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Recent studies have explored the prognostic role of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with bile duct cancer (BTC), but the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to provide insight into the prognostic significance of the CAR in BTC prior to treatment using a meta-analysis. Summarized hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for prognosis and clinicopathological features using fixed or random effects models. Fourteen studies with a total of 1,543 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Elevated CAR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.81–2.60, P < 0.001) and decreased disease-free survival or recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.98–3.25, P < 0.001) in BTC. In addition, high CAR was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.12– 2.13, P = 0.008), bile duct invasion (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.54–4.54, P < 0.001), and tumor stages III–IV (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.05–9.20, P = 0.040). However, there was no significant association between CAR and sex, microvascular invasion, or resection. An elevated CAR was significantly related to worse long-term and short-term survival and advanced clinicopathological features of BTC. CAR could serve as a valuable, noninvasive prognostic marker in patients with BTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the performance of Vitamin D/calcitriol-induced miR-589-3p in predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and its role in cancer cell function. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) related to calcitriol treatment, the GSE61829 dataset was analyzed. MiR-589-3p expression levels were verified in cervical cancer patients. The association of miR-589-3p with overall survival was investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and the multi-variate Cox proportional hazards model analysis. The effects of miR-589-3p on cervical cancer cells and calcitriol-treated cells were examined using the MTT assay and Transwell migration/invasion assay. From GSE61829 dataset, a total of eleven DEMs were identified, including miR-589-3p. MiR-589-3p was found to be decreased in cervical cancer but increased after one-year intake of Vitamin D. Low miR-589-3p after one-year intake of Vitamin D was identified as a predictive factor for low survival probability (p = 0.0059) with a significant impact on the death risk (HR: 3.04; 95%CI: 1.47-6.29; p = 0.003). MiR-589-3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation and migration/invasion of cervical cancer cells and calcitriol-treated cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-589-3p can be induced by Vitamin D/calcitriol treatment and inhibit cervical cancer progression. MiR-589-3p has the potential to predict overall survival in patients with cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIntroductionMaterial and methodsResultsConclusionsComplete mesocolic excision (CME) is widely adopted for its assumed superior oncological outcome. However, it’s unclear if all right-sided colon cancer patients benefit from CME. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate whether CME contributes to postoperative outcomes and to determine the surgical indications for CME.We searched eligible articles about CME versus non-CME procedures for right-sided colon cancer in the OVID Medline, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, and a meta-analysis was conducted.Twenty-two articles and seven abstracts involving 8088 patients were included in this study. Among them, 3803 underwent CME and 4285 non-CME procedures. The analysis showed that CME was favoured for three-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), for local, systemic, and total recurrence, and for hospital stay durations. However, increased vascular injury and longer surgery time were observed in CME. Regarding the three-year OS, the superiority of CME was observed only in Stage III. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between CME and non-CME groups regarding overall complications, 30-day readmission rates, reoperation, or postoperative mortality rates.CME for right-sided colon cancer should be considered, particularly in Stage III patients, to contribute to improved oncological outcomes. However, careful attention must be paid to the increased risk of vascular injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A minority of patients with MSS tumors present a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) without underlying MMR defects. Methods: Publicly available genomic series were assessed for identification of patients with MSS gastric gastroesophageal junction, and esophageal adenocarcinomas and a high TMB, defined as more than 10 mutations per Mb. These were compared with MSS cancers and a low TMB for genetic alterations and for survival outcomes. Results: Patients with MSS cancers with high TMB in the MSK series were older but did not differ in other clinicopathologic parameters compared with MSS patients with low TMB. Mutations in tumor suppressors TP53 and APC and oncogenes KRAS and ERBB4 as well as amplifications of ERBB2 were more prevalent in the high TMB group of MSS cancers. Mutations in DDR associated genes, in epigenetic modifiers and in genes associated with immune response were more prevalent in the hIgh TMB group patients. However, high TMB was not associated with an improved survival in MSS gastric/gastroesophageal junction/esophageal adenocarcinomas (Log Rank p = 0.5). Conclusion: MSS Gastric/gastroesophageal junction/esophageal adenocarcinomas with TMB above 10 mutations per Mb possess a genomic landscape with increased alteration frequencies in common gastroesophageal cancer genes and pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KIF2C/MCAK (KIF2C) is the most well-characterized member of the kinesin-13 family, which is critical in the regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics during mitosis, as well as interphase. This systematic review briefly describes the important structural elements of KIF2C, its regulation by multiple molecular mechanisms, and its broad cellular functions. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes its oncogenic potential in malignant progression and performs a meta-analysis of its prognostic value in cancer patients. KIF2C was shown to be involved in multiple crucial cellular processes including cell migration and invasion, DNA repair, senescence induction and immune modulation, which are all known to be critical during the development of malignant tumors. Indeed, an increasing number of publications indicate that KIF2C is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer entities. Consequently, we have highlighted its involvement in at least five hallmarks of cancer, namely: genome instability, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, avoiding immune destruction and cellular senescence. This was followed by a systematic search of KIF2C/MCAK's expression in various malignant tumor entities and its correlation with clinicopathologic features. Available data were pooled into multiple weighted meta-analyses for the correlation between KIF2Chigh protein or gene expression and the overall survival in breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Furthermore, high expression of KIF2C was correlated to disease-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. All meta-analyses showed poor prognosis for cancer patients with KIF2Chigh expression, associated with a decreased overall survival and reduced disease-free survival, indicating KIF2C's oncogenic potential in malignant progression and as a prognostic marker. This work delineated the promising research perspective of KIF2C with modern in vivo and in vitro technologies to further decipher the function of KIF2C in malignant tumor development and progression. This might help to establish KIF2C as a biomarker for the diagnosis or evaluation of at least three cancer entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oncology community has shown growing interest to understand how body composition measures can be utilized to improve cancer treatment and survivorship care for about 20 million individuals diagnosed with cancer annually. Recent observational studies demonstrate that muscle and adipose tissue distribution are risk factors for clinical outcomes such as postoperative complications, and worse overall survival. There is an emergent recognition that body mass index (BMI) is neither adequate to identify patients with adverse health outcomes due to poor muscle health or excess adiposity, nor does BMI accurately classify the distribution of adiposity. Abdominal CT is a most