21 results
Search Results
2. Transnational Francoism: The British and the Canadian Friends of National Spain (1930s–1950s).
- Author
-
Molas, Bàrbara
- Subjects
FRANCOISM ,BRITISH people ,CIVIL war ,INTERWAR Period (1918-1939) - Abstract
This article explores the transnational nature of the British movement Friends of National Spain and contributes to the study of organised pro-Franco support in Great Britain and Canada during the late interwar and the early post-war periods. Specifically, it considers the influence of British reactionary imaginaries upon Montreal's extreme-right discourse on the Spanish Civil War, Francoism, and democracy. Overall, the paper uses the case of the Canadian Friends of Spain branch to disclose the international significance of the British Friends of National Spain and its branches in England and Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Progress on Freedom of Religion or Belief?: An Analysis of European and North American Government and Parliamentary Initiatives.
- Author
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Toft, Monica Duffy and Christian Green, M.
- Subjects
FREEDOM of religion ,HUMAN rights ,LEGISLATIVE bodies - Abstract
Threats to and violations of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) have been increasing around the world for the last two decades. This has prompted governments to implement initiatives to promote FoRB and to condemn violations. Drawing on data and findings of the Commonwealth Initiative for Freedom of Religion or Belief (CIFoRB), this article presents an analysis of recent legislative, parliamentary, and executive branch initiatives in the U.S., Canada, U.K., and Norway to prioritize FoRB, for the lessons they afford on effective policy action. After an overview of these states' initiatives, this paper concludes with an assessment of their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Housing in Ukraine: How Different Is Kiev from Western Cities?.
- Author
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Kyj, Myroslaw J. and Pal, Surendra
- Subjects
RESIDENTIAL real estate ,COMPARATIVE studies ,REAL property ,HOUSING ,URBAN planning ,WESTERN countries - Abstract
This paper uses listings of residential real estate properties in Kiev, Ukraine to develop a picture of the principal underlying dimensions defining this market. It is possible to obtain valuable information about the structure of this important market from private sources. The paper reviews the history of the residential housing sector in Ukraine and explains the attributes real estate agencies use to characterize this market. The property listings provided by a private Kiev real estate agency are used to create a database for factor analysis. The results of the analysis are used to compare Kiev residential real estate with a study looking at housing dimensions in Canada and England. In light of the principal components of Kiev residential real estate, the authors present implications and suggest guidelines for decision makers in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2001
5. Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment uptake and adherence: a review. Perspectives from Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Bolsewicz, K., Debattista, J., Vallely, A., Whittaker, A., and Fitzgerald, L.
- Subjects
HIV prevention ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,CINAHL database ,DRUGS ,HIV infections ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL care use ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PATIENT compliance ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
International focus on reducing onward HIV transmission emphasizes the need for routine HIV testing and early uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Strategic targets have been set for 2020 to achieve the goal of 90% of people infected with HIV diagnosed, 90% of identified cases on treatment, and 90% of persons on treatment virally suppressed (90–90–90). It is vital to understand the complexity of factors influencing a person's treatment decisions over time and the context which may enable better adherence. In this paper we present findings from the review of published and gray literature (2003–2013) on the documented factors associated with treatment initiation and adherence in the general adult population of Australia, Canada, and the UK. A framework developed by Begley, McLaws, Ross, and Gold [2008. Cognitive and behavioural correlates of non-adherence to HIV anti-retroviral therapy: Theoretical and practical insight for clinical psychology and health psychology.Clinical Psychologist, 12(1), 9–17] in Australia was adapted to summarize the findings. A systematic database search using keywords and a set of inclusion criteria yielded 17 studies (Australia = 6; Canada = 8; UK = 3). In addition 11 reports were included in the review. We found that a person's abilities and motivations (intrapersonal factors, reported in 7 studies) to start and continue ART are influenced by a host of interconnected factors spanning relationship (interpersonal, 3 studies) and broader structural (extrapersonal, 15 studies) factors that are situated within social determinants of health. People therefore evaluate various costs and benefits of starting and staying on treatment, in which biomedical concerns play an important yet often subsidiary role. In this review the economic barriers to care were found to be significant and under-reported, highlighting the persistent health inequities in terms of access to services. Our understanding of the context around people's use of ART remains poor. Qualitative social research within HIV-positive communities is urgently needed to capture people's lived experiences and may address some of this deficit in understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Canadian university students' gendered attitudes toward plagiarism.
