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In 2011, something surprising happened in terms of Australian feminist cultural memory: a celebratory feminism arrived in the shape of the hugely popular ABC television mini-series, Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo. Eschewing dour social realism for a stylish and ludic narrative, Paper Giants uses the story of the women's magazine Cleo to tell the story of Australian women's liberation. This essay analyses the components of the mini-series' celebratory feminist aesthetics, examining the ways in which it mobilises feminist tropes to speak an intelligible feminist language in postfeminist times. Further, I detail how women's liberation becomes central to the national historical narrative underpinning the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1976, the Sahrawi national liberation movement known as the Polisario Front anticipates state sovereignty in Western Sahara by organizing into the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in Southern Algeria. Drawing on excerpts from the life-histories of six Sahrawi women who contributed to build the SADR's early social and physical infrastructures, this paper presents practices of public remembrance as coextensive to a history-making labour of social regeneration that seeks international recognition for the Sahrawi nation, as well as to pass on nationalist moral values and political desire across time. The life-worlds of the Sahrawi generation these six women belong to have undergone considerable structural changes brought about by Spanish colonialism, the emergence of the Polisario Front in the 1970s, war, forced displacement, and a 1991 UN mediated ceasefire. Highlighting the on-going vitality of anticolonial nationalisms, this paper offers an account of how elderly Sahrawi female militants seek to socially regenerate the project of a Sahrawi revolutionary nationalism through their production of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We should remember that one war had already made the Daily Mirror given that it reached its zenith as an illustrated daily newspaper as it emerged from the First World War. However, this did not translate into continuing success as by the 1930s it was in steep decline. Re-launched in the mid-1930s, to appeal specifically to what may be described as the non-political left, the Daily Mirror was able to reinforce its editorial identity as a populist organ of considerable appeal to the working classes of Britain during the Second World War. The letters from the start of the Mirror's campaign on 25 June 1945 to the final day of the election campaigning on 5 July will be considered as contributing to the maintenance of a carefully considered editorial approach to politics as well as an equally astute consolidation of reader identification at the heart of that editorial project. This article will explore how the emergent editorial strategy of the newspaper was enhanced by drawing popular attention to the plight of the ordinary soldier and the ordinary citizen in the midst of war. Its ground-breaking contributions to shaping both the popular memories of the years preceding the war, as well as expectations of what might emerge as a political settlement after the war, are most clearly articulated in its deployment of readers' letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes historical marker texts (HMT) as succinct, public facing informational reports that reinforce white supremacy and minimize or erase the memory of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) individuals. In this layered content and discourse analysis, I evaluate the demographics of the commissioners at the local and state level, the instructions for the HMT application, and the text of a selected group of HMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qurratulain Hyder is a major stalwart of the new generation of Urdu fiction writers. In her book Naya Afsana, she discusses psychologized realism wherein the past gives way to the present. She also depicts how a human being becomes a representation of the collective past via writings of his/her community's collective past. Blurring every possible binary of past/present, home/world, private/public, Hyder's neo-historical writings not only expose the limitation of her fictional world but also give it a new dimension, unlike contemporary writers who choose to focus on the external realities of the existential crisis of humanity during the early part of the twentieth century. She shows her skill by uncovering the internal realities of human experience. While giving her narratives a historical grounding, she has also made a sensorial reading of the holocaust in her narratives by focusing on the psychological interiors of affected human beings. This paper seeks to study two such fictional expositions of Hyder's oeuvre—Sita Betrayed and Fireflies in the Mist—in order to understand how these two works help to explore the issues of trauma and memory in the context of the wounded history of partition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of a political agreement on an overall mechanism for dealing with the past in Northern Ireland, storytelling has become a prevalent mode of addressing the legacy of violent conflict. Adopting a historiographic approach, this paper opens up two related tracks of examination: one exploring the (ideally) more comprehensive and egalitarian approach to accessing the past found in storytelling projects, understood as forms of oral history; and the other considering the process of those stories being made into records, and the dynamics of the archive. Drawing on a qualitative study of two storytelling projects in Northern Ireland, the paper argues that the stories produced there are not only subjective accounts of the past and thus sources for studies of life during conflict, but are also significantly informed by contemporary policy and funding frameworks and thus are sources for the study