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This paper investigates retracted articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Brazil, using bibliometric techniques to identify the characteristics of these retractions and relevant citation trends. All records of retracted articles from the first record in October 2004 to April 2022 were included. Sixty-seven retractions and 870 citations pre- and post-retraction were analyzed. Results indicate a change of scenario that began in 2015, with recurrences of retracted articles allegedly produced by paper mills. The prevalence of retractions derived from professional misconduct in health research and the frequency of post-retraction citations in health sciences raise concerns in the chain of stakeholders, public health, and scientific development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of handmade paper is a sustainable process that has a relevant social and economic function, especially in developing countries. In the search for alternative, renewable and low-cost sources for cellulose and handmade paper production, we evaluated the morphological characteristics and chemical composition of fibers of leaves and culms from Arundo donax, a fast-growing invasive grass that was introduced in several countries, including Brazil. The fibers of A. donax are long (leaf = 1.73 mm; culm = 1.26 mm), with thick cell walls (leaf = 4.97 μm; culm = 5.36 μm), which provide folding endurance and result in a rougher and more voluminous paper. Additionally, the high values of cell wall fraction (leaf = 78%; culm = 82%) indicate great fiber stiffness. The relatively high values of cellulose (leaf = 38.9%; culm = 39.4%) and low values of lignin (leaf = 12.1%; culm = 13.0%) in the fibers make its use in paper production advantageous, as it reduces costs with chemical products in pulping. Fibers from A. donax are a viable alternative material to produce cellulose and handmade paper or can be mixed with other raw materials to produce different types of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much like the children in the Clarks' study, nine-year-old Sarah finds white dolls to be prettier and more intelligent. Commentary on Archangelo and O'Loughlin's Paper "Exploring Racial Formation in Children: Thoughts from an Encounter with Black Children in Brazil" "Miss, I'm much more like the white doll, I'm exactly like her" (p. 10) says Sarah in response, I imagine, to the skepticism or disappointment she saw reflected in the research assistant's gaze when she chose the white doll. Sadly, the Black Brazilian children Archangelo and O'Loughlin present in their paper demonstrate the same troubling preference for white dolls. [Extracted from the article]

The field of Philosophy of Sport has been developing in Anglo-Saxon scholarship since the 1960s and since then has achieved considerable consolidation. However, this is a progressing field in Latin American countries like Brazil. This paper aims to analyse the trajectory of the Philosophy of Sport in Brazil, presenting an overview of its development since the 1980s and some prospects that have been generated since the turn of the century. In conclusion, the article points out that the field of Philosophy of Sport in Brazil is in the process of disciplinary consolidation, presenting a plurality of agents, institutions and theoretical approaches in its structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the production of knowledge in the field of eco-innovation, checking its state of the art in order to discuss topics of future research. Specifically, it assesses the pulp, paper, and paper products industry in Brazil in order to examine the drivers of the adoption of eco-innovation strategies. The study is essentially a review of the literature, with a methodology based on exploratory research, and using the documental and bibliographical qualitative method. The empirical research was based on a quantitative approach using the strategy of a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered online questionnaire. It was verified that the studies related to eco-innovation are still preliminary and that the subject lacks specific research with empirical data from survey and in-depth case studies. The following topics were checked for studies on innovation in environmental issues on conceptual and theoretical discussion; models and indicators for evaluating the eco-innovation; types; and political arguments for their development, with the proposition of research lines within this context. The results of the empirical research allow us to conclude that factors such as environmental regulation, the use of environmental incentives and innovation, reputation effects, top management support, technological expertise, and environmental formalization in the context of domestic enterprises are crucial to the adoption of eco-innovation. Further, the higher the extent to which companies embrace an environmental and innovative culture, the greater the internalization of eco-innovative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine and metabolic disruptor commonly employed as a color developer in thermal papers. Consequently, BPA derived from thermal papers has been considered an important source of exposure for humans, since this chemical may migrate from paper to skin upon contact. Further, due to recent restrictions on BPA use in some countries, it has been replaced by a new analogue, bisphenol S (BPS). The aim of the present study was to determine levels of BPA and