- Author
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Bokosmaty, Sahar, Ehrich, John, Eady, Michelle J., and Bell, Kenton
- Subjects
PLAGIARISM ,STUDENT cheating ,COLLEGE students ,YOUNG adults ,HIGHER education - Abstract
Prior research on plagiarism has indicated that men may have a greater predisposition toward academic dishonesty than women. However, little research has been conducted using psychometrically tested instruments to validate such claims. To address this gap, a survey was conducted with 377 undergraduate students at a Canadian university on their attitudes toward plagiarism using a psychometrically validated instrument (the Attitudes Toward Plagiarism Questionnaire - Revised). Using differential item functioning/Rasch analysis, no overall differences in attitudes toward plagiarism based on gender were found. A descriptive analysis of both men and women revealed that while only a concerning minority of students reported engaging in plagiarist behaviours; there was a tendency for students to take a permissive stance on plagiarism. These results are discussed within the wider context of plagiarism research in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. From Persecution to Destitution: A Snapshot of Asylum Seekers' Housing and Settlement Experiences in Canada and the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Kissoon, Priya
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,HOMELESSNESS ,RIGHT of asylum ,IMMIGRANTS ,PERSECUTION ,REFUGEES - Abstract
Canada and the United Kingdom have pedigrees in offering asylum; however, research in both countries has demonstrated widespread poverty amongst asylum seekers and a high risk of homelessness. Focusing on case examples drawn from 60 in-depth interviews with refugees in Toronto and London, this paper shows how national and local structures shape pathways to homelessness, and how refugees interpret their homlessness in the context of their flight from persecution, reception, and settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Delineating the North Atlantic triangle: The Second World War and its aftermath.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Hector
- Subjects
CANADIAN foreign relations ,BRITISH foreign relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
For sixty years, the phrase ‘North Atlantic triangle’ has been employed by Canadian scholars to describe the relations of Canada, Britain and the USA. That image was a product of its time and its originator's perspective, with particular relevance to an understanding of Canada's international relations in the Second World War and its aftermath. This paper weighs the evidence for and against the existence of a triangular relationship in the 1940s and it concludes that the geometric form conveyed an incomplete understanding at the time and it has even less relevance since then. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. (Para-)professionalism in dealing with structures of uncertainty – a cultural comparative study of teaching assistants in inclusion-oriented classrooms.
- Author
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Fritzsche, Bettina and Köpfer, Andreas
- Subjects
SPECIAL education ,CULTURE ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,SCHOOL environment ,TEACHING methods ,SOCIAL support ,PSYCHOLOGY of teachers ,UNCERTAINTY ,INTERVIEWING ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COMMUNICATION ,PROFESSIONALISM ,NEEDS assessment - Abstract
This article presents results from a cultural comparative research on the issue of teaching assistants' and comparable (para-)professionals role in the international context on Inclusive Education. Due to the increasing expectations towards schools to work inclusive, in the last years assistant roles have been an important topic of educational research. On the basis of interview data collected in the UK, Canada and Germany especially the varying conditions of (para-)professionals' practice in inclusion oriented lessons and their professional self-perception are interpreted and internationally compared. Referring to the theoretical concept of professionalism by Ulrich Oevermann, the significance of the working alliance between teaching assistants and students for (para-)professionals self-perception is analysed. As the interpretations point out, teaching assistants' professional roles depend on locally varying structural conditions, but in all three countries are strongly associated with a struggle for increasing autonomy. This article focuses on professionals in schools, whose task it is to help students with assigned Special Educational Needs, for instance "teaching assistants" or "integration aids". We analyse the role of teaching assistants in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany. Our interpretations base on interviews which have been conducted with teaching assistants in those countries. We will make clear that it is important for assistants to work autonomously. However, in some countries they are expected to mainly support individual students (Germany) and in others they shall primarily support teachers (United Kingdom, Canada). Our analysis shows the tendency of regular education to delegate the therapeutic dimension of its practice. This means that, internationally, increasing employment of assistants could contribute to teachers' de-professionalisation and undercut the aim of inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. "Maintaining the connexion": Orangeism in the British North Atlantic World, 1795-1844.