frequently imaging examination for a wide variety of clinical indications, but it is only used to diagnose the immediate problem. Additionally, each CT examination contains very robust data on body composition which generally goes unused in routine clinical practice. The field is eager to identify therapeutic interventions that modify body composition and reduce the incidence of poor clinical outcomes in this population. Large scale population based screening is feasible now by making all of these relevant biometric measures fully automated through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms, which provide rapid and objective assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its anti-angiogenic properties, trebananib is frequently employed in the treatment of cancer patients, particularly those with ovarian cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety profile of trebananib in combination with other drugs for treating both ovarian and non-ovarian cancer patients. Our search encompassed PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases, with a focus on evaluating study quality. Data extraction was conducted from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and RevMan 5.3 facilitated result analysis. Combining trebananib with other drugs extended progression-free survival (PFS) [HR 0.81, (95%CI: 0.65, 0.99), p = 0.04] and overall survival (OS) [HR 0.88, (95%CI: 0.79, 1.00), p = 0.04] in ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer patients exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) with trebananib compared to non-ovarian cancer cohorts. Moreover, the incorporation of trebananib into the standard treatment regimen for malignant tumors did not significantly elevate drug-related adverse events [RR 1.05, (95% CI: 1.00, 1.11), p = 0.05]. Trebananib plus other drugs can improve the PFS, OS and ORR in patients with cancer, especially ovarian cancer. Our recommendation is to use trebananib plus other drugs to treat advanced cancer, and to continuously monitor and manage drug-related adverse events. PROSPERO (No. CRD42023466988) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the effects of megestrol acetate (MA) prophylactic (p-MA) versus reactive (r-MA) use for critical body-weight loss (>5% from baseline) during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with advanced pharyngolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PLSCC). Patients receiving CCRT alone in two phase-II trials were included for analyses. Both the p-MA and r-MA cohorts received the same treatment protocol at the same institution, and the critical body-weight loss, survival, and adverse event profiles were compared. The mean (SD) weight loss was 5.1% (4.7%) in the p-MA cohort (n = 54) vs. 8.1% (4.6%) in the r-MA cohort (n = 50) (p =.001). The percentage of subjects with body-weight loss >5% was 42.6% in the p-MA cohort vs. 68.0% in the r-MA cohort (p =.011). Tube feeding was needed in 22.2% of p-MA vs. 62.0% of r-MA patients (p <.001). Less neutropenia (26.0% vs. 70.0% [p <.001]) and a shorter duration of grade 3-4 mucositis (2.4 ± 1.4 vs. 3.6 ± 2.0 wk [p =.009]) were observed with p-MA treatment. Disease-specific survival, locoregional control, or distant metastasis-free survival did not differ. Less competing mortality from secondary primary cancer resulted in a better overall survival trend in the p-MA cohort. p-MA may reduce body-weight loss and improve adverse event profiles during CCRT for patients with PLSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is involved in the Warburg effect. Elevated serum LDH is a prognostic marker for metastatic solid cancer. Aim: To investigate the prognostic impact of serum LDH in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 129 patients treated with ICIs between 2017 and 2023. The effects of pretreatment LDH, LDH at 3 months, and change in LDH during the first 3 months (ΔLDH) on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. Results: The 1-year PFS and OS rates for high and low groups were 6.0% and 30.1% for pretreatment LDH (p = 0.044), 25.7% and 38.3% for on-treatment LDH (p = 0.079), and 14.3% and 38.7% for ΔLDH (p = 0.008), as well as 42.1% and 60.9% for pretreatment LDH (p = 0.109), 56.0% and 80.5% (p < 0.001) for on-treatment LDH, and 31.0% and 81.0% for ΔLDH (p < 0.001), respectively. ΔLDH was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. Conclusions and Significance: ΔLDH can be used to predict ICI treatment outcomes and as a marker in deciding to continue ICI therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) stands as a prevalent gynecologic malignancy in developed regions. However, predicting relapse cases remains challenging, necessitating the identification of a novel biomarker for EEC relapse. The assessment of tumor mutational burden (TMB) is pivotal for immunotherapy in EEC patients. However, both whole-exome sequencing (WES) and targeted sequencing encountered application-related difficulties. In light of this, standardized and simplified techniques for TMB measurement are imperative. In this study, we employed WES on 25 EEC patients (12 relapsed cases and 13 non-relapsed cases) who accepted hysterectomy surgery (CHCAMS cohort). We additionally obtained a total of 391 tumor samples with clinicopathological features from TCGA website to broaden the study cohort. In the CHCAMS cohort, the TTN mutant group showed shorter progression-free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p < 0.001) than TTN wild-type group. Additionally, we discovered that the number of TTN mutations per sample was significantly linked with TMB-WES in CHCAMS cohort and TCGA cohort (p < 0.05). And the number of TTN mutations per sample in POLE mutant group was greater than in the POLE wild-type group (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, TTN mutation may serve as a biomarker for EEC prognosis. TTN mutation is also associated with WES-TMB, and could be a simplified TMB measurement technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to build a prognostic model based on lactic acid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) to predict survival outcomes and tumor microenvironment status of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The model was used to calculate riskscores of clinical samples. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to verify the independence and reliability of the riskscore to determine its clinical significance in prognosis evaluation of HCC. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of tumor mutation burden (TMB), immune cell infiltration, and gene set molecular function in the high- and low-risk groups. We obtained 134 LMRGs mainly involved in cellular calcium homeostasis and calcium signaling pathways. The LMRGs in the risk assessment model included PFKFB4, SLC16A3, ADRA2B, SLC22A1, QRFPR, and PROK1. This study discovered much shorter overall survival and median survival time of patients with higher riskscores when compared to those with lower riskscores. It was indicated that for independent prediction of patients' prognosis, the riskscore had a significant clinical value. A remarkable difference was also found regarding TMB between the two groups. Finally, cell experiments demonstrated that the knockout of PFKFB4 and SLC16A3 genes suppressed lactate. Our research demonstrated that the riskscore, established based on LMRGs, is a promising biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the role of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and phase angle measurement in assessing malnutrition in head and neck (n = 37) and brain (n = 63) tumor patients received radiotherapy. Common nutritional screening and assessment tests were used to identify malnutrition in the patients. Each patient underwent these tests once, along with phase angle measurement. Additionally, inflammation parameters, including neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammatory index (SII), were calculated. All study results were correlated with the phase angle cutoff point of 5.72°. The phase angle demonstrated significant correlations with subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment (MNA) scores, BIA parameters, nutritional index, NLR, and SII (p < 0.05). Moreover, in head and neck tumor patients, those with higher standardized phase angle values exhibited significantly better two-year overall survival (32.1% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.006). The phase angle measurement is a convenient, noninvasive, and reproducible method that can complement existing tools for assessing malnutrition risk in radiotherapy patients. The significant correlations observed between the phase angle and various nutritional, inflammation markers and prognosis highlight its potential utility. Further studies incorporating a larger patient cohort will be beneficial in establishing a standard phase angle reference value for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-analysis was designed and conducted to estimate the effect of tumoral microvessel density (MVD) on the survival of patients with osteosarcoma. There was no difference between high and low MVD regarding the overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival. Low MVD tumors displayed a lower DFS at the third year of follow-up. Although primary metastases did not affect the mean MVD measurements, tumors with a good chemotherapy response had a higher MVD value. Although no significant differences between tumoral MVD, OS and DFS were found, good adjuvant therapy responders had a significant higher vascularization pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the prognostic value of preoperative Naples prognostic score (NPS) on survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We conducted a retrospective study about UTUC patients at West China Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019. The X-Tile program was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of NPS. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the endpoints of interest. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival and Cox proportional hazard model was used for risk assessment. A total of 237 UTUC patients after RNU were identified and the threshold of NPS was determined to be 2. Preoperative high-NPS was associated with inferior OS (p = 0.004), CSS (p = 0.002) and PFS (p = 0.008), especially in locally advanced UTUC patients. Preoperative NPS was an independent predictor for OS (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.93), CSS (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.14) and PFS (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.50). The addition of NPS into the predictive model consisting of predictors from multivariate Cox regression resulted in better prediction performance. Preoperative NPS was a novel and reliable predictor for survival in UTUC patients after RNU, and should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many factors that affect the survival of patients with gastric cancer, such as TNM stage, the patient's nutritional status, inflammation, and so on. In this study, the prognostic significance of preoperative fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and postoperative TNM staging in patients with gastric cancer was retrospectively studied. A total of 265 patients (surgery dates from January 2007 to December 2013) were included in this retrospective study. All the patients were confirmed by pathology after operation. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess prognostic factors. Nomogram was applied to predict the prognosis of overall survival (OS). The higher the FAR value, the more lymph node metastasis, the later the TNM stage, and the shorter the survival time. We established a new scoring system, the FAR-TNM score, which combined FAR and TNM stage. The FAR-TNM score was significantly related to tumor location, tumor size, Bormann types, differentiation, operative type, vascular invasion, nerve invasion, depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that tumor location, TNM stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and FAR-TNM score were independent prognostic elements for OS in patients with GC. The FAR-TNM score was a valuable independent prognostic indicator for GC patients after surgery, which can help clinicians to assist the treatment and long-term management of patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic value of the Gustave Roussy immune (GRIm) score in cancer patients has been widely reported but remains inconsistent. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the relationship between the GRIm score and survival outcomes in cancer patients. Relevant literature was identified using electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase from the inception to March 2023. The primary endpoints were long-term oncological outcomes. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted during the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies (20 cohorts) including 4997 cancer patients were enrolled. The combined results revealed that patients in the high GRIm group had a deteriorated overall survival (HR = 2.07 95%CI: 1.73–2.48; p < 0.0001; I2 = 62%) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.22–1.66; p < 0.0001; I2 = 36%). The prognostic values of GRIm on overall survival and progression-free survival were observed across various tumour types and tumour stages. Sensitivity analysis supported the stability and reliability of the above results. Our evidence suggested that the GRIm score could be a valuable prognostic marker in cancer patients, which can be used by clinicians to stratify patients and formulate individualized treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Madagascar, the epidemiologic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of multiple myeloma remain poorly understood. Our objectives were to describe the cases, report factors associated with mortality, and estimate patient survival. This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted in five teaching hospitals in Madagascar: HJRA and CENHOSOA (Antananarivo), CHUPZAGA (Mahajanga), CHUAT (Toamasina) and CHUT (Fianarantsoa). The study included patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021. Of the 11,374 cancer patients, 75 (0.66%) had multiple myeloma. The mean age of the patients was 59.9 years (±8.9) and the sex ratio was 1.5. Arterial hypertension was observed in 32% of the patients. The most common symptom of myeloma was bone pain (n = 48; 64%). Forty-six patients (61%) were diagnosed with stage III myeloma and 28 patients (37.3%) with stage IIIA myeloma according to the Durie-Salmon classification. Anemia, renal failure, hypercalcemia and fractures were present in 53%, 37%, 21% and 28% of cases, respectively. Fifty-four patients received specific treatment. The combination of melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide was used in 79.63% of cases, and one patient had received autologous stem cell transplantation. Eleven patients (14.67%) died. Chronic kidney disease (p = 0.009), smoking (p = 0.028) and two associated comorbidities (p = 0.035) were associated with mortality. The median overall survival was 45.5 months. Patient survival is shorter than reported in the literature. The high mortality rate is due to comorbidities and limited access to recommended therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current systematic analysis and meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the association between radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) and survival of women with cervical cancer (CC). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant cohort studies comparing survival between women with CC who developed versus not developed RIL after radiotherapy. We pooled the results using a random-effects model that incorporates heterogeneity. In the meta-analysis, 952 women with CC were included from eight cohort studies. Overall, 378 (39.7%) of them had RIL after radiotherapy. During a median follow-up duration of 41.8 months, pooled results showed that RIL was independently associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81 to 3.94, p < 0.001; I2 = 20%) and progression-free survival (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.98, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Predefined subgroup analyses showed similar results in patients with grade 3-4 and grade 4 RIL, in patients with RIL diagnosed during or after the radiotherapy, and in studies with quality score of seven or eight points (p values for subgroup effect all < 0.05). In conclusion, women with RIL were associated with poor survival after radiotherapy for CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olaparib for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. All studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of olaparib in advanced ovarian cancer were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to 20 September 2022. The analysis included six studies and 2016 patients. Olaparib could significantly prolong the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients compared to that of the control group (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.36 − 0.68). However, no statistically significant differences were detected in overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) between the olaparib and control groups. Olaparib treatment increased the number of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer compared with that in the control group. Olaparib significantly prolonged PFS in patients with advanced ovarian cancer; however, no statistically significant differences were detected in OS and ORR. In terms of safety, olaparib has manageable adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This present study aims to explore the influence of metformin and postoperative insulin pump use on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received surgery in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes. Methods: 613 CRC patients who had comorbid T2DM and received surgery at a single clinical center from Jan, 2011 to Dec, 2021 were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to find predictive factors for overall complications and major complications. Cox regression analyses was used to find prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to show the OS and DFS between the insulin pump group and the no insulin pump group. