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For generations the folk of Tyneside and Wearside have fervently and passionately supported their respective football clubs. What are their origins? How did this hotbed develop in the far north? Historians Paul Joannou and Alan Candlish look at the trail from the 1870s which takes us through the social spectrum of the North East; creation by the upper-classes and ex-public-school boys with amateur principles to the enthusiastic middle and working-classes of the industrial heartland who cemented the game for longevity. By 1882 the move from the gentleman footballers to the man-in-the-street was complete. Development escalated and within a decade the hotbed was smouldering ready to see two major clubs, Newcastle United and Sunderland make a mark on the game. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Marginal spaces are increasingly being taken up for commercial use in London. This includes railway arches, which are appropriated for many different social and economic activities. This article presents the findings of a study on 165 arches in three London neighbourhoods (Hackney, Bethnal Green and Bermondsey), which found the arches to host a disproportionate amount of manufacturing, in addition to concentrations of sectors such as food and drink; and taxi services. Despite being part of Britain's industrial heritage, the arches have proved highly adaptable 'hybrid' spaces supporting office, retail, wholesale and production. They are also modular - businesses move into neighbouring arches as they expand. The arches are therefore well-suited to the postfordist economy of the inner city, which incorporates a highly networked system of small-scale manufacturers and retailers that require flexible and affordable small spaces close to commercial centres. Being arranged side-by-side, and open onto the street, they support knowledge-sharing between firms, while also bringing life to neighbourhoods. The arches have a spatial/functional configuration that might be copied in new forms of industrial development. Indeed, they suggest the possibility of a new spatial form - 'industrial streets' as opposed to industrial estates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Iconic architecture plays a crucial role in cities' interurban competition. This is also the case with Copenhagen which has used iconic architecture as part of its boosterism to gain investment, to increase tourism and to attract the creative class. This battle over the symbolic representation of city dynamism, architectural identity and market competitiveness is expressed in discourses and visual signs in space—be it cyberspace, on location, in newspapers or debates. The articulation of representations and meaning can produce conflicts which show the voids, ruptures, and rational generatives at play. This article will exemplify how actors' use of a specific spatial dispositif of visibility and legibility may be intertwined with particular discourses on community, architectural heritage and identity of place. Two cases are chosen, the first concerns resistance towards high-rise buildings and the second concerns a current debate about the development of a 'metropol-zone'. Both cases concern Copenhagen. The signifying dispositifs (content, argument, rationality) in each case will be identified and the paper will emphasise how certain dispositifs of the visible and the arguable become strategically intertwined through symbolic, visual and virtual representations of the wrongs of current urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the issue of how social scientists might attempt to write in a coherent and empowering way about processes affecting the lives of people living within particular large and complex (i.e. diverse and highly connected) contemporary cities, in relation to the approach adopted by the Working Capital study of London (Buck et al., 2003). It explains that book’s attempt to combine narrative, social science and critique of the new conventional wisdom about change in cities – and argues for a non‐reductive ‘ordinary city’ approach, using a mix of qualitative/local and quantitative/metropolitan analyses to question assumptions about how flexibilisation and global‐cityisation impact on economic, social and political processes in particular cities, including this extraordinary one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mainstream legal scholarship and political theory as well as in some governmentality studies, police is presented as an eighteenth-century form of power/knowledge with close links to the administrative sciences developed in absolutist states. Commentators often state that police regulation has not disappeared but has been largely replaced by liberal governance. This article argues that police powers and knowledges are not, as is generally thought, in a zero-sum, mutually exclusive relationship with liberal governance. The problem space of 'police' is that formed by the desire to prevent urban disorder and incivility. Because it is a field of governance, not a theory or a mentality, police projects can use both liberal and illiberal mechanisms. The legal technology of licensing, a very widely used but under-studied legal tool, allows an old police objective - the promotion of urban order and 'civility' through measures targeting spaces and activities - to be effected by turning the work of managing risks over to the private sector, hence avoiding direct state interference with citizens' liberties. Licensing governs the field of police with a liberal tool. This argument is empirically grounded in a sketch of the history of the rationalities used to justify and evaluate pub licensing in the UK, a history whose ending is taken to be New Labour's 2000 White Paper on liquor licensing and urban disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical case study assesses the utility of spatial analysis based on maps rather than statistics for evaluating a fundamental premise of the social disorganization perspective: that immigration and ethnic heterogeneity weaken social control and increase community levels of crime. We investigate the relationship between the most recent wave of immigration and community levels of black homicide in the northern part of the city of Miami, an area that has received a large number of recent arrivals from Haiti and contains an established African American community. While quantitative methods have been used to explore this issue as pan of an ongoing city-wide analysis, the current focus is on visual representations of the immigration / homicide linkage in the subsection of the city where the theoretically important target populations of African Americans and Haitians reside. Key findings are consistent with previous quantitative analyses that have demonstrated that immigration is not generally associated with higher community levels of homicide. These results call into question basic tenets of the social disorganization perspective while lending support to the concentrated disadvantage and immigration revitalization perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much contemporary debate on the city concentrates on what is known in Italy as ‘la periferia’—the urban fringe, the suburbs, the outer city. In fact, it is almost impossible to study urban history without a deep understanding of the periphery. The periphery is where the vast majority of Europe’s people now live. Yet, this understanding is hampered by a widespread confusion about what the periphery is, and the myriad ways in which these urban forms, mentalities and problems are depicted. John Foot draws together some of these interpretations of the periphery—for Milan but not only for Milan—and then draws out some possible new ways of looking at this whole area of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue here for a reconsideration of the work of Patrick Geddes as providing the elements of a viable system of notation for the development of appropriate settings for urban governance and policy development which draw on a wider range of human and social science disciplines and knowledge frameworks than is currently the case. Geddes' work stands, eccentrically, at the intersection of a developing tradition of multidisciplinary nineteenth-century urbanism and a subsequent narrower and professionalized urban planning framework which is not attentive to, or capable of providing, the 'life management' capacities which remain fundamental to urban governance. It is proposed that Geddes' attempts at the convergence of the disciplines of geography, economics and anthropology through his adaptations of Frédéric Le Play's work on the European family provides a more adequate basis for both analyzing and managing the contemporary imperatives of governance in rapidly transforming urban and civic domains. These imperatives include the understanding of urban life-style and cultural patterns; the nature of the city as an economic unit in post-industrial economies, and the need for strategic and integrated approaches to urban policy development and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the differences of cities in North America and Great Britain during the Victorian period. The advent of industrial revolution has made the study of residential congregation patterns in the 19th-century complex. The notion of modern city is viewed differently by historians. Traditionally modern city is described as having at the center the rich and the poor at the periphery. The advent of mass transportation has reversed the description of modern. The rich abandoned the center and stayed at the periphery and segregation is basically by status and income.