- Author
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Harland-Jacobs, Jessica
- Subjects
MONASTICISM & religious orders ,PROTESTANTS ,IRISH people - Abstract
I, A - B - , do solemnly and voluntarily swear, that I will, to the utmost of my power, support and defend Her present Majesty, Queen Victoria, and her lawful heirs and successors ... so long as she, he, or they, shall support and maintain the Protestant Religion ... that I will to the utmost of my power, defend her against all traitorous conspiracies and attempts whatever, which shall be made against Her person, crown or dignity; ... that I will steadily maintain the connexion between the Colonies of British North America and the Mother Country, and be ever ready to resist all attempts to weaken British influence, or dismember the British Empire.1 This article examines the Orange Order in the context of the British North Atlantic world during the early nineteenth century. It simultaneously conducts circum-, cis-, and trans-Atlantic analyses to argue that although Orangeism was a distinctly Atlantic institution, distinct local contexts - in this case Irish, metropolitan, and colonial - had a profound impact on the fate of the order in this period. Specifically, "local peculiarities" determined the authorities' attitude toward the Orange Order: the connection between Orangeism and politics led metropolitan authorities to discourage and ultimately ban the order, while the political activism of Orangemen actually served to strengthen the order's position in British North America. This examination concludes that the Atlantic remains a viable unit of historical analysis for the history of Orangeism in the first half of the nineteenth century but suggests that studying the brotherhood after the 1860s requires one to adopt the methodologies of world history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Catholic Relief and the Political Awakening of Irish Catholics in Nova Scotia, 1780–1830.
- Author
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Kehoe, S. Karly
- Subjects
IRISH people ,HISTORY of Nova Scotia, 1763- ,BRITISH colonies ,IMPERIALISM ,CHURCH history - Abstract
Over the course of the eighteenth and early-to-mid-nineteenth centuries the Irish, who moved throughout the British Empire, helped to build the social, political and economic structures that would enable the success of countless colonial settlements. They were merchants, traders, fishers and labourers, and a significant proportion of them were Catholic. While many would go on to play pivotal roles in the development of Catholicism in the colonies, the Irish were not alone and often joined or were joined by other Catholic groups such as the French, Spanish and Scottish Highlanders. That the Irish achieved greater political and economic success, though, had a knock-on effect for the other Catholic groups could then use the foundation that the Irish established for their own progress and development. This article considers the place of Catholics on Britain’s expanding colonial landscapes by examining the political awakening of Irish Catholics in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island, two of Britain’s north Atlantic colonies, between 1780 and 1830. These two colonies, like many others, witnessed the growth of an Irish Catholic laity that was ambitious, pragmatic and adept at using the political structures available to reframe their legal status. The election of Laurence Kavanagh, a second-generation Irish Catholic merchant from a tiny fishing outpost on Cape Breton Island, to Nova Scotia’s legislative assembly in 1820, is offered as an example of how this process actually worked on the ground and opens up a broader discussion about the importance of minority populations like Catholics to Britain’s imperial programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Factors impacting HIV testing: a review – perspectives from Australia, Canada, and the UK.
- Author
-
Bolsewicz, K., Vallely, A., Debattista, J., Whittaker, A., and Fitzgerald, L.