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis reported that lower body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01, OR = 0.922, 95% CI = 0.870-0.977) and metformin use (p=0.03, OR = 0.643, 95% CI = 0.431-0.959) were independent protective factors for overall complications, and insulin pump after surgery (p<0.01, OR = 3.991, 95% CI = 2.434-6.544) was an independent risk factor for overall complications. As for major complications, metformin use (p=0.042, OR = 0.274, 95% CI = 0.079-0.956) and insulin pump after surgery (p=0.03, OR = 2.892, 95% CI = 1.107-7.552) remained independent protective factors and independent risk factors, respectively. Moreover, in Cox regression analyses, age (OS: p<0.01, HR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.008-1.057; DFS: p<0.01, HR = 1.030, 95% CI = 1.008-1.052), tumor stage (OS: p<0.01, HR = 1.709, 95% CI = 1.244-2.346; DFS: p<0.01, HR = 1.696, 95% CI = 1.276-2.254), and Insulin pump after surgery (OS: p<0.01, HR = 2.923, 95% CI = 1.887-4.527; DFS: p<0.01, HR = 2.671, 95% CI = 1.779-4.009) were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. After comparing the OS and DFS between the insulin pump group and the no insulin pump group, patients who received postoperative insulin pump had worse OS and DFS in all tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages (p<0.01). Conclusion: Diabetic CRC patients who used metformin had a lower risk of postoperative complications. However, there was no difference from patients not using metformin in terms of survival. Furthermore, patients receiving postoperative insulin pump had more postoperative complications and worse survival in all TNM stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) often show malnutrition, its effects on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcomes in these patients are unclear. To investigate the prognostic influence of nutritional indices in patients with HNSCC treated with ICIs and determine the optimal indices. This retrospective study included 106 patients with HNSCC treated with ICIs between 2017 and 2022. The prognostic influences of body mass index (BMI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox-regression models. The 1-year PFS rates in the groups with high and low BMI, GNRI, and PNI were, respectively, 24.2% and 28.4% (p =.731), 29.7% and 14.4% (p =.024), and 30.3% and 13.9% (p =.015). PNI was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–3.29) and OS (HR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.66–6.40). PNI can predict ICI outcomes and should be assessed when ICI treatment is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety and depression are frequently noticed in glioma patients, while few studies report this issue in recurrent glioma patients. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, as well as their risk factors and prognostic value in recurrent glioma patients. Eighty recurrent glioma patients, 40 newly-diagnosed glioma patients, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Then, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety (HADS-A) and for depression (HADS-D) were used to assess the anxiety and depression status of all subjects. The HADS-A score (8.6 ± 3.3 vs. 7.0 ± 2.9 vs. 4.3 ± 2.5), anxiety rate (58.8% vs. 32.5% vs. 10.0%), HADS-D score (7.9 ± 3.0 vs. 6.9 ± 3.1 vs. 4.0 ± 2.6), and depression rate (45.0% vs. 30.0% vs. 7.5%) were all highest in recurrent glioma patients, followed by newly-diagnosed glioma patients, and were lowest in healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, female sex (vs. male sex) was independently correlated with anxiety (odds ratio (OR): 3.042, P = 0.029); meanwhile, higher World Health Organization (WHO) pathological grade was independently correlated with depression (OR: 2.573, P = 0.019) in recurrent glioma patients. Additionally, anxiety was correlated with shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.028) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.047), while depression only had a correlation trend with shortened PFS (without statistical significance) (P = 0.069) and was associated with shortened OS (P = 0.035) in recurrent glioma patients. The prevalence of anxiety and depression is high in recurrent glioma patients, which relates to gender, WHO pathological grade, and estimates worsen survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) from malignancies is associated with a poor outcome. Only a small number of studies on gastrointestinal tumor bleeding have been published so far, focusing mainly on bleeding from gastric cancer. Since the information on patients with UGIB from esophageal cancer appears insufficient, this study aimed to present clinical and endoscopic findings, treatment options as well as clinical outcomes such as rebleeding and survival of those patients. This retrospective analysis included all patients admitted with UGIB from esophageal cancer at our university hospital during a 10-year period. 45 patients were analyzed of whom 26 (57.8%) already had cancer stage IV at index bleeding. 22 (48.9%) patients presented with hemodynamic instability and 30 (66.7%) patients received blood transfusions. Active bleeding was present in 24 (53.3%) patients, of whom 20 (83.3%) received endoscopic therapy. Successful hemostasis was achieved in 18 (90%) of 20 patients with Argon plasma coagulation used most frequently (52.4%). Early and delayed rebleeding occurred in 5 (12.5%) and 11 (27.5%) of all inoperable patients, respectively. Intake of anticoagulation or anti-platelet drugs were risk factors for delayed rebleeding and the median overall survival after index bleeding was 1.2 months. UGIB from esophageal cancer occurred most frequently in advanced tumor stages and was associated with significant blood loss. Even though initial endoscopic therapy was effective, rebleeding occurred in a significant number of patients. Those taking anticoagulants or anti-platelet drugs should be closely monitored for rebleeding. The overall survival after index bleeding was poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) has been applied as a nutritional screening tool in oncology patients. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between the risk of malnutrition defined by the NRS 2002 and adverse outcomes in patients with cancer. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until May 7, 2023. Studies investigating the association between the risk of malnutrition defined by the NRS 2002 and overall survival or postoperative complications in adult patients with cancer were included. Patients were grouped as being at risk of malnutrition (NRS2002 ≥ 3) and not at risk (NRS 2002 < 3). Twenty-two studies involving 9,332 patients were identified. The reported prevalence of the risk of malnutrition ranged from 12.8% to 80.8%. Meta-analysis indicated that cancer patients with a risk of malnutrition had a poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.66; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.40–1.97). Furthermore, the pooled adjusted odds ratio of postoperative complications was 2.27 (95% CI 1.81–2.84) for the risk of malnutrition. The risk of malnutrition defined by the NRS 2002 is independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications and worse overall survival in patients with cancer. NRS 2002 can serve as a promising risk stratification tool in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), the response to ICIs remains unclear. To summarize the clinical outcomes of patients with HNSCC treated with nivolumab (Nivo) in our institution, and provide a basis for research on biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of ICIs. Forty-four patients with R/M HNSCC who received Nivo (2017–2022) were retrospectively analysed. Despite the older age of this