BPS in 190 different thermal receipts, randomly collected from different locations in São Paulo State, Brazil, including receipts from supermarkets, general and fast-food restaurants, gas stations, bus and airplane tickets, and credit card and bank accounts. BPA and/or BPS were detected in 98% of samples at concentrations ranging from below the quantification limit to 4.3% (mg/100 mg paper). The obtained values were higher than amounts previously reported in other countries. The estimated daily intake through dermal absorption from handling of thermal receipt papers was estimated on the basis of concentrations and frequencies of handling of papers by humans in both the general population and occupationally exposed individuals. Fifth percentile, median, and 95th percentile daily intakes by the general population were 0.44, 1.42, and 2 μg/d, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for occupationally exposed population are 21.8, 71 and 101 μg/d. The potential adverse consequences of elevated occupational exposure are currently being examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the literature on the politics of industrial policy describes a policy realm that is dominated by business–state relations. This paper goes beyond this and proposes that, in democratic settings, political competition and civil society actors also play a vital role in industrial policy. Through a lens focused on Brazil during the 2000s, the study delves into the dynamics between the election of a centre-left party and the subsequent industrial policy, highlighting the interplay of democratic mandates, entrenched economic interests, and supportive developmental alliances. Notably, the continuation of a centre-left coalition and consistent institutional frameworks witnessed considerable shifts in industrial policy outcomes, which allows for an in-depth evaluation of interest group influence on policy formation and implementation. By triangulating data from 23 interviews with actors in the industrial policy process, data from the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES), and an analysis of industrial policy plans, this paper posits that the prevalence of economic issues in the electoral debate and the participation of societal actors in the policymaking process are enablers of innovation-focused industrial policies; this allows governments to countervail the power of incumbent sectors and undertake policies that are not favoured by the prevailing business interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on archival research conducted at the Royal Society, London by _______an artist and accidental historian of Science, this paper will explore the borders and boundaries in the fluid domains of fieldwork photography and expeditionary science research stations. Through the story of Angela Bishop, the wife of an expedition leader to Central Brazil in the 1960s, this paper examines the borders between wild and domestic, public and private, institutional and autobiographical in the Royal Society Iain Bishop expedition photographic collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) is a well know element due its toxicity to both environment and humans. Also, mercury has a high persistence in the environment, and therefore, it is essential to monitor its presence on environmental matrices, such as water, soils and sediments. Sediment cores can provide a useful tool when monitoring water bodies for the presence of mercury since, when coupled with geochronological techniques, it is possible to analyze the temporal variation of Hg during a certain period. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review about papers that analyzed the presence of Hg in dated sediment cores in Brazil. The review was performed in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. We searched for papers published between 2011 and 2020. In total, we found 217 articles, that after the application of successive filtration criteria, were reduced to 13 articles. The majority of the papers showed a tendency of increase in the concentration of Hg. We also performed a risk assessment that indicates that some places have Hg concentrations above quality criteria established for sediments. Regarding the sources, all the papers that presented a tendency of increase in Hg concentrations considered this as consequence of anthropogenic activities, such as chlor-alkali industries and deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a written dialogue among four activists from the Emancipa Popular Education Movement in Brazil, following the principles of Freirean pedagogy as a 'circle of culture'. It delves into how popular knowledge can be experienced as popular power, narrating the history, struggles, and strategies employed by the Emancipa movement in their pursuit of democratizing Brazilian universities. The discussion is set within the context of Latin American structural inequalities and the issue of educational exclusion in Brazil. It emphasizes the vital role of contesting culture and knowledge as part of the movement's fight against social injustices perpetuated by peripheral capitalism, including racist violence and gender oppression. The paper adopts emancipatory pedagogy as the method to empower and mobilize grassroots efforts in this transformative endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to discern the causes of the health and developmental problems of children, and thence develop preventative strategies, longitudinal cohort studies offer major advantages. They