of the present peace process. The contested realm in which both storytelling projects and archives operate condition how they are funded, assembled, described, opened and maintained in the process of which some stories may be privileged and others marginalised or subsumed [Brown, C. (2013) Memory, identity and the archival paradigm: introduction to the special issue,Archival Science, 13, pp. 85–93]. Adopting the idea that storytelling as a form of ‘witnessing’ is also an ethico-political act [Kurasawa, F. (2009) A message in a bottle: bearing witness as a mode of transnational practice,Theory Culture Society, 26(1), pp. 92–111], the paper discusses what kind of discourses may be empowered by the online maintenance, and instant accessibility of memory in oral history archives. Crucially, the paper considers storytelling as a conduit for remembering, which is at once shaped by the absence of policies and legal frameworks, but also shapes subsequent policies to deal with the past as can be seen in the latest political accord, which includes it as a key approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the state of post-war memory in the Croatian city of Vukovar. It addresses the recent resurgence of Croatian nationalism, manifested through the implementation and subsequent vandalism of civic bilingual (Latin/Cyrillic) plaques. It does so by examining the culture of commemoration that has come to define Vukovar since Croatian independence in 1995 and that has remained powerfully persuasive to this day. Considered a national symbol and an emblem of sacrifice, the city of Vukovar has become encoded by the rhetoric of its wartime past, allowing little opportunity for future development and growth. This paper argues that while such observance and remembrance are elements crucial to the formation of national identity, collective memory itself must remain in flux, constantly changing to remain useful for the generations to come. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the relationships between a particular photographic archive, Indigenous Australians and early ethnography. Colonial ethnographers, Spencer and Gillen, travelled throughout Central and Northern Australia in 1901 and 1902. Their experiences in the town of Borroloola with the local Indigenous peoples, in particular the Yanyuwa people, are contrasted to their experiences in other regions that they travelled through. While at Borroloola, Spencer and Gillen photographed a number of Yanyuwa men and women. In 1981, the repatriation of those images back into the community facilitated discussion about the appropriate positioning of each individual in Yanyuwa systems of kinship, and debate around the ceremonial details recorded, informing new layers of social memory. Yanyuwa elders expressed joy at viewing, naming and positioning the long deceased kin but when the identity of the person could not be recalled, responses conveyed a deep sense of loss. This paper explores the response to one of these photographs and explores in detail the resonances that this one photograph holds for the Yanyuwa community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first decade of this century, public monuments to the memory of "comfort women" - women and girls forced into sexual service from the 1930s through 1945, by the Japanese Imperial Army - have been established in the United States by the Korean diaspora. This paper analyses recent memorials in the suburbs of New York that have experienced rapid immigration from Korea since the 1990s. The memorials met local resistance due to perceptions of unrelatedness to the American land. Such immigrant initiatives, however, have been supported by municipal governance. The project of inscribing a passage from East Asian history in the American context may be considered symptomatic of wider cognitive and social shifts in immigrant adaptation. Assimilation through the inclusion of immigrant heritage, along with an increasing sense of entitlement in being both "ethnic" and "American", have been integral to this contest regarding collective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the landscape garden of Lunuganga, Sri Lanka, designed by the architect Geoffrey Bawa for himself after 1948. It assesses this space as a site of memory and a location where modernity and history are negotiated. The present paper theorizes the making of Lunuganga in relation to the production of modernity in Sri Lanka and negotiation of the island's relationship to colonial and pre-colonial histories. The island of Sri Lanka has a long history of the development of cultural landscapes. Bawa's landscapes can be located within these traditions. Furthermore, the time he spent in Europe furnished him with an understanding of the picturesque landscape tradition. Lunuganga could be described as a site where these (colonial) histories and vernacular traditions re-staged or re-presented the modern in contemporary Sri Lanka. Bawa's landscapes can also be 'read' as 'sites of memory', where, although of the modern era, the past is recalled. The landscape of Lunuganga references negotiations between adoption of a universal modern, with its taint of colonial subjugation, the neglect of this troubled past and the pursuit of an uncomplex indigenism and, in so doing, intervenes in the production of modernity in Sri Lanka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how relatives of left-wing Republicans killed and buried in mass graves by Francoist groups during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) recompose the stories of violent death of their ancestors in connection to documentary evidence that emerges during the search for their human remains. Mass grave searches have taken place in the midst of a process of historical investigation that has brought families, historians, activists and archaeologists together in order to document and seek official recognition for these extrajudicial executions. In so doing, they have also prompted the