabic and English equivalent versions. Based on its good psychometric characteristics, the MWIS is recommended to assess the dual continuum model of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-leg into Korean (K-LYMQOL-leg) and test its reliability and validity. The LYMQOL-leg was translated forward and backward from English to Korean. Fifty-five patients with lower limb lymphedema completed the K-LYMQOL-leg and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) at the first visit, and the K-LYMQOL-leg was re-administered within a week. Reliability was tested by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Cronbach's alpha for each domain. Face validity was evaluated, and concurrent validity was verified by comparing the K-LYMQOL-leg domain scores with the corresponding EORTC-QLQ-C30 and limb volume scales. The known-group construct validity was then assessed. Excellent reliability was confirmed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.851–0.878) and test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.901–0.936) in the four domains. A significant correlation was confirmed in the appearance domain with limb volume (r = 0.424) and in the other domains [function, symptom, and mood], with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 scales (r = −0.779, 0.712, and −0.783). Known-group validity was confirmed in all four domains. The K-LYMQOL-leg verified in this study can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with lymphedema or in research as an outcome. Among cancer treatment-related complications, lymphedema of the lower extremities severely and persistently reduces the health-related quality of life of cancer survivors. The Korean version of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-leg (K-LYMQOL-leg) is an easy, reliable and valid questionnaire for patients with lower limb lymphedema. K-LYMQOL-leg will be useful in assessing the quality of life of patients with lower limb lymphedema in a clinical setting or for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute facial-nerve injury. To investigate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and dexamethasone on nerve regeneration. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups. Facial-nerve injury was created using a full-thickness incision in all groups except Group E. Next, primary anastomosis, PRF application, topical dexamethasone application, primary anastomosis with topical PRF and dexamethasone application, and no facial-nerve repair were performed in Groups A, B, C, D, and F, respectively. Clinical, functional, and structural improvements were evaluated at eight weeks. The mean eye-closure movement score in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group F (p <.001). The mean whisker-movement score in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group F (p =.001). The mean amplitude of whisker movement in Group F was significantly lower than those in Groups A, B, C, and E, and the mean amplitude in Group D was significantly lower than that in Group E (p <.001). Furthermore, an improvement in nerve ultrastructure was observed in Group B. PRF application has a positive effect on nerve recovery after anastomosis. Contribute to the literature to improve nerve regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paucity of data on research funding levels for male reproductive health (MRH). We investigated the research funding for MRH and infertility by examining publicly accessible web-databases from the UK and USA government funding agencies. Information on the funding was collected from the UKRI-GTR, the NIHR's Open Data Summary, and the USA's NIH RePORT web-databases. Funded projects between January 2016 and December 2019 were recorded and funding support was divided into three research categories: (i) male-based; (ii) female-based; and (iii) not-specified. Between January 2016 and December 2019, UK agencies awarded a total of £11,767,190 to 18 projects for male-based research and £29,850,945 to 40 projects for female-based research. There was no statistically significant difference in the median funding grant awarded within the male-based and female-based categories (p = 0.56, W = 392). The USA NIH funded 76 projects totalling $59,257,746 for male-based research and 99 projects totalling $83,272,898 for female-based research Again, there was no statistically significant difference in the median funding grant awarded between the two research categories (p = 0.83, W = 3834). This is the first study examining funding granted by main government research agencies from the UK and USA for MRH. This results should stimulate further discussion of the challenges of tackling male infertility and reproductive health disorders and formulating appropriate investment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of jump landing direction and leg dominance on the Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and the importance of the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) co-activation ratio. Fifteen female sports players performed unilateral jump landing, for the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) legs in anterior (AJL), lateral (LJL), and vertical directions (DJL). The results indicated that the DPSI was higher in DJL compared to LJL and AJL. Besides, the DPSI score during DJL was higher in NDL indicating lower stabilization capacity associated with a lower H/Q co-activation ratio. A significant correlation was found between H/Q co-activation ratio and DPSI in the DL during AJL (r = −0.57). Current results suggest that DJL was more appropriate to evaluate dynamic postural stability since it highlights limb asymmetry. In addition, H/Q co-activation appears to play an essential role in the effectiveness of ground reaction force stabilization during jump landing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a scale of perceived salient organizational career management practices based on a survey of 420 social workers from social work organizations in Guangdong province, China. A two-factor structure OCM scale was constructed using items reflecting the components of organizational career