can monitor the consequences of exposure to physical and psychological events and thence identify antecedents of various disorders. We describe the historical background to the development in the UK of this study design, and the uptake of longitudinal birth cohorts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using the cohorts in Jamaica, South Africa and Brazil as exemplars. We describe the benefits of such studies and show how undertaking longitudinal cohort studies can have major health and financial benefits to the populations concerned. Additionally, the paper outlines the advantages of collaboration between studies and the pooling of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on private grassroots music venues (GMVs) increased the difficulties in their business model, showing the vulnerability of their economic sustainability. This paper proposes ways to measure the economic value of GMVs in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, seeking to highlight the important role of such venues and of public and private support for their maintenance. To this end, an online survey was applied to 180 GMVs goers and 188 non-goers, based on the contingent valuation method. The data shows GMVs play an important role within the musical ecosystem and generate positive externalities for the city. Both goers and non-goers tend to understand this importance and identify GMVs as businesses that generate cultural and economic value for the city, showing a non-use value of the good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How and why does legacy news media move from protecting to undermining democracy? Several studies argue that journalism can facilitate and shape democratic backsliding. However, evidence is scarce and, to some extent, limited to the content analysis of news outputs and editorials. The causal mechanisms of an anti-democratic role for the press and how it is operationalised into specific processes of news production remain largely misunderstood. Using 36 semi-structured qualitative interviews and three case studies, this paper analyses journalistic practices and role perceptions in Brazil within a period of constant decline in the quality of democracy (2016-2021). The results show that labour precarity is a crucial driver in journalistic practices capable of damaging democracy, which challenges previous assumptions that media capture is mostly influenced by the political economy of news organisations. This research also indicates that journalists are not homogeneously dominated by the interests of elites and can engage with them on their own terms to advance personal agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a dual-feedback process that links watershed plan actions with raw water charges. A dedicated decision support model is created to implement this process and allow long-term financial sustainability analysis. The model offers real-time analysis of various watershed actions using customizable prioritization criteria integrated with different water pricing configurations, including user-polluter pays and beneficiary-pays principles, as well as other funding sources. Application to the Piracicaba–Capiravi–Jundiaí Basins in Brazil shows how important water management and water quality improving actions can be funded through water charges and how finance gaps can be resolved through a shared Vision Modelling approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had social and clinical effects over the healthcare system. Globally, over 314.019.135 confirmed cases and 5.507.370 deaths have been recorded at 12 January 2022, based on the Dashboard updated by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. The continuous rise in the number of asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and symptomatic patients has developed efficient and accessible models for prediction using Open Source Libraries and Cloud Services. This paper proposes different machine-learning algorithms to analyse the COVID-19 OpenData Resources from Mexico and Brazil, which represent the two major populations, economics and affected by disease countries in Latin America. This model uses only the COVID-19 patient's geographical, social conditions, economics conditions, clinical risk factors, symptom reports, and demographic data to predict recovery and death. The model of Mexico has an accuracy of 93% and the perceived mean of recall and the precision (F1 Score) of 0.79 on the dataset used. On the other hand, the model of Brazil has an accuracy of 69% and F1 score of 0.75 on the dataset studied. The result considers data from patients under the age of 0 and 120 years. The contribution of the work is the application of Big Data technologies and Machine Learning algorithms using Open Resource Libraries and Amazon Web Services (AWS) with the vision to improve the clinical diagnosis, even infectious disease with mathematical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military domestic deployment in operations involving the use of force attracted particular attention in the last decades for challenging the traditional conception of the armed forces as instruments of foreign policy. It led to concerns about the adequacy of military training and equipment to act domestically against nonmilitary actors, which can be divided into three arguments: training adequacy, threat adequacy, and pragmatism. The present paper argues that these perspectives are embedded in contrasting normative conceptions about how the state's violence is to be