cohort (median age of 72 years), we observed favourable long-term outcomes, with an overall survival of 24.1 months, which could be attributed to our aggressive nutritional intervention. Older age, poor performance status (≥1), and higher Glasgow Prognostic Scores, reflecting the chronic inflammation and malnutrition of patients, were associated with poor prognoses, with hazard ratios for death of 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.07–6.46, p =.016), 3.50 (95% CI; 1.28–9.55, p =.001), and 2.69 (95% CI; 1.17–6.21, p =.029), respectively. Peripheral blood biomarker analysis revealed that systemic inflammation may negatively affect the efficacy of Nivo. Our results suggest that nutrition and inflammation must be the focus of future studies aiming to identify novel biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is used to assess the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the GNRI and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Methods: We performed a pooled analysis of the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the GNRI for survival in pancreatic cancer. Using pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, we investigated the association between the GNRI and clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic cancer. Results: Six studies were included in this meta-analysis, totaling 1,513 patients. A low GNRI was significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in the pooled results (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.29–2.94; p = 0.002) in pancreatic cancer. However, GNRI was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.90–2.73; p = 0.114). The pooled results indicated that a low GNRI was significantly associated with tumor location of pancreas head (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.45–3.29; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that low GNRI was significantly associated with poor OS but not with poor PFS in patients with pancreatic cancer. The GNRI is a novel and effective risk factor and a potential biomarker for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major etiological role in the increasing number of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed at exploring the relationship between HPV infection and prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPSCC). We retrospectively analyzed 108 consecutive patients diagnosed with HPSCC from 2015 to 2018. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and P16 immunohistochemistry were used to detect HPV infection in tissues of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The numbers of CD8, CD4 and Foxp3 cells in tumor parenchyma were obtained by immunohistochemical counting. Finally, the analysis was performed according to the clinicopathological variables and prognosis of the patients. Among 108 patients with HPSCC, 18 cases were detected by qPCR, and 16 subtypes accounted for the majority (77.8%). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that HPV16+, higher CD8+, higher CD4+ and higher FoxP3+ TIL infiltration was strongly associated with superior three-year disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate analysis showed that HPV and CD4+ TIL had higher predictive value for prognosis. HPV16 infection is significantly related to tumor immune infiltrating cells (TILs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, 49 key genes significantly associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stemness were obtained. Next, we developed a molecular prognostic signature associated with stemness features of pan-RCC. The difference in overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant (p <.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 1-year OS, 5-year OS, and 10-year OS was 0.759, 0.712, and 0.918, respectively. The results of validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort revealed the predictive capability of this signature. Furthermore, we selected three genes and further validation showed that these three hub genes were potential hub biomarkers for pan-RCC stemness features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinomas (SNACCs) are aggressive tumors that show massive expansion and are challenging to treat when locally advanced. To report our experiences with endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) – centered comprehensive treatment and discuss the associated outcomes of these patients. A retrospective review of primary locally advanced SNACCs patients was conducted in a single center. EES combined with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) was used as a comprehensive surgery-centered approach to treat these patients. The study included 44 patients with Stage III/IV tumors. The median follow-up duration was 43 months (4–161 months). Forty-two patients underwent PORT. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 61.2% and 46%, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients, and 19 patients had distant metastasis. No significant relationship was found between OS and postoperative local recurrence. The OS of patients with Stage IV or exhibiting distant postoperative metastases was shorter than that of other patients. Locally advanced SNACCs are not a contraindication for EES. EES-centered comprehensive treatment can ensure satisfactory survival rates and reasonable local control. Function-preserving surgery using EES and PORT may represent an alternative strategy when vital structures are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between DM and prostate cancer progression remains controversial. Previous studies mainly focused on early stage prostate cancer patients. We aimed to study the association between DM and prostate cancer progression in locally advanced prostate cancer patients. 598 locally advanced prostate cancer patients in a top tertiary hospital in China between 2012 and 2021 were divided into three groups based on the postoperative average HbA1c level. The follow-up time is 46.96 ± 27.07 months. Three hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) were normal glucose, 175 (29.3%) were moderate glucose, and 75 (12.5%) were high glucose. Higher postoperative-average HbA1c was associated with poorer OS, PCSM, and PSA-RFS. We concluded that poorly controlled DM was correlated with poorer OS, PCSM, and PSA-RFS in locally advanced prostate cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low phase angle (PhA) is related with poor clinical status of cancer patients. The objective of this study was to establish sex- and age-specific cutoff points and examine the association between PhA and overall survival (OS) in Chinese cancer patients. This cohort study included data on 1,814 patients with cancer from December 2013 to October 2020. The association between low PhA and overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Among 1,814 participants, there were 993 (54.70%) male and 821 (45.30%) female patients. The optimal cutoff points of low PhA were 4.8°, 4.2°, 4.4°, and 3.8° for the young male, elderly male, young female, and elderly female, respectively. Low PhA was independently associated with poorer OS in young female, elderly female and male (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.08-2.34; HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.67; HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.45-2.75). In addition, low PhA was demonstrated to be an adverse prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophagus cancer (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.39-2.47; HR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.13-3.70; HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.49-5.71). Based on cutoff points, low PhA was associated with worse prognosis in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is suggested as a prognostic and predictive factor for patients with rectal cancer. The purpose of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the outcome of patients, with rectal cancer receiving chemoradiation and surgery. A systematic review on two databases and a selection of studies were done. Thereafter, two meta-analyses were performed, evaluating the relationship of baseline NLR with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Thirty-one retrospective studies were selected. Twenty-six studies have documented a significant relationship of NLR to OS (HR 2.05, CI 1.66–2.53), whereas 23 studies have reported a weaker but significant relationship of NLR to DFS (HR 1.78, CI 1.49–2.12). Among the moderator variables, a possible effect for age and sex on the relationship of NLR with DFS is suggested. Baseline NLR >3 is a simple and reproducible prognostic factor, with a more consistent effect in the elderly. It could be a