management (OCM) practices. The scale showed sufficient reliability and validity. The results demonstrated the necessity of designing promotion ladders, relevant training, career counseling and other OCM measures to assist social workers in their career progression. The perceived salient OCM scale helps social work managers to understand how social workers perceive OCMpractices in social work organizations. Social work managers can specifically target OCM practices to social workers, and a systemic career progression ladder will facilitate a proactive and flexible response to social workers' aspirations. Organizations should organize their OCM practices systematically, and the entire OCM system should be monitored and reviewed methodically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccination is an effective strategy for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, worrying about side effects (WSE) from the COVID-19 vaccine is the leading concern making people hesitant to get vaccinated. Regrettably, there are few studies on alleviating the negative impacts of WSE on COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to assess whether message framing (gain- and loss-framed) can moderate the impacts of WSE on the willingness to vaccinate. We conducted an online self-administered survey experiment with three groups: control group (non-framed group), gain-framed groups, and loss-framed groups. In total, 981 participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and their willingness to vaccinate themselves, their children, and elderly members was recorded. People with a higher level of WSE exhibited a lower willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19. However, the gain- and loss-framed messages increased people's willingness to vaccinate themselves, their children, and the elderly. Compared to the gain-framed messages, the loss-framed messages had a greater impact on enhancing people's willingness to self-vaccinate, but not on vaccinating their children and the elderly. Although the gain- and loss-framed messages weakened the negative impacts of WSE on the willingness to be vaccinated, their buffer effect was non-significantly different. The findings in this study suggest that a loss-framed messaging strategy could be a valuable tool in disseminating information on vaccination against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to present the construction process of the Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP) and, as well, evidence of its content validity. The ICAP was developed to evaluate coping strategies in Paralympic athletes aged 18 years and older, possessing physical and/or visual impairment. The instrument is self-reported and includes the dimensions of Self-Reliance, Support-Seeking, Problem-Solving, Information-Seeking, Accommodation, Negotiation, Delegation, Social Isolation, Helplessness, Escape, Submission, and Opposition. Development of the instrument involved: (1) theoretical foundation based on the motivational theory of coping; (2) construction of the preliminary version of the instrument; (3) items analysis by expert judges; (4) semantic analysis of the items; and (5) pilot study. These procedures enabled the creation and refinement of the instrument. Some items were deleted and modified, reaching a final version of 91 items. This exhaustive process is considered to have ensured the content validity of the instrument. It is hoped that the ICAP can contribute in the future to the areas of sports psychology and Paralympic sport, both in the context of research and in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of suicide attempts remains a handicap for suicide prevention. Most studies have focused on risk factors, but few have assessed protective factors that promote resilient outcomes, especially in subpopulations vulnerable to suicide re-attempts. This study aims to create and adapt a new Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA), and to analyse its predictive validity and diagnostic capacity for the detection of suicide re-attempts at six months in people who have made a previous attempt. Design and main outcome measures: The psychometric properties and diagnostic capacity of the resulting SRSA-18 scale were assessed in 229 persons (where 133–58.1% were women, aged 18- to 76-year old) who had made a previous suicide attempt. Factor analyses (AFE and AFC) yielded a three-dimensional structure with excellent goodness-of-fit indices RMSEA, high levels of reliability and adequate convergent validity with the Suicide Resilience Inventory-25 (SRI-25) scale. Additionally, the SRSA-18 has significant diagnostic power on suicide re-attempts across months of follow-up. Reliable and valid protective factor-based instruments for the detection of future suicide re-attempts may help in the prevention of suicide-associated mortality in specific clinical subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals' conceptual knowledge of contemporary biological issues influences ethical attitudes and life decisions around health, as evidenced by the recent worldwide debate on vaccinations. The reasons for which the public opinion is so critically divided can be partially explained from the didactic approaches used in biology education. In view of the rapid evolution of Virtual Reality (VR) as well as the increasing interest that youths have shown toward Escape Rooms (ER), an unexplored research and development avenue is identified. In this experimental study, we present the design and development steps as well as the evaluation of a VRER dedicated to biology education. For comparison purposes, an educational instructional video utilising the storytelling technique was also prepared. Both approaches were examined in the upper secondary education context with participants (N = 50) emerging from the Applied Sciences academic path. The key-findings suggest that the active learning approach leads to increased knowledge acquisition, in the short term, as opposed to the passive learning approach but no significant differences were identified in the long term (knowledge retention) across the methods. Based