organized. In this sense, the technical narrative works as a mechanism of legitimation, through which claimants convey a sense of obviousness about the armed forces' deployment, framing it as the only course of action available. This argument is developed through the analysis of the public debate on three military operations in Brazil: Operation Rio (1994–1995), Operation Arcanjo (2010–2012), and Operation Rio de Janeiro (2017–2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an instrument supporting the realization of EU climate neutrality targets by 2050 and encouraging decarbonization outside its borders, the current proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is facing opposition from some countries. Focusing on Brazil, this paper evaluates the impacts of the CBAM on the Brazilian economy through a comprehensive analysis of various scenarios based on the potential EU implementation of the CBAM and Brazil's climate scenarios. Results obtained in this research alleviate concerns of detrimental and competitiveness losses from Brazilian industries. Rather, the implementation of the EU CBAM improves the trade balance of Brazil's Energy-Intensive Industries (EII). The relatively low CO2 contents of Brazilian EII are elemental to this result, while contributions of carbon-free technologies in electricity generation are also critical factors in maximizing this trade surplus. Other consequential factors affecting these results are the contributions of CO2 removal from Brazil's forestry of land used, and homogeneity of CBAM-imposed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offshore Campos Basin, located in Southeastern Brazil represents an important area in the Brazilian economy as it is one of the most prolific oil-producing basins in the country. With the development of offshore infrastructures in this region, structural design and location must consider different geohazards. This paper addresses the seismic response of gentle submarine slopes subjected to small-to-moderate-sized earthquakes, representative of the Brazilian seismic conditions. The seismic analyses employed numerical modeling, with a nonlinear constitutive model. A set of bedrock ground motions representative of the offshore Campos Basin seismicity was obtained, employing a Uniform Hazard Response spectrum for the region and earthquakes from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) database. Numerical modelling results showed that, even for small slope angles and moderate earthquakes, there is an accumulation of permanent displacements and shear strains in the downslope direction can affect the stability and performance of existing offshore infrastructures. The findings of this research provide a valuable reference for the prediction of seismic displacements, shear strains and seabed amplification or attenuation of earthquakes on gentle slopes in deep-water deposits similar to those found in the offshore Campos Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of rock dust in agriculture has increased worldwide and particularly in Brazil since its regulation by Law 12.890 (2013). However, some inconsistent results in standard chemical analysis of soils amended with rock dust have drawn attention, and among them, cation exchange capacity (CEC). This paper evaluates the increase in sum of bases (SB) and CEC of two soils amended with commercial rock dust (magnesium silicate), measured by four methods: ion exchange resin, potassium chloride (KCl), compulsive exchange and cesium adsorption. The maximum possible increase of SB in the soil was estimated based on the total chemical analysis of the rock dust and compared to the measured CEC results. We concluded the resin method inflated the results, due to the dissolution of rock dust particles by the acid extraction used to recover the adsorbed cations in resin beads. These extra cations caused overestimation of the sum of bases and consequently, of the estimated CEC. Among the methods used, direct CEC methods were more appropriate, as well as the KCl, since it does not employ acid extractions at any step. In addition, calculations based on the total chemical analysis of the rock dust can help to identify some of the cases in which the routine analysis is inflated by the dissolution of rock dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a debate anchored in a dialogue between concepts of insurgent planning and humane urbanism and the idea of a subaltern urbanism through the lens of a critical reflection on the role of city-building professionals. The paper explores the idea of an insurgent urbanism as a collaborative praxis of city design and development that arises from the protagonism of marginalised communities and the accumulative knowledge of social movements, activists and scholars. It focuses on three different learning dimensions based on the experience of teaching/research actions developed at a self-organised squat in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 2018 and 2022. Dialoguing with ideas of social learning, it shows that these practices have created a relevant exchange of different types of knowledge and have contributed to the development of other solutions that challenge the hegemonic and neoliberal city production and can therefore be seen as alternatives for the development of more egalitarian and imaginative futures that expand beyond the context of squats in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 2015–2016, high school students in Brazil occupied hundreds of schools across the