circulation of personal papers and official Francoist files that bear poignant information about the victims. Both sets of documents converge in the family archive, eliciting different re-readings and acts of memory. The article considers how familial interactions with these material sources attempt to grasp and recreate a history of loss marked by rupture and filled with absences. It also explores how such historical and familial uncertainties marks the experience of disappearance in the Spanish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers distinctive mediums of memory emerging from the traumatic history of Aboriginal women’s experiences as domestic workers in Queensland, Australia throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. One is the exhibitionMany Threadspresented in 2014 at the Ration Shed Museum in the Aboriginal community of Cherbourg in southern Queensland. The other is the collaborative memoirAuntie Ritaby Jackie Huggins and Rita Huggins, which recounts Rita’s life through a dialogue between mother and daughter. The article uses a reading of Jackie’s voice, as consciously activist and feminist, as a way in to understanding the testimonial memory of other Cherbourg women. In remembering, interpreting and presenting their experiences as domestic workers, alongside those of their mothers, grandmothers, aunts and sisters, Cherbourg women are actively intervening in historical and contemporary discourses that seek to limit their representation to that of victims and their community as intrinsically dysfunctional. Instead, through yarning, writing and sewing, Cherbourg women are generating memories, and memory communities, of resistance, strength, resilience, creativity and survival. The paper argues that this memory work is a vital form of counter-memory, which disturbs and unsettles normative Australian representations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The political functions of conflict-related commemoration have been examined in Northern Ireland, as in other deeply divided societies. However, a gap in research has persisted. In order to properly examine and evaluate local commemoration as a political activity, we should find out the size and spread of this activity, and ascertain who is responsible for its production. Accordingly, this paper presents the findings of a scoping survey of ‘Troubles’-related commemoration in Northern Ireland. We supply survey data in relation to types of commemoration; categories of actor; frequency; and location. Combining this with field observation of the forms and themes of commemoration, we examine how these data can frame our understandings of the environment of ‘Troubles’ memory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the means by which Estonian national identity was preserved during 50 years of Soviet occupation. The study upon which it is based explored such factors as family environments; memories, in the form of oral narratives; and life experiences. This research was informed by the sociocultural approach to mediated action, and it employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. In 1993, a quota-sampling technique was used to interview a cross section of Estonian society (N = 930). Descriptive statistics, and factor and multiple regression analyses were performed. Fifteen qualitative interviews were also conducted. When woven together, these personal histories create a fabric that is representative of the greater Estonian history during the occupation. The implications of these findings may reach beyond the Estonian context to further inform our understanding of the complexities and the vicissitudes of human action. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on Ishtiyaq Shukri'sThe Silent Minaret(2005), a novel about the disappearance of Issa Shamsuddin, a young South African student of Eastern descent living in London, in the context of post-9/11 attitudes of suspicion and distrust towards cultural others. The paper argues that in its exploration of crosscultural relationships and transnational historical exchanges, the novel calls for an understanding of the suffering of cultural others by relating the 9/11 attacks to other events in history that have indelibly marked various groups’ sense of collective identity in order to disrupt traditional notions of cultural identity. Shifting between past and present, the narrative illustrates the relation between memory – both individual and collective – and history as distinct interpretations of the past that are both characterized by biases and omissions which, if investigated, may acknowledge a sense of indebtedness that subverts common understandings of cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Erinnerungskultur(culture of remembrance) is a widely discussed notion in German historiography. First, the meaning ofErinnerungskultur, including the specific role of academic historiography of sport, is described and explained with respect to sport and sport historiography. One main objective is to reveal the diversity of cultures of sport history and the specific obligations of academic historiography. Second, the actors of sport memories and/orTraditionspflege(heritage) are characterised, and, third, some controversial and perennial debates that permeate German sports history are explained and interpreted, especially that of Carl Diem, internationally known as ‘Mister Olympics’ of 1936. All in all, the paper provides an overview of the mainstreams, cultures and politics of history in Germany with respect to sport. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores collective memory in Newham, East London. It addresses how remembering East London as the home of whiteness and traditional forms of community entails powerful forms of forgetting. Newham's formation through migration – its ‘great time’ – has ensured that myths of indigeneity and whiteness have never stood still. Through engaging with young people's and youth workers' memory practices, the paper explores how phantasms of whiteness and class loss are traced over, and how this tracing reveals ambivalence and porosity, at the same time as it highlights the continued allure of race. It explores how whiteness and class loss are appropriated across ethnic boundaries and how they are mobilized to produce new forms of racial hierarchy in a ‘super-diverse’ place. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The humble meat pie is one of the most consumed casual takeout foods in New Zealand. Readily available in every bakery, corner dairy, cafe and gas station, they were traditionally the mainstay of roadside food vendor wagons known as "pie carts." This paper demonstrates how that modest, familiar feature of everyday life in New Zealand--the roadside pie cart--is a site where values of national identity were/are enacted. Contemporary pie carts no longer necessarily sell pies--but the name remains. Traditional pie carts do however live on in the memories and narratives of patrons. This paper investigates the role of these carts, past and present, in reiterating national food attitudes, and as a reflection of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates how the London Underground Diagram can be characterized as both palimpsest and canon, contributing to the collective memory and identity of London as a representational component of the cultural landscape of the London Underground. It explicitly considers the processes that have determined the increasing canonization of the diagram and the normative past that it embodies since its inception in 1931 by: investigating its design history and context of success; reviewing its popular iconization and the official acknowledgement of its origins; highlighting the history of its copyright and commercialization; charting the creative phenomenon of map-mashing and its copyright consequences; and questioning the diagram's status in a continuing digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once overwhelmingly inhabited by Jews, the Austro-Galician border town of Brody, in present-day Western Ukraine, has retained an important place on Ashkenazi mental maps until today, even though scholarly studies on Brody are scarce. The present article tries to capture the elements that allowed Brody to inscribe itself so successfully in Jewish memory. Therefore, this paper analyses several lieux de mémoire underlining Brody's enduring perception as a town closely related to Jewish issues. These places, however, are not only physical spots in the cityscape, like the ruins of the synagogue and the cemetery, but also images of and texts about Brody. Whether intended or not, pictures and postcards also have an impact on how Brody has been remembered; and so do memory books, be they written in Yiddish, Hebrew, Polish or Ukrainian. This study argues that Brody appears on the mental maps of Eastern European Jewry as an amalgam of physical places, icons and texts linked to a multi-layered and multifaceted urban history [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1863 and 1868, over 9000 Native Americans were interned under US military guard at the Bosque Redondo reservation in New Mexico. The objectives for internment were to end Indian raids of military forts and to assimilate native people. The prisoners' survival despite inhumane conditions is now commemorated at the Bosque Redondo Memorial, which opened to the public in 2004. This paper recounts the history of the site before it was a memorial, exploring why such designation was not established sooner, and it addresses the aspiration for the Memorial to become an accredited member of the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the role played by the encounter of history and personal memories in the difficult process of coming to terms with the Stasi in present-day eastern Germany. While historians have made substantial progress over the last two decades in accounting for the wide range of ways in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is remembered by East Germans, the memorials and museums of the reunified Germany remain unable to integrate memories of dictatorial oppression and happiness in everyday life. Sites commemorating state repression are thus often assumed to lack impact on former GDR citizens whose memories differ from official versions of history. These assumptions are tested for the Bautzen Memorial, formerly known as the ‘celebrities’ prison' of the East German Ministry of State Security. Focusing on the differing receptions of GDR memorial sites, this article draws on interviews with two former political prisoners and with visitors to the Memorial who grew up in socialist East Germany. It argues that the open approach of the Memorial, which leaves visitors to draw their own conclusions from the exhibition, allows different stakeholders to find ways of personal engagement with the past at the site despite the disparities with their own memories. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In Trikala, central Greece, specific historical events significantly inform understandings of the present economic crisis through what is termed “cultural proximity”. This is the notion that previous times of social and economic turmoil, apparently distant points in time, are embodied within the context of the present. Some past epochs of prosperity and crisis have proved more significant than others in shaping contemporary crisis experience. As accounts of the Great Famine of 1941–1943 are brought to the fore by the current economic crisis, concepts of lineal time and the nationalization of critical events must be interrogated. Through considering theories of time as proposed by Michel Serres, this paper addresses how specific historical events can become embodied during the current economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The availability under the Thirty Years Rule of the Northern Irish and UK state papers for the start of the Troubles has made it possible to reassess what