on the instructional decisions made and the key-findings emerged we provide implications and guidelines for the design, development, and integration of VRER in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated vehicles (AVs) enable driver-passengers to perform non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, it remains unclear if and how they would engage with NDRTs. Therefore, we developed a questionnaire on NDRTs, the QNDRT, for SAE Level 3 (L3) and 5 (L5) driving automation. It comprises 24 items with a general NDRT Work subscale querying general aspects of working while driving in an AV (8 items; L3: 4 items, L5: 4) and a specific NDRT Communication subscale assessing different communication modalities (16 items; L3: 8, L5: 8). Hence, we carried out a cross-sectional questionnaire study and queried 725 participants (351 female, 374 male) from 18 to 96 years. We applied factor analyses and extracted a stable unidimensional factor structure for both NDRT subscales with good psychometric properties (e.g. high and clear factor loadings; satisfactory communalities, item discrimination, and internal consistency). The initial findings revealed that significantly smaller values were assigned to both subscale factors by participants older than 55 years in contrast to younger ones and by women when compared to men. The QNDRT can be used in future (quasi-)experimental L3 and L5 studies and in population surveys to obtain more insight into working and communicating while driving in an AV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic use of pornography (PPU) is one phenotype of compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Stress has been identified as central factor involved in dysregulated behaviors, acting both as cause and consequence. Overall, 99 heterosexual males participated in an experimental study. Experience of early childhood trauma, chronic stress, acute responses toward a stressor, emotion regulation strategies, and coping were associated with symptoms of PPU. Alterations within neural stress circuits due to childhood trauma and chronic stress may interact with neural circuits of reward and executive control. Coping with acute, chronic and past stressors should be an essential component in treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts and latex of Pergularia tomentosa from Jordan, utilizing column chromatography accompanied with NMR (1 & 2D), IR, UV, and HR-ESI-Mass spectroscopy have led to the isolation and characterization of two new compounds, pergularol (1) and 3-O-acetyl-28-hydroxytaraxasterol (2) for the first time along with other ten known compounds including linoleic acid (3), 3'-didehydroafroside (4), apigenin (5), β-sitosteryl glucoside (6), luteolin (7), apigenin 7-(6''-crotonoyl)glucoside (8), 3'-O-β-glucopyranosylcalotropin (9), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glycoside (10), pergularine A (11), taraxasterol (12). Compound (8) is isolated for the first time from Pergularia genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers' care-related thoughts critically effect their well-being. Currently, there is a lack of validated measures to systematically assess caregivers' functional and dysfunctional thoughts. We therefore aimed to develop a measure of caregivers' thoughts that assesses not only their dysfunctional but also their functional thoughts in multiple domains. A pool of potential questionnaire items was generated from therapy sessions with caregivers and was rated by experts. A sample of 322 main family caregivers (Mage = 63.9 years) of a person with dementia then completed a set of 28 items about their care-related thoughts and a number of related measures at three measurement points. Items were then aggregated via a formative measurement approach based on theoretical considerations. Correlational analyses were used to examine the construct validity of the subscale scores. The final 28-item scale assesses caregiving thoughts in four distinct domains: dysfunctional caregiving standards, self-care, dysfunctional assumptions about dementia, and acceptance. The correlational analyses demonstrated the subscales' construct validity, by showing that scale scores are meaningfully related to theoretically relevant constructs. The Caregiving Thoughts Scale is a promising measure of caregivers' thoughts in four important domains. The scale can be applied in clinical research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful word recognition requires that listeners attend to differences that are phonemic in the language while also remaining flexible to the variation introduced by different voices and accents. Previous work has demonstrated that American-English-learning 19-month-olds are able to balance these demands: although one-off one-feature mispronunciations typically disrupt English-learning toddlers' lexical access, they no longer do after toddlers are exposed to a novel accent in which these changes occur systematically. The flexibility to deal with different types of variation may not be the same for toddlers learning different first languages, however, as language structure shapes early phonological biases. We examined French-learning 19-month-olds' sensitivity and adaptation to a novel accent that shifted either the standard pronunciation of /a/ from [a] to [ɛ] (Experiment 1) or the standard pronunciation of /p/ from [p] to [t] (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, French-learning toddlers recognized words with /a/ produced as [ɛ], regardless of whether they were previously exposed to an accent that contained this vowel shift or not. In Experiment 2, toddlers did not recognize words with /p/ pronounced as [t] at test unless they were first familiarized with an accent that contained this consonant shift. These findings are consistent with evidence that French-learning toddlers privilege consonants over vowels in lexical processing. Together with previous work, these results demonstrate both differences and similarities in how French- and English-learning children treat variation, in line with their language-specific phonological biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and explore underlying dimensions of the Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) and psychometric features of potential components. Further, to identify associations between the SeRA and disability-management self-efficacy, type of diagnosis, and type of rehabilitation. Based on a previously developed model of self-regulation, expert and patient opinions, and cognitive interviews, a list of 22 items on self-regulation (the SeRA) was constructed. The SeRA was included in a cross-sectional survey among a multi-diagnostic group of 563 former rehabilitation patients. Exploratory analyses were conducted. Respondents had a mean age of 56.5 (SD 12.7) years. The largest diagnostic groups were chronic pain disorder and brain injury. Four components were found within the SeRA, labelled as "insight into own health condition," "insight into own capabilities," "apply self-regulation," and "organization of help." Cronbach's alpha was high (total scale: 0.93, subscales: range 0.85–0.89). Only scores on the first subscale showed a ceiling effect. Subscale three showed the highest correlation with a self-efficacy measure. Small differences in SeRA total scores (range 71.6–78.1) were found between different diagnostic groups. The SeRA is a new self-regulation measure with four subscales. Further research is needed to establish the validity and reliability of the SeRA. The Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) was developed to provide a comprehensive measurement of self-regulation among rehabilitation populations. The SeRA could potentially be used to identify persons with self-regulation problems at the start of rehabilitation treatment and measure outcomes of rehabilitation for self-regulation. The SeRA could potentially be used to help analyse outcomes of rehabilitation practice as well as evaluate interventions on self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visual system has been characterized as having limited processing capacity. Research suggests that not all visual information is equal and that certain visual scenes are registered better than others. The present study investigated how people process biological stimuli under time constraint using a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) paradigm with dynamic movie scenes. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that recognition memory as well as identification performance got better with longer duration (400 ms vs. 200 ms). Most importantly, biological stimuli led to better memory and lower reaction times. Lastly, Experiment 3 was conducted to replicate previously observed dynamic advantage and to disentangle the role of motion from content. The results indicated that dynamic scenes were remembered better than static scenes for both the biological and non-biological stimuli. The ecological validity and retrieval benefit of dynamic scenes were discussed in relation to image memorability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has suggested that Instagram is detrimental to one's body image and health, as a result of its image-driven nature and the social comparisons that are commonly made between users' bodies and the bodies they see portrayed. This study was designed to provide a better understanding of the effects of thin and fat body types portrayed in Instagram posts. This was done by examining how such body type portrayals influence attention to the posts, in addition to influencing outcomes such as body dissatisfaction and appearance management behavioral intentions. A total of 309 college students viewed 30 Instagram posts in an online experiment with a 2 (portrayed body type: thin vs. fat) X 15 (message repetition) within-subjects design. The findings indicate that thin-body portrayals increase audience self-reported attention to the posts and state body dissatisfaction, but female users who self-perceive themselves as fat report a similar level of attention to the posts regardless of portrayed body types. Additionally, Instagram use (defined as the number of photos users personally post) is found to moderate the effects of the body portrayals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interpretive research study explores U.S. adults' lived experiences during the beginning months of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Participants (N= 44), recruited from a convenience sample of U.S. adults, engaged in in-depth semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Through an iterative analysis of participants' experiences and the theoretical model of communal coping (TMCC), the authors identified three convergent stressors (i.e., isolation, uncertainty, conflict) and several coping strategies related to participants' stressor appraisal (i.e., individual or joint) and action orientation (i.e., individual or joint). Based on these findings, this study offers the novel theoretical concept of Discursive coping and proposes a model for how this perspective might be integrated with current theorizing about individual and communal coping. Implications for communal coping and discursive theory are discussed as well as practical recommendations for public health messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service user satisfaction in inpatient psychiatric care is often measured with instruments that have been designed by professionals, without involving the perspective of service users. Views on Inpatient Care (VOICE), developed in England, is among the first service-user-generated outcome measures which included service users' perspectives in the process. In this study, we aimed to validate a German version of VOICE. The original questionnaire was translated into German and validated using data collected from 163 inpatients undergoing treatment in a psychiatric hospital. The instrument was tested for its psychometric properties, focusing on measurements of reliability and construct validity. Also, we assessed the impact of demographic variables. Finally, factorial analyses were carried out to compare the underlying factorial structure to the English version. The analyses revealed a high internal