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Rosa damascenaMill. is the most important Rosa species for rose oil, concrete and absolute production. In the factories, petals of rose are harvested and distilled to produce rose oil and rose water. Distilled petals are wasted and don’t have any usage. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to use fresh and, for the first time, distilled petals to produce concrete by Soxhlet method. Then the components of obtained concretes were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared with the concrete of Turkey. Results indicated that, concretes of fresh and distilled petals of Lalehzar of Kerman have 0.5 % and 0.25 % content, respectively. In attention to the content of 2-phenylethanol (36.28 %, 15.48 %), and long-chain hydrocarbons such as nonadecane (9.20 %, 11.18 %), nonadecene (1.84 %, 2.15 %), eicosane (1.37 %, 1.86 %) and heneicosane (7.70 %, 8.81 %) in the concretes of fresh and distilled petals respectively, concrete of distilled rose flowers is as a new product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave-assisted distillation (MAD) is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation at atmospheric pressure in which isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are carried out, simultaneously without solvent or water. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of MAD when isolating the essential oil ofRosa damascenaMill. For this purpose, first, two main parameters, namely extraction time and microwave power, which affect the efficiency of the extraction, were optimized. Then, to demonstrate the feasibility of the method, oil obtained under optimal conditions was compared quantitatively and qualitatively with that obtained by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) using an electric mantle heater. Considering the extraction yield, optimal extraction time and microwave power were obtained to be 15 minutes and 650 W, respectively. Extraction of essential oil from rose flowers with MAD offers important advantages over traditional HD in terms of energy saving, extraction time (15 minutes versus 3.5 hours) and extraction yield (0.037% versus 0.018%). However, there is a significant decrease in monoterpene alcohol percentages and increase in hydrocarbon percentages, which is a disadvantage from qualitative point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]