reliable variable to support clinicians in defining personalized treatment strategies, even though a standardization of the cutoff and a better characterization among microsatellite unstable rectal tumors are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant bowel obstruction is a common complication of advanced gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and genitourinary tumors. Patients present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and constipation. Cross-sectional imaging is essential to make a diagnosis of bowel obstruction. Initial management is conservative with fluid replacement, electrolyte replacement, bowel rest and sometimes nasogastric decompression. Numerous advanced options exist for definitive management, though none are overly promising but nevertheless may improve quality and quantity of life. Surgical bypass, endoscopic stenting, and endoscopic decompression are some of the options with variable efficacy and are employed in select patients. Chemotherapy may be utilized if the bowel obstruction resolves to reduce tumor burden in a limited number of patients. Parenteral nutrition is an option and should typically be used in surgical patients with good functional and nutritional status with limited tumor burden or curative intent. Palliative care and hospice should be discussed in patients with advanced malignancy who present with peritoneal carcinomatosis or multiple levels of obstruction. Overall prognosis of malignant bowel obstruction is poor, and median survival ranges from 26 to 192 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety and depression are prevalent in cancer patients and correlate with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, their clinical role in prostate cancer patients after tumor resection is limited. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the longitudinal progression of anxiety and depression, and their association with prognosis in these patients. Two hundred and sixty-two prostate cancer patients after tumor resection were enrolled. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety (HADS-A) and for depression (HADS-D), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were documented during 5-year follow-up. HADS-A score (from 7.73 at baseline to 8.48 at 5 years, P = 0.002) and anxiety severity (P = 0.001) but not anxiety rate (from 37.8% at baseline to 45.4% at 5 years, P = 0.067) were gradually elevated with time. HADS-D score (from 7.43 at baseline to 8.37 at 5 years, P < 0.001), depression rate (from 34.0% at baseline to 46.9% at 5 years, P < 0.001) and depression severity (P < 0.001) were also obviously increased with time. Moreover, baseline, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year anxiety correlated with worse DFS and OS (all P < 0.05, except for 2-year anxiety with OS: P = 0.126). In addition, baseline, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year depression associated with worse DFS (all P < 0.05); while only baseline, 1-year, 2-year depression related to worse OS (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, anxiety and depression continuously aggravate, and associate with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients after tumor resection, indicating the necessity of proper management of anxiety and depression in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of prognostic nutrition index (PNI) on the response and prognosis of patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients treated with immunotherapy.Methods: The outcomes of 83 patients with metastatic BTC were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, 51 received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment (ICIs cohort) and 32 patients received first-line chemotherapy (chemotherapy cohort). According to the optimal cutoff value of PNI, patients in ICIs cohort were divided into low PNI group (PNI < 44.30) and high PNI group (PNI≥ 44.30).Results: Patients received first-line immunotherapy-based combination antitumor therapy in ICIs cohort showed significant longer median PFS and OS contrast with first-line chemotherapy cohort. In ICIs cohort, median PFS and OS were significantly longer in the high PNI group. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high PNI was an independent risk factor for median PFS (hazard ratio (HR), 0.474, 95% CI, 0.246–0.910; P = 0.025) and median OS (HR, 0.229, 95% CI, 0.097–0.539; P = 0.001) in ICIs cohort, respectively. Conclusion: Our study provides preliminary evidence that immunotherapy for metastatic BTC is effective and safe. PNI was an independent prognostic indicator of median PFS and OS in patients with metastatic BTC receiving immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncologic patients often suffer from malnutrition, which might negatively affect treatment outcomes. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-based malnutrition is associated with short- and long-term outcomes in cancer patients. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the impact of GLIM-defined malnutrition on postoperative complications and survival in esophageal and gastric cancer patients. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies published until February 2022 that assessed the association between GLIM criteria and short- and long-term outcomes in esophageal and gastric cancer patients. We included seven observational studies reporting on a total of 3662 patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. GLIM-defined malnutrition was associated with increased overall complications (pooled HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.45–4.59, p = 0.001). Malnutrition was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (pooled HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18–1.84, p = 0.003) as well as with decreased disease-free survival (pooled HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.36–2.33, p < 0.0001). GLIM-based malnutrition was associated with an increased risk for developing postoperative complications and impaired survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients. Our findings support the use of GLIM criteria in clinical practice as a relatively simple and reliable tool for assessing the nutritional status of oncologic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognosis for cervical cancer varies greatly between nations. The disparity in cancer survival rates within nations is largely a result of disparities in public knowledge, the accessibility of cancer services, diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the survival rate and associated factors among cervical cancer patients in East Africa. Literature search was carried out using Google scholar, PubMed/Medline, Embase and CINHAL. Covidence, a web-based program, was used to import studies for review process. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 110 abstracts were identified from electronic sources. There were five duplicate articles removed. We looked at 105 papers' abstracts and titles, and we excluded 78 of them because they did not fit our inclusion criteria. We conducted a full-text analysis of the remaining 27 papers, leaving out 14 researches that did not fit our inclusion requirements. For final review, 13 studies were included. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment checklist, methodological quality was evaluated. The included articles were cohort studies. They were conducted in Ethiopia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Rwanda. One-year, two-year, three-year, four-year and five-year overall survival rates ranged from 67% to 92%, 55% to 84%, 44% to 53%, 32% to 47%, and 26% to 43%, respectively. The pooled one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year and five-year survival rates of cervical cancer patients in East Africa were 84%, 71%, 50%, 39% and 36%, respectively. HIV status, late presentation, treatment modalities, older age and presence of comorbidities were the most commonly mentioned prognostic factors for survival. CRD42023402551 Most women in developing countries present with advanced disease, often untreatable or suitable only for palliation. In East Africa, cervical cancer makes up 40% of all cases of cancer detected in women. This largely highlights the inadequacy of national cancer control initiatives in most African nations, including immunization, screening, and early detection. Cervical cancer survival rates vary throughout the world and are commonly associated with the country's development status. The pooled five-year survival rate for cervical cancer patients in East Africa was 36%, according to this systematic review and meta-analysis, which is much lower than the rates in developed countries like the United States, Japan, and Australia but comparable to studies conducted in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the association between miR-203 expression and the prognostic value in patients with esophageal cancer by the method of systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library to collect studies on the relationship between miR-203 expression and the prognostic value of esophageal cancer up to July 2023. Stata 15.