consistency (α = 0.90). No significant impact of demographic variables was observed. Factorial analyses indicated a one-factor structure which accounted for 40.39% of variance. Psychometrical evaluation of VOICE-DE indicated the questionnaire to be a suitable tool to assess service users' personal experience with treatment and satisfaction in German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcomes for a wide range of physical and mental health conditions can be influenced by the level of criticism and warmth in the family environment known in the literature as Expressed Emotion (EE). This finding is also true for individuals with an At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis with individual's perceptions of EE predicting transition to psychosis. While the original concept of EE incorporates both positive and negative aspects of relationships, most measures of EE and research focus on the negative aspects of relationships. Positive factors are also important and associated with improvements in functioning and reduced symptoms. However, the absence of a comprehensive, self-report measure of positive aspects of EE has hindered research in this area. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new 10-item Service User Perceived Criticism and Warmth Questionnaire (SU-PCaW) based on the 2-item Perceived Criticism and 2-item Perceived Warmth questionnaires. The measure was quick and easy to administer and had high internal consistency and reliability. This measure would aid services in screening families for therapy, be helpful in evaluating family intervention in groups such as the ARMS population and a useful measure for future research developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-disgust is a complex emotion related to feeling aversion or revulsion about internal and personal physical attributes, personality, functioning and behaviours. The aim of the present study was to adapt, validate and examine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, in a sample of Portuguese adolescents (MSDS-A). Participants were 540 adolescents (n = 308females, 57%), with ages between 13 and 18 years. Data were analysed through SPSS and MPLUS was used to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess several indicators of psychopathology and self-compassion. Results from the CFA showed that a 4-factor model with a second order factor presented good fit indices. The full scale and its factors showed good internal consistency, adequate temporal stability, and good convergent, divergent and incremental validity. The MSDS-A seems a valid measure to assess self-disgust in adolescents, with important implications to clinical context and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visuospatial attention plays a critical role in prioritizing behaviourally-relevant information and can be guided by task goals, stimulus salience, and memory. Here, we examined the interaction between memory-guided attention (contextual cueing) and stimulus-driven attention (unexpected colour singletons). In two visual search experiments with different set sizes, colour singletons were introduced unexpectedly in some trials after repeated configurations were used to establish contextual cueing. Reaction times were rapidly impacted by both contextual cueing and colour singletons, without significant interaction. However, introducing color singletons also impeded reaction times for novel configurations without color singletons, while repeated configurations were not impacted. These results suggest that on a trial level, contextual cueing and colour singleton effects are largely two independent factors driving selective attention, but there is evidence for a more general disruption of introducing distraction in cases where memory cannot be relied upon, suggesting a more complex interaction between attentional influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time is the fabric of experience – yet it is incredibly malleable in the mind of the observer: seeming to drag on, or fly right by at different moments. One of the most influential drivers of temporal distortions is attention, where heightened attention dilates subjective time. But an equally important feature of subjective experience involves not just the objects of attention, but also what information will naturally be remembered or forgotten, independent of attention (i.e., intrinsic image memorability). Here we test how memorability influences time perception. Observers viewed scenes in an oddball paradigm, where the last scene could be a forgettable "oddball" amidst memorable ones, or vice versa. Subjective time dilation occurred only for forgettable oddballs, but not memorable ones – demonstrating an oddball effect where the oddball did not differ in low-level visual features, image category, or even subjective memorability. But more importantly, these results emphasize how memory can interact with temporal experience: memorable beginnings may put people in an efficient encoding state, which may in turn influence which moments are dilated in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are insufficient accurate data on the prevalence of substance use among children in Iran. WHO is conducting a survey to study the prevalence of substance use among children in Iran. This manuscript describes the method that was used for developing the tools for the aforementioned survey. A literature review was done on the risk factors, existing scales, and special considerations in conducting a substance use survey on children. The identified risk factors were then prioritized, and standard scales were selected for each. Based on the priority and the cultural and psychosocial properties of each age group, the methods of the survey were defined. Then, a qualitative assessment on content validity was done, and the tool was piloted among 90 participants. The tool contained 104 items for the 9- to 12-year-olds age group, and 168 items for each of the 12- to 15-year-olds and 15- to 18-year-olds age groups, respectively. The results of the Cronbach's Alpha analysis showed a coefficient of 0.754 for the 9- to 