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Introduction: Withdrawing consent for sex may be difficult for young women due to gendered sexual scripts and male persistence. Method: 40 students from Canadian universities (31 women; Mean age = 20.20 years; 75% heterosexual) were asked open-ended questions about sexual experiences and consent; data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Women perceived that: (1) women were responsible for communicating consent, (2) they were unaware it was acceptable to withdraw consent or did not know how to, (3) male partners often persisted in response to withdrawal of consent, and (4) these experiences factored into compliance. Conclusion: Sexual consent education, at least in North America, should increase emphasis on withdrawing consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature has applied system-focused structures to understand the success of First Nations Peoples' nutrition and exercise group programmes. Existing system-focused measures have included biomedical outcomes, access and service utilization. By broadening the focus of programme success beyond the system, we can evaluate programmes from a First Nations Peoples' lifeworld perspective. Critical hermeneutics and yarning using a lens of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action to the literature has the potential to transform understandings of "success" in First Nations Peoples' nutrition and exercise group programmes. In this literature interpretation, we explored the critical success factors from a lifeworld perspective, giving scope to go beyond a system perspective to include a cultural, social or personal perspective. Our yarning led us to understand that there is a communicative relationship between explicit system structures and implicit lifeworld concepts that are critical success factors for First Nations nutrition and exercise group programmes. We have developed a set of reflective questions to guide others in considering a lifeworld perspective. Our findings represent a shift away from success measured by the dominant power structure to respect the lifeworld culture, knowledges and values of First Nations Peoples towards shared understanding and mutual decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated whether the context of first-time intercourse (FTI) was associated with internal consent feelings and external consent communication at FTI. College students (n = 1020) from universities in Canada and the United States retrospectively reported on their FTI. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the context of participants' FTI (e.g. age, contraceptive use) predicted their internal consent, which in turn predicted their external consent communication. Sexual health education should highlight these contextual correlates of sexual consent at FTI. Despite the cultural primacy of FTI, consent should also be prioritized for other early sexual experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pharmaceutical communication is an essential component of pharmaceutical health care, optimally ensuring patients understand the proper administration and side effects of their medications. Communication can often be complicated by language and culture, but with pharmaceuticals, misunderstandings can prove particularly harmful. In Nunavut, to ensure the preservation and revitalization of Inuit languages, the Inuit Language Protection Act and Official Languages Act were passed requiring that all public and private sector essential services offer verbal and written communication in Inuit languages (Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun) by 2012. Methods. While the legislation mandates compliance, policy implementation for pharmaceutical services is problematic. Not a single pharmacist in Nunavut is fluent in either of the Inuit languages. Pharmacists have indicated challenges in formally translating written documentation into Inuit languages based on concerns for patient safety. These challenges of negotiating the joint requirements of language legislation and patient safety have resulted in pharmacies using verbal on-site translation as a tenuous solution regardless of its many limitations. Results. The complex issues of pharmaceutical health care and communication among the Inuit of Nunavut are best examined through multimethod research to encompass a wide range of perspectives. This methodology combines the richness of ethnographic data, the targeted depth of interviews with key informants and the breadth of cross-Canada policy and financial analyses. Conclusions. The analysis of this information would provide valuable insights into the current relationships between health care providers, pharmacists and Inuit patients and suggest future directions for policy that will improve the efficacy of pharmaceuticals and health care spending for the Inuit in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, health scientists are becoming aware that research collaborations that include community partnerships can be an effective way to broaden the scope and enhance the impact of research aimed at improving public health. Such collaborations extend the reach of academic scientists by integrating a variety of perspectives and thus strengthening the applicability of the research. Communication challenges can arise, however, when attempting to address specific research questions in these collaborations. In particular, inconsistencies can exist between scientists and community members in the use and interpretation of words and other language features, particularly when conducting research with a biomedical component. Additional challenges arise from differing perceptions of the investigative process. There may be divergent perceptions about how research questions should and can be answered, and in expectations about requirements of research institutions and research timelines. From these differences, misunderstandings can occur about how the results will ultimately impact the community. These communication issues are particularly challenging when scientists and community members are from different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds that may widen the gap between ways of talking and thinking about science, further complicating the interactions and exchanges that are essential for effective joint research efforts. Community-driven research that aims to describe the burden of disease associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is currently underway in northern Aboriginal communities located in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada, with the goal of identifying effective public health strategies for reducing health risks from this infection. This research links community representatives, faculty from various disciplines at the University of Alberta, as well as territorial health care practitioners and officials. This highly collaborative work will be used to illustrate, from a researcher's perspective, some of the challenges of conducting public health research in teams comprising members with varying backgrounds. The consequences of these challenges will be outlined, and potential solutions will be offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs optimization to improve the performance of the system the Canadian Army uses to give a Commander a picture of where his forces are. This system uses the Army's wireless battlefield communication network to send vehicle positions as data messages. The difficulty is that, when vehicles compete to send these reports, the messages sometimes collide and this wastes valuable network capacity. At the heart of the problem is the channel access control mechanism. We show how a simple change to this mechanism can improve the system's performance significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drama is dialogic, offering multiple avenues for communication through the medium of questions that become sites for further action and inquiry. In this paper we explore the ethical considerations in the transmission of cultural `truths' within the context of Canadian drama education. How can we enable that transmission so that it supports rather than challenges a `boundary-less' world society when the majority of Canadian drama practitioners are not representative of our cultural diversity? The paper provides a theoretical framework for addressing these questions within the context of drama education generally and the training of pre- service drama teachers in Canada more specifically. The theoretical discussion is supported by a series of anecdotes drawn from the extensive drama practice of the authors. From each of these anecdotes a series of questions or challenges are raised to interrupt `thinking as usual' in order to enter the space that Norman Denzin describes as `that ethical moment when individuals are led into the troubling spaces once occupied by others'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates some of the undercurrents in the neoliberal revolution by looking at both state and business strategies in the opening stages of new non-financial markets. The new introduction of truly novel products and services, whether in answer to old needs by new methods or in answer to new demands inevitably creates a rupture in the economic environment of firms. The specific case for the study is the evolving and growing technology-intensive market in new telecommunications in radiotelephones in Canada, Great Britain, and France.

Many countries have reformed, or are in the process of reforming, their telecommunications sector. There are substantial differences in the implementation of these reforms. This analysis focuses on the relationship between policy-making and regulation, on one hand, and the ability of states to fulfill the stated objectives of their reform programs during the period of their implementation, on the other. The issue of whether the reforms are positive has been left aside, in favor of a discussion of their actual content. Germany and Canada have been chosen as examples of countries with a relatively strong governmental interest in pursuing telecommunications reform, but also as countries with limited abilities to carry out their reforms.

Recent technological advances have provided many youth with daily, almost continuous cell-phone and Internet connectivity through portable devices. Young people’s experiences with computer-mediated communication (CMC) and their views about how this form of communication affects their health have not been fully explored in the scientific literature. A purposeful maximum variation sample of young people (aged 11–15 years) across Ontario was identified, using key informants for recruitment. The young people participated in seven focus groups (involving a total of 40 adolescents), and discussed various aspects of health including the health impacts of CMC. Inductive content analysis of the focus group transcripts revealed two overarching concepts: first, that the relationship between health and the potential impacts of CMC is multidimensional; and secondly, that there exists a duality of both positive and negative potential influences of CMC on health. Within this framework, four themes were identified involving CMC and: (1) physical activity, (2) negative mental and emotional disturbance, (3) mindfulness, and (4) relationships. With this knowledge, targeted strategies for healthy technology use that draw on the perspectives of young people can be developed, and can then be implemented by parents, teachers, and youth themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]