happened on 5 October 1968 in Derry. This article uses these files, other primary sources such as newspapers, and the ‘Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder’ to examine how the civil rights march and the police reaction transformed the contexts within which people in Derry and Northern Ireland as a whole thought and acted. It goes on to explore the three days of rioting that followed the violent scenes on Duke Street and the ‘collective remembrance’ of the event, which reached its climax during the Stormont general election campaign of February 1969. The article argues that the existing literature has overlooked not only the complexity of what happened on 5 October 1968 in Derry, but also the conflicting readings that were subsequently developed by contemporaries. The struggle to control the narrative helped drive the fragmentation and polarization in the second city that was encouraging certain individuals and groups to adopt violent strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on the formation of place-based war memories in contemporary Japan by examining the Japanese grassroots movements to preserve war-related sites within the local and national politics of “cultural property,” and the developments in which the Ichigayadai Building No. 1 in Tokyo and the Matsushiro Underground Imperial General Headquarters Complex in Nagano are conserved to recall the memories of the Asia-Pacific War in Japan. Both places embody the war of aggression carried out by Imperial Japan in the twentieth century. The Ichigaya site was home to the Imperial General Headquarters during the war. The Matsushiro site refers to gigantic underground shelters and tunnels built at the end of the war to relocate the Imperial General Headquarters of the Ichigaya site. Both sites gained social and national attention in the 1990s by raising questions of how to convey memories of suffering caused as well as suffering experienced to the next generation. By introducing the struggles to conserve war-related sites, I argue that contemporary Japan's public memory-making and -remaking processes are shaped by contestants to reclaim places. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper makes novel use of digital archives and the history of publishing to reveal the previously unknown author of the first cookbook published by avonian in the Carolinas. The traditional tools of the culinary historian, including textual analysis and biogiaphical research, proved insufficient to identify the author of the Carolina Receipt 1300k (1832,). The researchers therefo, situated the cookbook within the social and intellectual milieu of antebellum Charleston—not only the traditional female networks of domestic literature and charitable works, but also the masculine politics of Nullification, slavery and states' rights, which led ultimately to the Civil War. The paper analyzes how an elite Southern family sought to erase the historical memory of the volume in order to assure cultural predominance for its own female members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pacific Islander known only as Tommy Tanna, who was employed as a servant in Sydney in the late 19th century, is widely credited with introducing body surfing to Australia. Along with the better-known Alick Wickham and Duke Kahanamoku, Tanna represents the contributions of Pacific Islanders to the development of Australian aquatic sport and is racialised and mythologised in memory. This paper examines Tanna via the lenses of race and performance. It aims to situate Tanna within the context of other Pacific Islanders in the aquatic ‘show spaces’ of Sydney and the reinvigoration, development and reification of a Nimble Savage stereotype which ascribed aquatic prowess to some Islanders, and to assess his surfing activities as performative of race. This discursive context assists in analysing the ways that Tanna has been represented in varying acts of social memory, which themselves are performative acts that link his contributions with his Pacific origins. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the identity implications of silence about genocide in commemorations of American Thanksgiving. In Study 1 we assessed the co-occurrence of national glorification themes with different forms of silence in commemoration products by conducting a content analysis of presidential Thanksgiving proclamations. In Study 2 we examined the extent to which different commemoration products are infused with particular beliefs and desires by measuring participants' reactions to different Thanksgiving commemorations—a literal-silence condition that did not mention Indigenous Peoples, an interpretive-silence condition that mentioned Indigenous Peoples but did not explicitly mention genocidal conquest, and an anti-silence condition that did mention genocidal conquest—as a function of national glorification. In Study 3 we manipulated exposure to different Thanksgiving commemorations (with associated forms of silence) and assessed the impact on national glorification and identity-relevant action. Results provide evidence for the hypothesised, bi-directional relationship between national glorification and silence about genocide in commemorations of American Thanksgiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective, or social memory describes how societies draw upon the events of the past to make sense of contemporary circumstances. Because collective memory is both temporal and spatial, it tethers the past to place and recognizes that as social circumstances change, collective memory is subject to reinterpretation as the needs of society change. This paper explores how the Okie migrant heritage has been incorporated within the collective memory of California and the San Joaquin Valley. Initially excluded both socially and spatially, Okie migrants to the San Joaquin Valley and their contemporary descendants have since climbed the socio-economic ladder and begun to assert and promote their