12-year-olds age group, 0.735 for 12- to 15-year-olds, and 0.889 for the 15- to 18-year-olds. The developed tool considered socio-cultural acceptability, cognitive, and ethical standards and showed high reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a greater understanding of motor variability (MV) as an individual trait, the effect of task type on MV and individual consistency in MV across three tasks was investigated. Twenty participants performed repetitive carrying, lifting, and simulated sawing tasks. MV was assessed using the linear measure of mean point-by-point standard deviation in three-dimensional upper body joint angles. Task type affected MV, where carrying showed higher MV compared to sawing (23–29%) and lifting (12–19%). Furthermore, MV was higher in lifting compared to sawing (12–25%). Poor to moderate individual consistency (ICC = 0.42–0.63) was found across tasks. Task type determined MV and only some support for MV as an individual trait across tasks was found. Based on this work, differences in degrees of freedom afforded by the task influence the opportunity to exploit MV, and possibly individual consistency in MV magnitude is specific to the degrees of freedom afforded by the task. Practitioner summary: In repetitive tasks, movement variability has been proposed as an individual characteristic independent of task characteristics, where repeaters show consistently low variability, while replacers show consistently high variability. In the current study, only moderate support was demonstrated for variability as a consistent individual characteristic across different manual tasks. Abbreviation MV: Motor variability; WRMSDs: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders; DOF: Degrees of freedom; meanSD: Mean standard deviation; SD: Standard deviation; H: Handle (of simulated sawing setup); T: Track (of simulated sawing setup); F: Frame (of simulated sawing setup); ICC: Intraclass correlation; UE: Upper extremity; MMH: Manual material handling; EMG: Electromyography [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Due to recent changes in workplace risks, it is required to investigate the motivations of employees and employers for occupational examination performance. This study aims to develop a self-report scale to overcome prior methodological defects and evaluate barriers of performing periodic examinations. Methods. The study was conducted with 200 participants, including employers, occupational health inspectors, occupational physicians and occupational health experts working in the industrial sector, aged 25–70 years. The subjects supplied sociodemographic information and completed the experimental version of the instrument. Results. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) provided evidence for a five-factor model, including knowledge, quality, law, capability and service, with 62.68% variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) proved stability rates of both models (root mean square error of approximation [rmsea] = 0.062, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.92, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = 0.906, incremental fit index [IFI] = 0.921, normed fit index [NFI] = 0.835, relative fit index [RFI] = 0.808). The scale also revealed appropriate levels of reliability (α = 0.916 and composite reliability [CR] >0.7) and validity (average variance extracted >0.5). Conclusion. The psychometric characteristics of the scale demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. This study developed this valid instrument to be used by health decision-makers for assessing barriers of performing periodic examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a scale that assesses postural awareness and habits, as well as to establish the validity and reliability thereof. Methods. The 19-item postural habits and awareness scale (PHAS) was developed. The scale has a score range of 0–95, with a higher score indicating good posture and awareness. A total of 278 healthy adults with an age range of 18–65 years were included in the study. The sociodemographic form, short form 36 health survey (SF-36) and body awareness questionnaire (BAQ) were used to test the validity and reliability of this newly developed scale. Results. From factor analyses, it was observed that the items clustered into four factors, which explained 55.99% of the variance. Cronbach's α for each factor of the scale varied between 0.619 and 0.832. A high correlation was observed regarding test–retest reliability of the scale (r = 0.905). Conclusion. This newly developed self-reported scale allows for the comprehensive determination of both postural habits and awareness together. The PHAS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used by professionals who are interested in posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of research demonstrates that concussions are exceedingly common and extremely difficult to detect. Despite medical efforts to develop sophisticated tools to detect concussions, research continues to demonstrate that proper detection relies on prompt and thorough symptom reporting from the injured athlete. In the context of sports, such reporting requirements are complicated by systems that reward athletic performance. This study seeks to provide student athletes who play NCAA Division I high-contact sports with a theoretically driven intervention to improve their attitudes and behavior toward concussion reporting. Division I student athletes (N = 345) viewed one of three conditions: an NCAA handout consistent with current practices, the experimental video, or a non-treatment control video, then responded to questions regarding attitudes and behaviors toward concussion reporting. Overall, results support the video's effectiveness in changing perceptions of concussion injuries. Nuances of the findings lead to a discussion for practical implications to transform concussion-reporting attitudes and behaviors among athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and validate a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD). In this cross-sectional study, 300 male workers participated. Data