- Subjects
HIV prevention ,MEDICAL screening ,HIV infection epidemiology ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
With the current global focus on strengthening HIV prevention through greater testing and treatment uptake, it is increasingly salient to identify and address barriers to testing. A review of the published, peer-reviewed literature and national reports from Australia, Canada, and the UK (2003–2013) on barriers to HIV testing was conducted to provide new information relevant to Australia and to complement earlier reviews from Canada and the UK. A systematic database search using keywords and a set of inclusion criteria yielded 36 studies (Australia = 13; Canada = 6; and the UK = 17). In addition 17 unpublished reports were included in the review. Our study uses a novel, comprehensive framework to describe barriers to HIV testing, and thus contributes to moving beyond the traditional patient–provider–system categorization. Within that framework, barriers are categorized as either intrapersonal (reported in 15 studies), interpersonal (21), or extrapersonal (16) and conceptualized within wider sociocultural and structural contexts. People's abilities and motivations to test (intrapersonal factors) are influenced by a host of interconnected factors spanning relationship (interpersonal) and broader socioeconomic, political and cultural (extrapersonal) factors. We suggest that the relative effects of interventions targeting barriers to HIV testing at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels are limited by the extent to which the social determinants of health are addressed. The framework may also lend itself to thinking about the enabling factors for HIV testing, and future research may investigate the application of that framework for strategizing the most effective response. Future studies should also capture the lived experiences of barriers to HIV testing experienced by patients, especially in populations which are hard to reach based on social and geographic distance. Context-specific studies to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of various interventions proposed in the literature to address barriers to HIV testing are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Following the Example of Other Countries? Policy Analysis of New Legislation in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
- Author
-
Alasuutari, Pertti
- Subjects
DECISION making in political science ,LEGAL justification ,POLITICAL culture ,CROSS-cultural differences ,LEGISLATIVE bills - Abstract
Since previous research has shown that nation-states take the acts of other states in consideration when making decisions about their policies, this article focuses on analyzing national decision-making in actual practice by studying the justifications used in debating new legislation. The data comprises second readings of bills from Canada and the UK and House debates of US bills from 2001 to 2011. The total amount of bills analyzed is 208. The results show that the acts of governments and other agents in the global system are an essential part of the factors to which actors refer in their argumentation. The analysis also shows that the US political culture is less receptive to considering cross-national differences or policies adopted in other states as justification for domestic reforms than the other two countries, whereas Canadians are most sensitive to the international community and their position and reputation among the nations. From these differences in national political cultures we cannot deduce, however, that the United States is immune to external factors or the center of a unilateral system. Although decisions are less often justified by policies adopted in other countries, the global community and economic competition are an essential part of the environment to which US politicians place themselves as decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. ‘Fratricidal warfare’: English-Canadian textbook publishers take on the Americans, 1970–1980.
- Author
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Clark, Penney and Knights, Wayne
- Subjects
TEXTBOOK publishing ,PUBLISHING ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,CANADIAN politics & government, 1945- ,HISTORY ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
Educational publishing sits at the intersection of industry, culture and education. Pedagogical aims must be balanced with the need for publishers to make a profit, while also acknowledging Canadian national identity and culture. The events of central interest are related to the tensions between two publishers’ associations in the wake of the sales, in 1970, of Canadian publishers Gage and Ryerson Press to American interests. The Canadian Book Publishers’ Council was comprised mainly of American branch plants and the Independent Publishers Association membership was Canadian-owned publishing companies. The two associations became bitter rivals, engaging in ‘fratricidal warfare’, as they lobbied the provincial and federal governments and fought to maintain their places in the textbook market. About 65% of total sales revenues from publishing in Canada came from textbook sales in this period. Both governments and commercial interests had to balance Canadian sovereignty with commercial gain and educational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The evolution of Commonwealth citizenship, 1945–1948 in Canada, Britain and Australia.
- Author
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Mann, Jatinder
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,CANADIANS ,AUSTRALIANS ,20TH century British history ,CANADIAN history, 1945- ,20TH century Australian history - Abstract
The conventional wisdom has been that the Canadian Citizenship Act and the British Nationality and Australian Citizenship Act demonstrated the growth of a local nationalism after the Second World War. In reality, the situation was more complicated. Both English-speaking Canada and Australia still regarded themselves as British nations. The passage of the Canadian Act was an illustration of the bicultural nature of that country, which developments during the war had brought to the fore. The Australian Act was simply a reaction to the Canadian Act, as the latter had undermined the common code of British subject status across the Commonwealth. Meanwhile, the British Nationality Act was primarily an attempt to preserve the common status of British subjects throughout the Commonwealth and maintain the integrity of this organisation during a period when it was being rapidly transformed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. POVERTY IN THE NEWS.
- Author
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Redden, Joanna
- Subjects
POVERTY ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,NEWS websites ,REASON ,SOCIAL justice - Abstract
This article provides a framing analysis of mainstream press coverage of poverty (offline and online) in Canada and the UK, and compares mainstream news coverage to coverage on alternative news sites. The research questions the extent to which, and how, coverage of children and immigrants presents contemporary constructions of the ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving poor’. It is argued that rationalizing and individualizing frames dominate coverage of poverty and immigration. The author suggests that the significance of the dominance of these frames is their ability to privilege and embed market-based approaches to poverty and immigration. An analysis of alternative news content reveals the extent to which social justice frames, the very frames that counter market-based approaches, are absent from mainstream news coverage. Overall, these results indicate that challenging problematic representations and approaches to poverty will require changing representations, an expansion of coverage that runs counter to news norms, and structural investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Britain, the Charter of Rights and the spirit of the 1982 Canadian Constitution.
