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Context: the Xihuang pill (XHP) is a traditional chinese medicine formulation that has been historically used in the prevention and treatment of proliferative breast diseases. However, there is a lack of guidelines that offer recommendations for its clinical use. Objective: the task force from the chinese Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association aims to develop evidence-based guidelines for XHP to prevent and treat proliferative breast diseases. Methods: we searched six chinese and english electronic databases, including the china National Knowledge infrastructure, the chinese Scientific Journal Database, the wanfang Medical Database, PubMed, and embase, up to November 1, 2022. Publications (case reports, clinical observation, clinical trials, reviews) on using XHP to treat proliferative breast diseases were manually searched. the search terms were Xihuang pill, hyperplasia of the mammary gland, breast lump, and mastalgia. the writing team developed recommendations based on the best available evidence. Results: treatment should be customized based on syndrome identification. we recommend using XHP for the prevention and treatment of breast hyperplasia disease when a patient presents the following syndromes: concurrent blood stasis syndrome, concurrent phlegm-stasis syndrome, and concurrent liver fire syndrome. Safety indicators, including blood analysis and liver and kidney function monitoring, should be performed regularly during treatment. Conclusions: current clinical evidence suggests that XHP can be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other medications to prevent and manage breast hyperplasia diseases. More randomized controlled studies are warranted to establish high-quality evidence of its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ContextLitsea cubeba(Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae) has long been used as a folk remedy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Previous studies from our laboratory indicated thatL. cubebaextract showed anti-arthritic activity in rats. ObjectiveTo studyL. cubebachemically and biologically and to find the potential constituents responsible for its anti-arthritic effect. Materials and methodsThe compounds were isolated from the root ofL. cubebaby column chromatography which eluted with PE:EtOAc gradient system, and the structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis; the anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the TNF-α and NO level were measured by ELISA (commercial kit); The iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IKKβ, P38 and Akt were determined by western blots. ResultsA novel 9-fluorenone, 1-ethoxy-3,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-9-fluorenone (1), together with 4 known compounds, namely pinoresinol (2), syringaresinol (3), 9,9′-O-di-(E)-feruloyl-meso-5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol (4) and lyoniresinol (5) were isolated from the root ofL. cubebafor the first time. The IC50for NO inhibition on compounds1and4were 56.1 ± 1.2 and 32.8 ± 2.3 μM, respectively. The IC50for TNF-α inhibition were 28.2 ± 0.9 and 15.0 ± 1.0 μM, respectively. Both1and4suppress mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2 and protein phosphorylation of IκBα, IKKβ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Discussion and conclusionCompounds1and4isolated fromL. cubebaexhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity through the NF-κB signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context: Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (LC; Umbelliferae) is an effective medical plant, which has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases with other Chinese herbal medicines. Although a considerable amount of scientific research was reported on LC in the last decade, it is currently scattered across various publications. The present review comprises the chemical and pharmacological research on LC in the last decade. Objective: The objective of this review is to bring together most of the scientific research available on LC and evaluate its effects and mechanisms. Methods: The information for 82 cases included in this review was compiled using major databases such as Medline, Elsevier, Springer, Pubmed, and Scholar. Results: The compounds contained in LC can be divided into five kinds, essential oil (EO), alkaloids, phenolic acids, phthalide lactones, and other constituents. A great deal of pharmacological research has been done, which mainly focuses on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antifibrosis, antinociception, antiinflammation, and antineoplastic activity. Conclusion: A large number of pharmacological and chemical studies during the last 10 years have demonstrated the vast medicinal potential of LC. It is still very clear that LC is a plant with widespread use now and also with extraordinary potential for the future. The documents strongly support the view that LC has beneficial therapeutic properties and indicates its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]