related to personal, psychosocial and physical items and musculoskeletal symptoms were gathered by a designed questionnaire and Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ), respectively. Then, the effect coefficients of the items were computed for developing the CRAMUD equation. The total score of the CRAMUD tool was classified by receiver operator curves (ROCs), and it was validated by linear regression analysis. The values of the content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach's coefficient alpha (α) of the CRAMUD questionnaire with 38 items were calculated as 0.773, 0.934 and 0.940, respectively. The personal, psychosocial and physical items with the coefficients of 0.265, 0.175 and 0.478 had significant effects on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms, respectively. The equation of the novel tool was written by these coefficients. The CRAMUD score was grouped into four levels by optimal cut-off points of 8.51, 11.03 and 15.31. This tool could predict 75% of variations of musculoskeletal symptoms. This tool can be exploited to accurately estimate the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms in various jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scoliosis curves present transverse plane deviations due to vertebral rotation. The Schroth method supports thoracic derotation by training patients to exert "derotational" breathing based on assumed enhanced ventilation in areas called "humps" in scoliosis and a patient's ability to voluntarily direct ventilation in less ventilated areas called "flats." To assess the asymmetric ventilation distribution and the ability of patients to direct their ventilation to perform derotational breathing. Twelve girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 12 healthy girls performed 3 × 3 min of rest, maximal, and derotational breathing. Electrical impedance tomography was used to record locoregional lung ventilation distribution (LLVD) within 4 thoracic regions of interest: anterior right (ROI 1), anterior left (ROI 2), posterior right (ROI 3), and posterior left (ROI 4) quadrants. Humps and flats were the sums of ROI '2 + 3' and ROI '1 + 4,' respectively. Overall, no difference in LLVD was observed in the flats and humps between groups. At rest, the LLVD in the humps was more elevated than that in the flats (51.5 ± 8.1% versus 43.6 ± 7.9%; p =.021) when considering both groups. Maximal and derotational breathing led to a more homogeneous LLVD between the humps and flats. The postulated derotational breathing effect was not confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the impact of the addition of information specific to people with atypical chest shapes and/or in a wheelchair during mandatory CPR classes on staff confidence to respond to emergency scenarios with these populations. A pre-test post-test intervention study was conducted with staff from one of the largest disability organisations in Tasmania, Australia. Supplemented CPR and BLS classes were presented to participants. A purpose-designed questionnaire was completed pre, post, and six-months post after the training. A significant rise in confidence post-training was demonstrated, and this was retained at the six-month time point. Time spent in the disability sector before the supplemented training or attendance at previous standard CPR classes did not have a significant effect on confidence levels before the supplemented training. Confidence is closely linked to willingness to act during emergency situations. Improved confidence may therefore result in improved willingness to act for people with disability, atypical chest shapes, and wheelchair users, thus improving health outcomes for these populations and providing this cohort with access to more equitable healthcare. Guidelines for undertaking CPR and BLS on people with atypical chest shapes and/or in a wheelchair are not currently available. Including information specific to people with atypical chest shapes and/or in a wheelchair during mandatory CPR classes increases staff confidence to respond to such situations. Supplementary disability-specific information can be successfully incorporated into existing CPR and BLS training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While health communication campaigns seek to encourage and promote healthy behaviors, they are not always successful. Health communication efforts may fail for several reasons, such as viewers experiencing excessive freedom threats and reactance. This study (n = 201) proposes and demonstrates that descriptive norm appeals in health PSAs can indirectly lead to enhanced behavioral intentions toward the message advocacy via reducing perceived freedom threats, inhibiting psychological reactance, and improving message credibility. However, this serial mediation was only found for message viewers with relatively low media literacy skills – precisely, who did not show considerable critical thinking toward media content. For participants who reported a high level of critical thinking toward media content, the use of descriptive norm appeals did not decrease freedom threats, nor did it indirectly affect behavioral intentions. The findings of this study contribute to the theory of psychological reactance and norms-based research. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided for health communication scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversational remembering, or sharing autobiographical memories with others, occurs frequently in everyday communication. The current project examined how the experience of shared reality with a conversation partner when describing autobiographical memories to them can operate to enhance the self, social, and directive uses of a recalled memory and explored the role of shared reality experienced as a result of conversational remembering in psychological well-being. In this project, conversational remembering was examined using experimental (Study 1) and daily diary (Study 2) methodologies. Results indicated that experiencing a shared reality during conversational remembering of an autobiographical memory enhanced self, social, and directive memory goal fulfilment and was positively associated with greater psychological well-being. The current investigation highlights important benefits of sharing our life stories with others, especially those with whom we develop a sense of shared reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report four studies that examine listening as an antecedent of humility. We tested our hypotheses across four experiments (N = 597) using both self-reports and other reports of humility. Study 1 employed a recall task of poor or good listening. Studies 2 and 3 randomly assigned dyads to poor or good listening conditions. Study 4 randomly assigned dyads to good, distracted, or argumentative conditions and revealed that the learning of the listener is the driving mechanism behind the link between listening and humility of the listener. An internal meta-analysis of the results indicated that listening increases humility across all studies, that these effects were present beyond liking, and were strongest on the listener's humility more than the speaker's humility. These results confirm that humility can be experimentally activated, and that listening is one of the situational factors that can cultivate humility and contribute to positive psychological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dementia Coding System (DeCS), an observational assessment tool to measure positive, challenging, and music-related behaviors in people with dementia, was developed and psychometrically evaluated to assess effects of non-pharmacological interventions (for example, individualized music interventions). Data from N = 114 people with dementia were analyzed for factorial validity, internal consistencies, and test-retest reliability. Factorial validity was analyzed using explorative factor analysis (EFA). The results indicate a single factor including nine items that represent "Positive Behaviors". Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also acceptable for this single factor. Two exploratory factors ("Challenging Behaviors", "Musical Engagement") were proposed for behaviors that could not be included in the EFA due to insufficient variability. Here again, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated with acceptable results. In conclusion, DeCS is a useful coding system to assess effects of non-pharmacological interventions, especially music-based interventions for people with dementia, across a variety of behavioral indicators of negative and positive aspects of quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate Preference-Based Multiple Sclerosis Index (PBMSI) into Turkish, investigate its psychometric properties and differences between its two scoring algorithms: PBMSI-Rating Scale (PBMSI-RS) and PBMSI-Standard Gamble (PBMSI-SG). An expert committee supervised the translation process. Psychometric properties were evaluated in 104 people with multiple sclerosis. Exploratory common factor analysis was used to investigate structural validity. Convergent validity was assessed by formulating hypotheses about correlations between PBMSI and other HRQL measures, disability level, walking-related measures, and MS symptoms. Known-groups validity was assessed against different measures of disability and walking capacity. Test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC95%). Factor analysis revealed one factor (Eigenvalue = 2.46). PBMSI-RS and PBMSI-SG correlated significantly with other measures (p <.001). Both could differentiate between individuals with different levels of disability and walking capacity (p <.05, d ≥ 0.50). Relative test-retest reliability was moderate for PBMSI-RS (ICC = 0.75) and good for PBMSI-SG (ICC = 0.83). SEM and MDC95% values were 0.16 and 0.44 for PBMSI-RS and 0.10 and 0.28 for PBMSI-SG, respectively. Turkish version of PBMSI has good psychometric properties to assess health-related quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. PBMSI-SG should be preferred over PBMSI-RS. Health-related quality of life is often used as a primary or secondary endpoint in multiple sclerosis research. The Preference-Based Multiple Sclerosis Index is the first preference-based health-related quality of life measure developed in multiple sclerosis using patient preferences. Preference-Based Multiple Sclerosis Index was translated to Turkish and demonstrated good psychometric properties, including structural, convergent, known-groups validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Professionals working in the field of multiple sclerosis research and rehabilitation may benefit from using the Preference-Based Multiple Sclerosis Index as it is a short and psychometrically robust instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necessity of new and alternative treatments in traumatic facial nerve injury. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the histopathologic and functional effects of methylprednisolone, hyperbaric oxygen and hesperidin + diosmin treatments on traumatic facial nerve regeneration in rats. After facial nerve injury, five groups were formed with eight rats in each group: Group 1 (negative control), 2 (operation), 3 (corticosteroid), 4 (hyperbaric oxygen), 5 (hesperidin + diosmin). Blink reflex of rats evaluated a day after the operation and at the first, second and third weeks. Facial nerve samples from sacrificed animals were examined under a light microscope. According to our results, in group 4; axonal degeneration and vascular congestion were significantly lower than group 2 and 3, and myelin sheath thickness was significantly higher than group 3. In group 5; axonal degeneration was significantly lower than group 2 and vascular congestion was significantly lower than group 2 and 3. In terms of functional recovery; there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. It has been shown that both hyperbaric oxygen and hesperidin + diosmin treatments have positive effects on facial nerve regeneration. Both treatments may be good alternatives for ameliorating traumatic nerve injury, but these treatment modalities need to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]