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect sizes. A total of 6 studies were included in this review, including 476 patients with esophageal cancer. The results showed that miR-203 low expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with esophageal cancer compared with miR-203 high expression (HR = 2.80, 95%CI: 1.99 ∼ 3.93, p < 0.001). The results of Egger's (p = 0.154) and Begg's Tests (p = 0.221) indicated no obvious publication bias. Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the results obtained in this study. The expression of miR-203 is significantly correlated with the prognostic value in patients with esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer patients with high expression of miR-203 had better prognosis than those with low expression of miR-203. Due to the limited studies included in this meta-analysis, more trials are needed to confirm the conclusions of this study in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this article is to understand trends in the incidence of renal cancer and to construct a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with renal cancer by analyzing clinical parameters. We extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for patients with renal cancer from 2010 to 2015. The incidence rate was calculated to understand the trend of renal cancer in recent years, and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between patients' clinical variables and overall survival. Nomogram and calibration curves were constructed based on factors predicted by multivariate Cox regression. Data from 68,496 eligible renal cancer patients were included in the study. The incidence of renal cancer was higher in men than women and tended to stabilize over time. We further found that age, gender, marital status, AJCC stage, histological type, metastatic disease, and surgery were independent parameters for prognosis in renal cancer patients. Finally, a nomogram was constructed based on the above parameters, and its validity was verified with the agreement index and calibration curve. Renal cancer incidence trend gradually stabilized. Seven independent parameters for renal cancer patients were obtained by analysis and utilized to construct a nomogram that could provide guidance for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between inflammation and cancer survival has been the subject of substantial research. The goal of this review is to summarize the evidence on the prognostic value of systemic inflammation score (SIS) in esophageal cancer patients undergoing surgical intervention. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until 30th June 2022. We pooled adjusted data on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The review was pre-registered on PROSPER (No. CRD42022340717). Eight studies were included. All studies were conducted either in China or Japan. Six studies showed that patients with SIS of 1-2 had poor OS as compared to those with scores of 0 (HR:1.42 95% CI: 1.24, 1.62 I2=25%). SIS of 1 (HR:1.45 95% CI: 1.18, 1.78 I2=0%) and 2 (HR:1.94 95% CI: 1.49, 2.53 I2=0%) were also associated with poor OS. Two studies compared the SIS score of 2 vs 0-1. Meta-analysis indicated that poor OS was associated with SIS of 2 (HR:1.80 95% CI: 1.25, 2.58). Data from three studies showed that the SIS score did not predict DFS (HR:1.40 95% CI: 0.82, 2.39 I2=91%). SIS can be a novel prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer patients undergoing surgical intervention. Higher SIS is associated with a poor OS, but it does not predict DFS. Future studies are needed to strengthen the current evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the correlation between PFS2 and OS among patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) in a real-world setting for Japan. This was a retrospective analysis using the Japanese MDV database. Patients with nmCRPC (non-metastatic Castration-Resistant PC), mCRPC (metastatic Castration-Resistant PC), and mCNPC (metastatic Castration-Naïve PC) were identified and their medical records were investigated for PFS2 and death. Association between PFS2 and OS was determined using the Pearson's, Spearman's, Kendall's Tau, and Fleischers' correlation coefficients. A total of 386,484 patients with PC were identified from the database, of which, 1,783 patients with nmCRPC, 630 with mCRPC, and 454 with mCNPC met the predefined eligibility criteria. Significant correlation between PFS2 and OS was observed in patients with nmCRPC (Pearson's r = 0.873; 95% CI: 0.849−0.897, Spearman's r = 0.909; 95% CI: 0.893−0.925; Kendall's Tau r = 0.831; 95% CI: 0.812−0.850, Fleischers' r = 0.682; 95% CI: 0.601−0.764), mCRPC (Pearson's r = 0.812; 95% CI: 0.758−0.865, Spearman's r = 0.895; 95% CI: 0.868−0.923, Kendall's Tau r = 0.789; 95% CI: 0.755−0.823, Fleischers' r= 0.439; 95% CI: 0.334−0.544), and mCNPC (Pearson's r = 0.931; 95% CI: 0.899−0.964, Spearman's r = 0.943; 95% CI: 0.922−0.964, Kendall's Tau r = 0.866; 95% CI: 0.836−0.896, Fleischers' r = 0.756; 95% CI: 0.624−0.888). The results of this study indicate a significant correlation between PFS2 and OS, which adds additional evidence to the existing literature of using PFS2 as a surrogate endpoint for OS in patients with PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer patients are highly vulnerable to weight loss and malnutrition, before chemotherapy, thus reducing overall survival (OS). The objective was assessing weight loss and OS prognostication in gastric cancer patients at baseline of chemotherapy treatment. Observational retrospective study with patients who were treating in cancer public clinic in Brazil, was evaluated weight loss and cachexia. It was evaluated by sex, BMI, grade system classification (GSC) and stage the OS by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Ninety-two patients, 73.9% were male. At baseline chemotherapy patients have presented 15.3% of body weight loss, 28.3% were malnourished, 86.8% classified witch cachexia, 80.3% were grade 3–4 in GSC and 86.9% at cancer stage 3–4. OS was lower for male (15.9 mo.), malnourished (12.0 mo.), GCS–4 (16.3 mo.) and Stage 4 (13.3 mo.) patients. GSC grade four and BMI classification to underweight comparing obesity are associated with reduced OS, together to male sex and cancer stage 4, have gotten together shown that seems to confer a survival disadvantage to other patients in these parameters too. Cox regression analysis have not shown statistical significance for sex, Initial BMI Class, GSC, cancer stage. Gastric cancer patients at chemotherapy treatment outset present high weight loss, cachexia prevalence and OS reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess the prognostic and predictive significance of pretreatment Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) measurements on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line therapy. Patients with advanced NSCLC treated between February 2014 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cutoff points for GNRI and PNI were measured with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis according to overall survival (OS). The predictive factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses via the Cox hazards regression. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. Significant differences between the low and high-GNRI or PNI groups were found regarding ECOG-PS. The low-GNRI and low-PNI groups had significantly shorter PFS and OS than the high-GNRI and high-PNI groups. A multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model revealed that the high-GNRI group was an independent prognostic factor of OS and PFS, and the PNI group was an independent prognostic factor of OS. Pretreatment GNRI and PNI may therefore be a potential effective predictor of the survival of advanced NSCLC patients undergoing first-line treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretreatment inflammation-based biomarkers and the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) have been used to evaluate prognosis in cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of post-treatment inflammation-based biomarkers and PNI in ESCC patients. We aimed to investigate the values of pre/post-treatment inflammatory parameters and PNI for establishing a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. A retrospective review was performed on 268 ESCC patients with esophagectomy. The prognostic values of inflammatory and nutrition indexes were evaluated. Based on the results of multivariable Cox analysis, a nomogram was developed. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using the concordance-index (C-index) and a calibration curve and subsequently compared to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). PreSII, PostSII, PrePNI, N stage, and TNM classification were assembled into a nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.774, and the area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.862. DCA demonstrated that the established nomogram was a better predictive model compared to the TNM system. The developed nomogram with superior predictive ability provides more valuable prognostic information for patients and clinicians than TNM classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antihypertensive medications may have some impacts on cancer. The influence of antihypertensive medications, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and diuretics, on patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether antihypertensive medications had a negative effect on the prognosis of patients with PC. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 30 November 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of each study. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021279169) and was carried out by using RevMan 5.3. Twelve studies with 120,549 patients were included in this study. ACEIs/ARBs [HR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.70–1.14)], CCB (HR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.47–0.99)], beta-blockers [HR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.84–1.07)] and diuretics [HR = 1.08, 95% CI (0.91–1.29)] use had no effects on overall survival among patients with PC (all P ≥ 0.05). Antihypertensive medication will not have a negative effect on overall survival in patients with PC. PC patients with hypertension should continue to use antihypertensive medications to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate role and clinical significance of CDK13 in breast cancer patients. A total of 189 cases of breast cancer were enrolled during March 2013 to March 2015. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for measurement of CDK13, HIF-1α and beclin1. Clinical characteristics of age, BMI, TNM stage, pathological types, and tumor diameter, were recorded. Patients' 5-year overall survival and recurrence were followed up. All patients were followed up for 5 years or to the last follow-up. The expression levels of CDK13 and HIF-1αin breast cancer tissues were up-regulated and beclin1 was down-regulated than in the paracancerous non-tumor tissues. CDK13 was positively correlated with HIF-1α and negatively correlated with beclin1 in breast cancer tissues. The patients with higher expression of CDK13 showed significantly higher rates of TNM III–IV, higher rates of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and larger tumor size. The mortality and recurrence rates were higher in high expression CDK13 patients than in low CDK13 expression patients, however with no significant difference. K–M curve showed patients with higher CDK13 showed lower 5-year overall survival and lower disease-free survival time, however with no significant difference. CDK13 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, and patients with higher CDK13 had poorer clinical outcomes. Further studies are still needed to reveal the clinical significance of CDK13 in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to assess the survival, incidence, and characteristics of secondary primary lung cancer (SPLC) after esophageal cancer (EC-LC). The patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who developed SPLC and patients with first primary lung cancer (LC-1) were retrospectively reviewed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries covering 2000–2016. Overall survival and characteristics were compared between patients with EC-LC and patients with LC-1. The independent relation between a history of EC and death was evaluated by calculating hazard ratios in multivariate Cox regression analysis propensity score-matching analysis, and multiple imputation for cases with missing information. In comparison with the general population, the patients with EC had a higher risk for developing secondary primary lung cancer (SIR =1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–2.05). A history of EC was found to be an independent risk factor of death for lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients in localized stage based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, propensity score-matching analysis and multiple imputation. There is a significantly increased risk of secondary primary lung cancer in EC survivors and a history of EC adversely affects overall survival in individuals who subsequently develop localized LUSC and LUAD. Clinicians should moderately strengthen lung tissue protection during the management of EC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BC) has an unpredictable prognosis. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death. However, whether the pyroptosis-related genes have a prognostic value remains unknown. In this study, we downloaded the mRNA expression and clinical data of BC patients and used the LASSO Cox analysis was employed to build a signature. High-risk patients had a significantly lower overall survival (OS) (p <.0001). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) indicated that the tumor immune microenvironment was different between the two risk groups. In conclusion, a pyroptosis-related signature can be used for OS prediction of patients with BCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are known as E3 ubiquitin ligases and considerable previous research has revealed the involvement of TRIM proteins in carcinogenesis. TRIM15 is a protein from the TRIM family and the aim of this study is to investigate the role of TRIM15 in gastric cancer. We conducted immunohistochemical staining to examine TRIM15 expression using samples from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. We also conducted transwell assay as well as western blot by using gastric cancer cells. The expression of TRIM15 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than normal tissues. Present data demonstrated that high TRIM15 staining intensity had a positive relation to tumor invasion depth (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), distant metastasis (P = 0.031), the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system (P = 0.002) and shorter overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer patients (P < 0.001). It was also worthwhile mentioning that TRIM15 was an adverse prognostic variable for OS. To gain more insight, we incorporated TRIM15 expression into the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system and thus established a nomogram. Data derived from the nomogram suggested that fitting TRIM15 expression into the prognostic model exhibited better efficiency for predicting OS in gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, TRIM15 promoted migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Together, TRIM15 expression was found as a specific and independent adverse predictor in gastric cancer patients and the nomogram may contribute to better clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was implemented as a protocolled treatment alternative to the traditional radiotherapy (RT) in Denmark for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In 2017, we published our first prospective feasibility study, showing that TORS with concurrent neck dissection successfully achieved negative margins in 29 out of 30 patients (97%) with early-stage OPSCC. This follow-up study aims to evaluate the five-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Retrospective follow-up study including 30 patients treated with TORS for early-stage OPSCC (T1–T2, N0–N1, M0, UICC 7th edition) from September 2014 to January 2016 at a single head and neck cancer centre in Denmark. The five-year OS, DSS and RFS, including a detailed analysis of the recurrences, were addressed. The five-year OS, DSS and RFS was 90%, 93% and 87%, respectively. Median follow-up was 54.5 months. Four patients developed a recurrence, with one regional, one distant metastatic (M) and two locoregional recurrences. The median time to recurrence was 24 months (range 3–42 months). This follow-up study demonstrates good five-year OS, DSS and RFS in a prospective cohort of patients undergoing TORS and neck dissection for early-stage OPSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]