country. Students fought to keep public schools open, funded, and functional, against outsourcing and privatisation, and in solidarity with teachers' trade unions and strikes. The 'primavera secundarista' ('student spring') was the most significant school student movement since the struggles against the military dictatorship (1964–1988). This paper firstly addresses the political dynamics of the primavera secundarista. Secondly, it discusses the movement's educational practices, which flourished in the months that students occupied their schools. Thirdly, it discusses the forms of community and solidarity that students built with other social actors and how they each learnt from this. In doing so, the paper builds on the work of Aziz Choudry and other scholars of social movement learning to argue that such student movements are prime sites of counter-hegemonic knowledge production and dissemination. Shown through the Brazilian high school occupations, the paper highlights how student movements are unusual in being situated in formal epistemic institutions, and yet are not widely recognised, especially in high schools, as blending formal and informal learning to produce and share knowledge-from-below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper centers on Isabella, a Candomblé follower who struggled with severe rheumatoid arthritis from an early age, arguing that care and self-care practices in Candomblé are intertwined to such extent that they challenge the dichotomy of caring and being cared for. In contrast to a linear model of care that positions care-giver and care-receiver at opposite ends of care relationships, the concept of 'circular care' describes forms of care that are directed at others and simultaneously at oneself. Exploring the religious kinship in a Candomblé house - with Candomblé deities (orixás) and between humans - this paper shows how circular care blurs the distinction between self and other. The emic concept of 'the double mirror' illustrates the 'constitutive alterity' of humans and orixás who relate to each other through kinship building and collective care practices. Since circular care frames one's care for the orixás and the religious family as healing self-care, failing to provide the correct care may in turn be experienced as detrimental self-neglect. The concept of circular care thus enables a deeper understanding of complex dynamics of care and self-care in the contexts of chronic illness, religion, kinship, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several efforts have been recently devoted to the studies on epidemic mathematical models based on fractional-order operators, by virtue of their capability to take into account memory effects and nonlocal features. The aim of this paper is to make a contribution to the topic by introducing a novel Covid-19 model described by non-integer-order difference equations. By conducting a stability analysis, the paper shows that the conceived system has two fixed points at most, i.e. a disease-free fixed point and an endemic fixed point. In particular, a theorem is proved, which assures the global stability of the disease-free fixed point, indicating that the pandemic will disappear when a simple condition on the system parameters is satisfied. Finally, simulation results are carried out with the aim to highlight the capability of the conceived approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of social wasp biology is often focused on understanding the factors involved in the evolution of social behavior. However, despite the importance of parasitism for the fitness of social insect colonies, little is known about the presence of parasitic protozoan infections in Neotropical social wasp populations. Herein, we report the first recorded occurrence of eugregarines in the midgut of the paper wasp Polistes versicolor. Our study shows 46% of the adults (n = 50) in the studied population were infected with gregarine trophozoites. No protozoans were identified in any of the sampled larvae (n = 14). This new record may indicate the existence of a new taxon within Order Eugregarinorida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified a mite species associated with Eucalyptus urophylla in clonal mini-garden of nursery seedling production and determined its instantaneous growth rate on several species of eucalypts. Mites were collected on the leaves of E. urophylla strains grown in clonal mini-garden and mounted on microscopy slides to species identification, while other were kept rearing on arenas. To determine the instantaneous growth rate of mites on Eucalyptus brassiana, E. urophylla, E. grandis, E. tereticornis, E. pellita and Corymbia citriodora grown on pots, arenas were assembled with Petri dishes containing foam, filter paper and leaf discs of each species of eucalypt and five adult mite females from the breeding colony. The "arenas" were kept in climatic chambers under controlled conditions. After 10 days the instantaneous growth rate was determined. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replicates. Data were submitted to Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. The mite was identified as Oligonychus punicae. This is the first record of O. punicae associated with E. urophylla plants in clonal mini-garden of nursery seedling production. The instantaneous growth rate of O. punicae was positive in the six species of eucalypts suggesting the mite might damage clonal mini-gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the recent production of multimodal writing in an indigenous community in Brazil, resulting from the equally recent introduction of literacy. Seeing this form of writing as part of the process of intercultural semiosis and cultural translation, the paper discusses how concepts of local indigenous oral culture and received wisdom interact with the Western concept of writing as the 'record' or 'representation' of speech, bringing to writing the indigenous notion of cultural 'enactment' or 'performativity'. In an effort to overcome a view of alphabetic writing as semantically only propositional, mimetic and decontextualized, the Kashinawá community, by adding visual components to alphabetic texts, appear to transform writing into contextualized performative 'poiesis' which simultaneously inaugurates a complex process of semiosis inseparable and only comprehensible from their local cultural perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent political and economic crisis in Venezuela has given rise to an increase in Venezuelan migrants and refugees to Brazil. Situated in the northern state of Roraima, bordering Venezuela, this research explores the military-humanitarian response coordinated by the Brazilian government. Investigating the underpinning logic of such a humanitarian approach highlights the ways in which vulnerable mobile groups are offered support, while at the same time, are tightly governed for the protection of state security. I argue that Brazil's military-humanitarian approach to mobility governance reflects a logic of debility that works to control migrants. This logic emerges through subtle forms of violence and consequently reinforces migrant vulnerabilities, keeping them in a cyclical loop of exclusion. This paper addresses the militarisation of the response across the urban streetscape of the city of Boa Vista, including humanitarian spaces of care, to investigate processes of securitisation and hygienisation. By doing so, this paper contributes to timely discussions on military-humanitarianism and draws attention to South-South mobilities and the salient geographies of Brazil and Latin America more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through activities such as institutional partnerships, scholarships, mobility and, most recently, offshore campuses and satellite offices, universities and their nations of origin have furthered their relationship with key-countries. This paper aims to understand what factors universities considered when choosing the host country of their satellite offices and possible interest in diplomacy. The exercise focused on the efforts of US universities in Brazil. It tested expressions of soft power versus internal elements of universities' administration to verify their significance. By checking the efforts of 131 US universities, this paper hints that non-academic elements, such as a country's foreign policy, were also statistically significant and must be taken into account when analysing universities' internationalisation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for effective governance and management of telecenter initiatives is an important concern for policy makers. However, so far this topic has been underresearched. This article aims to fill the gap by studying the interplay between the actors involved in the governance and management of the São Paulo Public Telecenter Network in Brazil. The article draws on the actor-network theory's translation process to study the relationship among public and private agents involved in the implementation of the telecenters. The findings indicate the importance of individual agents' goals, organizational learning, and political dimensions, and the way in which these factors are influential for user training, participation, and citizenship development. The results provide useful insights for the management of digital inclusion programs in a developing-country setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the debate on postmodernity in Brazil. Postmodernity has entered the intellectual force field in Brazil in the early 1980s. Notions such as the postmodern, postmodernity and postmodernism answered the need to rethink the dominant categories of local cultural historiography during a time of transition from military dictatorship to a democratic regime. A major shift in the fields of ideology and political was taking place. As the debate unfolded, it was the liberal in politics but conservative in culture who rejected the validity of the issues brought up by postmodern critique.

The Santos Basin comprises the most voluminous hydrocarbon accumulations in its 'Pre-salt' reservoirs. Magmatic rocks have been recorded in the basin mostly by the tholeiitic basalts (Camboriú Formation) within its rift megasequence at Hauterivian time. Recent studies have shown that magmatic rocks are also found interbedded with Aptian sedimentary rocks in the basin, related to its post-rift (mostly Aptian) megasequence. This paper presents petrological data obtained from sidewall core samples of magmatic rocks interbedded with Early Aptian coquina in a well drilled in the Santos Basin. The well comprises six magmatic sections of alkaline basalts being overlain and underlain by the Barra Velha limestones. The basalts are mostly plagioclase-phyric, amygdaloidal rocks but vary in texture and modal compositions. Magmatic compositions seem to have been slightly affected by alteration processes. Basalts comprise an alkaline, miaskitic series with relatively evolved compositions (MgO = 5.55 ± 1.50 wt%; