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Direct moxibustion is an important and widely used treatment method in traditional medical science. The use of a mathematical method to analyse direct moxibustion treatment is necessary and helpful in exploring the new direct moxibustion instruments and their standardisation. Thus, this paper aims to use a mathematical method to study direct moxibustion in skin to demonstrate a direct relationship between direct moxibustion and skin stimuli. In this paper, the transient thermal response of skin layers is analysed to study direct moxibustion using the data got from standardised method to measure the temperature of a burning moxa cone. Numerical simulations based on an appropriate finite element model are developed to predict the heat transfer, thermal damage and thermal stress distribution of barley moxa cones and jujube moxa cones in the skin tissue. The results are verified by the ancient literatures of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical application, and showed that mathematical method can be a good interface between moxa cone and skin tissue providing the numerical value basis for moxibustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract from the aerial parts ofViburnum betulifoliumBatal. afforded four new tetrahydrofuran lignans, betulifolium A-D (1,2,4, and5), together with two known compounds vibsanol-9′-al (3) and sarcomeginal (6). This paper deals with the isolation and structure elucidation of the new compounds on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR analyses and HR-ESI-MS data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the politics of medicine in the People's Republic of China. It is noted that medical care in this country, most notably in rural areas, had been of degrading quality. Added to this is the fact that there are few trained medical personnel to suffice even the minimal health needs. Relative to this, improvement of the health standard of China's people had been an aim of the People's Republic of China. Cooperative medical service programs were introduced, and the value of traditional Chinese medicine, in combination with Western health techniques, were encouraged and the training of subprofessional health personnel was undertaken.

Two new steroidal glycosides ponasteroside C (1) and ponasteroside D (2) were isolated from the aerial parts ofLepidogrammitis drymoglossoides. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and HCT-8 cell lines, and compounds1and2showed mild activity against all the test cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new sesquiterpenoid glycosides, lyciumionosides A–B (1–2), together with four known compounds (3–6), were isolated from the leaves ofLycium barbarum.Their structures were mainly established on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The antiproliferative activities of compounds1–5were evaluated. Compound1showed highest inhibitory activity against A549 cells with IC50value of 32.6 ± 2.6 μM, compound3showed highest inhibitory activity against PC-3 cells with IC50value of 36.0 ± 2.9 μM, and compound5exhibited highest inhibitory activity against HeLa cells with IC50value of 32.3 ± 4.2 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Five diarylpentanol derivatives including two new compounds stellerasme A (1), stellerasme B (2) were isolated from the aerial parts ofStelleropsis tianschanica. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, CD, 1D and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activity against HeLa and KB cell lines, and compound1showed selective activities against HeLa cell line with an IC50value of 7.4 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four new dianthrone glycosides, named polygonumnolides C1-C4 (1–4), were isolated from the dried roots ofPolygonum multiflorumThunb, together with two known emodin dianthrones (5–6). Their hepatotoxicities were evaluated against L-02 cell lines. Compounds1–4showed weak hepatotoxicity against L-02 cell lines with IC50values of 313.05, 205.20, 294.20, and 207.35 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A sesquiterpene coumarin, sinkiangenorin E, consisting of a novel bicyclo[4.3.1]decane-type sesquiterpene system, was isolated from the seeds ofFerula sinkiangensis. The structure of sinkiangenorin E including the relative stereochemistry and the absolute configuration was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The new compound showed cytotoxic activity against AGS cells (IC50, 12.7 μM) and inhibiting effect against influenza A H1N1(IC50, 4.0 μM), which provided important clues for the study on the bioactivities of this type of sesquiterpene coumarins. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new resveratrol dimer, carasiphenol A ( 1 ), and a new resveratrol trimer, carasiphenol B ( 2 ), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Caragana sinica . Their structures have been elucidated from spectroscopic evidence, especially HMBC and NOE experiments. The relative configuration of the known dimer pallidol ( 6 ) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four novel cycloartanes, named sphaerophysone A ( 1 ), B ( 2 ), C ( 3 ) and D ( 4 ), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence, and the stereochemistry of compound 1 was defined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Sphaerophysone B ( 2 ) may be an artifact formed in the isolation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]