- Author
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Bastien, Frederic
- Subjects
CANADIAN politics & government, 1980- ,CONSTITUTIONAL history ,CANADIAN federal government - Abstract
The Canadian Constitution remained a British statute from 1867 to 1982, a situation that endured even after the country became independent in 1931. As a result, every time Canadians wanted constitutional changes, legislation had to be passed in Westminster. Between 1980 and 1982, following the Quebec referendum on independence, the then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau undertook to change this situation. This meant devising a Canadian amending formula and, most importantly for Trudeau, the inclusion of an entrenched bill of rights in the constitution. Trudeau's initial project was opposed by eight of 10 provinces and this situation proved difficult for the UK. The opposing provinces lobbied British lawmakers in order to convince them to vote against the federal request. That situation eventually forced Ottawa to accept a diluted version of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. RICHARD & JUDY'S BOOK CLUB AND 'CANADA READS': Readers, books and cultural programming in a digital era.
- Author
-
Sedo, Denel Rehberg
- Subjects
BOOKS & reading ,DIGITAL technology ,MASS media ,INTERNET ,INTERACTIVE television ,RADIO (Medium) ,CULTURE ,INTERVIEWING - Abstract
This article is a result of a transnational comparison of two broadcast book programs' influence on readers' book choices. Online surveys and focus group interviews in Canada and the UK illustrate active audience participation in the converged era of print books, the internet, television and radio. The analysis examines readers' negotiation of book choices through uses and gratifications theory as informed by a cultural critique of the programs themselves. Readers simultaneously respond to and create a hierarchy of cultural tastes that are bound up in the cultural assumptions that they have about the different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Equity vs. Invisibility: Sexual Orientation Issues in Social Work Ethics and Curricula Standards.
- Author
-
Mulé, NickJ.
- Subjects
SOCIAL services ,SEXUAL orientation ,HUMAN services ,SOCIAL workers ,PUBLIC welfare ,VALUES (Ethics) - Abstract
The responsibility of the social work profession to be inclusive and equitable in its service provision is reviewed via policies relating to professional training regarding sexual orientation issues. A comparative review of Canada, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) and international standards regarding sexual orientation issues in social work codes of ethics and curricula standards was undertaken. A consistency exists in the USA between its ethics code and curriculum standards further backed by a mandated approach, but it is weak in the area of ethically principled practice skills. Both Canada and the UK are less consistent and comprehensive and lack a mandated approach. The results speak to where consistencies exist and where they need to be established in order to develop an infrastructure that properly trains social workers in cultural competency for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Do Shared Values Underpin National Identity? Examining the Role of Values in National Identity in Canada and the United Kingdom.
- Author
-
Henderson, Ailsa and McEwen, Nicola
- Subjects
VALUES (Ethics) ,NATIONAL character ,NATIONALISM ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
This article examines whether shared national values form a vital component in the construction and development of national identity. In so doing, it challenges Kymlicka and Norman in their assumption that shared values have little relevance for national identity. Drawing upon competing nationalist discourses in Canada, Quebec, Scotland and the United Kingdom, we argue that the idea of shared values serves as a useful tool in shaping and reinforcing national identities within multinational states. Such values contribute to defining the collective conception of national identity, describing who we are as a people, and what it is that binds us together while distinguishing us from others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Theorizing citizenship in British settler societies.
- Author
-
Pearson, David
- Subjects
ETHNICITY ,NATIONAL character ,CITIZENSHIP ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,PLURALISM ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
This article discusses citizenship in states with a history as British 'dominion' settler societies, focusing on questions of ethnicity and national identity. After noting the shortcomings of T. H. Marshall's widely used citizenship model, the key differences between English and British settler society citizenship experience are outlined, drawing on illustrative material from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. The main settler/English state differences highlighted, are the presence of aboriginal peoples with distinct juridicial and political statuses; a characteristic set of relationships between successive flows of British migrants and subsequent generations of local-born settlers, and the shift in societies of immigration towards more extensive forms of ethnic and national pluralism within a 'post-settler' conception of multicultural nationhood in a globalized world. Finally, the article suggests settler and post-settler society citizenship is best conceptualized and described by examining the linked processes of what is called the aboriginalization (of aboriginal minorities), the ethnification (of immigrant minorities) and the indigenization (of settler majorities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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