identity. Key to this identity is the notion of a generalized Okie heritage of migrant success despite adversity. Such a tale has since been adopted by state agencies and has been used in attempts to unify a diversifying population under the banner of 'the California Story.' The Okie Story has become the archetypal California story. The result has been a continued acceptance and promotion of a universalized Okie story that Okie migrants, their descendants and other Californians continue to embrace and promote today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread belief that narrative may help to explore human experience and selfhood, equally compelling is the idea that narrative accounts can only falsify life itself, inasmuch as they are viewed as entailing an imposition of literary form upon that which is essentially formless and meaningless. Fictional narratives, for that matter, may appear as being the necessary untruths or illusions purposefully built to achieve the desired consonance or meaning or at least an approximation of meaning real life cannot afford to offer. After a brief reconsideration of ethical issues in aesthetics in Nabokov's works as backed up by theory, this paper suggests that Nabokov's 'ethics of revealing and withholding' information is nothing but the enactment of the problematic inhabiting of literature by ethics. The issue of an ethics of aesthetics is further developed by investigating the case of a fictional re-writing of Nabokov's novel Lolita in order to show that re-writing may permit new insights into both the cultural/literary past and the cultural/literary present. By rethinking the interrelationship of history, self, cultural memory and meaning via the idea of fictional narrative/autobiography, this paper facilitates the fuller recognition of the profound continuities between ethics and aesthetics as well as life and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the manufacture of collective memory in the Jewish experience. The first section describes the patterns provided by sacred history. Based on the case study of the Jewish communities of Jerba, Tunisia, the second section explores how local events are elaborated and conceptualized to conform to the paradigms of the religious tradition. In the third part, the life stories and autobiographies of North African Jews who have emigrated to France serve as a basis for investigating the relationship between individual memory and sacred history. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this paper is to document the ongoing shift from communicative to cultural memory of war and post-war events in the Czech Republic by using an example of a local struggle about a memorial for German inhabitants of a Czech town killed in June 1945. Thanks to an anthropological and social geographical approach based on interviews, family memory research, observations, and analysis of archive materials, it is possible to reconstruct the local and international sources of the post-1989 collective memory of the German past in Central Europe. This memory is still in constant conflict with the pre-1989 version of Czech national history which had contemptuously marginalized its German component. The communicative memory of the German past has entered the public space and tries to become a permanent part of the Czech cultural memory, but it is not a straightforward process, mainly due to the continuously strengthening nationalistic framing of memory within Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During the COVID-19 pandemic to date, particular histories have come to serve as touchstones for the pandemic experience. The specific form this historical imagination takes can be significant as it is likely to shape people's understandings and responses to the pandemic with consequences for official policy, community action and public behaviour. This research examines this imaginative space in Aotearoa/New Zealand's public media during COVID-19, asking what past epidemics have been invoked and how. We conducted a content and thematic analysis of media stories in Aotearoa/NZ from February 2020 to December 2021. This analysis reveals how historical experiences are made meaningful in the context of the present crisis, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted New Zealanders to look back on their histories for lessons and cautionary tales as they imagine possible futures. While the 1918 flu was the most frequent touchstone in both years, the focus of the stories changed, reflecting changes in public health policies. In 2020, the stories mirrored the major public health measures enacted by the government, namely isolation and quarantine requirements and lockdowns. They focused on anchoring the present in past experiences, collectively framing the 'extraordinary' as something more 'ordinary' and thus helping people to cope with the new crisis. In 2021, the focus on Māori populations increased, reflecting the emerging disparities in vaccination rates, as did explicit messaging encouraging vaccination. The sense of urgency grew, with the past providing impetus for present action, to bring about—or avert—particular imagined futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many new arrival registration cards and official administration records drawn from the Bonegilla Migrant Reception Centre when it closed were digitised and placed on a National Archives of Australia website in 2020. This expansion of the digital archive is important to family historians and to immigration scholars from a variety of disciplines. Now online, both these sets of records trigger further investigations into reception arrangements and newcomer arrival experiences. They extend the ways onsite and online visitors to Bonegilla look for family and personal connections and try to make sense of place and time. This expansion of the digital archive illustrates how Bonegilla has developed as both a designated National Heritage Place and a public memory place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern & Contemporary France is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is focused on two main topics which influence the contemporary and on-going debate about museums (and, among others, city museums): the existence of a collection and of a building dedicated to housing it. Then it deals with the question of the size of cities selected for the establishment of a city museum (large or small centres). Finally, the use of documentary, iconographical, cartographical sources and multimedia tools for the representation of urban changes over a long period of time is considered from the point of view of the necessity to communicate with a broad range of users (for example, tourists, citizens, new immigrants, children). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this introduction to a selection of case studies on the theme “the past in music” I offer a few thoughts on the nature of the past and the role of memory in constructing historical narrative, with reference to the way in which these concepts have been theorized by historians, archaeologists, anthropologists and ethnomusicologists. In reviewing the different ways in which echoes of the past can still be heard in the music of the present, I consider the capacity of music to evoke, embody and transform the past and, by so doing, to act as a medium for history and its interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legitimisation strategies of post-Communist regimes are interlinked with practices of addressing their non-democratic past. Specific state-mandated institutes emerged in post-Communist countries to create an institutionalised historical memory of the Communist dictatorship. The institutional model of a historical memory institute is characterised by organisational hierarchies, layered institutional practices, and bureaucratic features. This model was implemented in most countries, including Albania. However, the Institute for the Study of the Crimes and Consequences of Communism ('The Institute') in Albania exhibits a different practice of historical reconstruction. The main questions asked by this article are: What has conditioned the distinct approach the Albanian Institute had adopted in its reconstruction of the past? And how can the institutionalisation of a particular social memory in a state-mandated institution be explained? The research is based on ethnographic fieldwork at the Institute. To understand the specific practice of historical reconstruction, the data collected includes semi-structured interviews with leading heads of the Institute, and collected testimonies. Discourse analysis is used to interpret the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses how three entrances to Ottoman-era Belgrade have been reconstructed since 1878. It demonstrates how the rewriting of these places entailed silencing the Ottoman past and constructing sites of Serbian national memory. By examining city space as a palimpsest, it shows how a new national narrative has been written in relation to earlier Ottoman space, thus making the national narrative a mediator of the memory of the seemingly erased Ottoman past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the authors talk about historical game studies, relationship between cultural or collective memory and video games, and histories of World War II.

Versailles memory has been a cornerstone of the traditional paradigm of lieux de mémoire. However, its transnational dimension has never been fully explored. Covering more than three centuries, this article identifies three antagonistic patterns of transnational Versailles memory that carry ambivalent references to 'Europe': war versus peace; monarchical versus republican legitimization; and universalistic versus particularistic conceptions of power. Actors referred to Versailles' architecture to substantiate their positions toward French hegemonic ambitions: from counter-buildings by the Sun King's rivals; political redefinitions during changing regimes after 1789 via Franco- German rivalries in the War of 1870; international reactions to the Peace Conference in 1919; and up to Versailles as a World Heritage Site. Analysing these three constitutive patterns, this article challenges the dominant Franco-centrist Versailles master narrative as non-French actors contested such hegemonic views. References to Versailles as a symbol of both American and Brazilian national independence also bring out global dimensions of Versailles memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the professional memories of English teachers who began their careers between 1965 and 1975. The teachers began their careers in circumstances that offered opportunities to work in collectivist ways. Their memories reveal a strong collective identity, a powerful sense of agency and a critical engagement with the aims of English teaching. It is argued that by exploring these memories, and by re-imagining English as a ‘relational’ or ‘heteroglossial’ activity, current practitioners might find inspiration to work collectively and collaboratively to challenge dominant conceptions of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article is a case study of Irish republican memory entrepreneurship that critically examines the collective memory of the ‘Loughgall Martyrs’. Critiquing the ‘malleability of memory’, it interrogates attempts at remoulding the memory of the ‘Loughgall Martyrs’ in tandem with ‘memory politics’ in modern Irish republicanism and transitioning Northern Ireland. It examines the reinterpretation of the Loughgall memory by Sinn Fein to support their current strategy in the transition of Northern Ireland and conversely how traditionalists use the resilience of memory to contest reinterpretation. Particular examination is given to the emergence of the 1916 societies as a platform for localised resistance to political use of the memory of the men by Sinn Fein. It also examines how the memory of the ‘Loughgall Martyrs’ has been imbibed with assertions of victimhood that feed into wider contestation over the past in the North of Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines how the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University and the Kaliningrad State Technical University have come to exert considerable influence over debates surrounding historical memory and identity in the Kaliningrad region. Under the direct control of the Russian Federation, the Baltic exclave of Kaliningrad is surrounded by member states of the European Union. While the region’s universities have helped to strengthen links between Kaliningrad and institutions across the European Union, the way the students and staff interact with the Russian state reflects cultural tensions in Kaliningrad society. A detailed examination of the history and identity of Kaliningrad’s universities can therefore provide deeper insights into the region’s balancing act between Europe and Russia as well as the ways in which universities can influence local debates over history and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article creates a conceptual and methodological framework for reading case studies. First, it conceptualizes life story and oral history as medium of memory of the twentieth century. Second, it demonstrates how individual, social, and political formats and dimensions of memory intersect in remembering the Baltic socialism. Third, it shows how in a common attempt to remember the socialist past, groups and individuals encounter considerable differences of temporal horizon as well as differences in attributing importance to experiences and events. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explores the discursive strategies of representation of potentially stigmatized Soviet era experience and its integration into a coherent construct of positiveselfas shaped in contemporary discursive contexts of Lithuanian memory culture. The critical moral reflection of potentially stigmatized Soviet era experience in the life stories of Lithuanian former Soviet officials is explored as a different strategy to the ‘pragmatic’ normalizations strategy of representation of this experience and integration of it into positive image of present self. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An essay on the 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo in history and memory is presented. It examines the schism between history and memory, and why the assassination was remembered and evoked in so many forms of popular representation and historical narration. It also explores the origins of the Sarajevo assassination.

This essay critically examines the current duality of Russian-Ukrainian intercultural relations and explores the subject of politics of active and selective memory as the claimed root of current controversies and military tensions. Through rhetorical analysis of historical and contemporary national narratives, it demonstrates how culturally defining experience of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War is remembered, rethought, and reused by respective parties to reinvent the Self and the Br/Other, as well as rethink ones positionality on the world arena. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article aims to contribute to the field of textbook research by exploring a new approach in textbook analysis. Inspired by Michael Rothberg’s concept of multidirectional memory, this article examines multidirectional narratives in history textbooks: narratives that combine different histories, places and times in a productive way. They generate new meanings by combining histories and help us understand new, unknown situations by putting them in familiar frames of reference. The study of multidirectional textbook narratives precisely brings to light how authors make sense of the past and how continuity and meaning interact with interpretations of the present and the future. The analysis of multidirectional textbook narratives enables textbook researchers to examine how past experiences and future expectations are organised. To illustrate this, this article examines how textbook authors generated continuity and meaning by establishing narrative links between the past, the present and the future in English history textbooks for 11- to 14-year-old students in the 1920–1960 period. A case study presents the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588: how and why does the narration of the 1588 event interact with the narration of other historical events, and do these interactions change after the Second World War? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, I explore the slow development of a national debate in Canada about genocide in the Indian residential schools, which I compare to earlier ‘history wars’ in Australia and the United States. In the first section I begin with a brief introduction to the history of the IRS system and some of its legacies, as well as attempts at redress. These include financial compensation through the 2006 IRS Settlement Agreement, an official apology and the creation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which has been a nodal point for articulating claims of genocide. I follow this in the second section with an analysis of the history wars in the United States and Australia over indigenous genocide, before engaging in the third section with debates about genocide in Canada. Overt debates about genocide have been relatively slow in developing, in part because of the creation of a TRC, mandated with collecting the ‘truth’ about the IRS system while similarly engaging in ‘reconciliation’ (a contested term) with settler Canadians. While Canada's history wars may seem slow in getting off the ground, the TRC's more ‘balanced’ approach and wide-ranging engagement with non-Aboriginal societal actors may have a greater effect in stimulating national awareness than in the United States and Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]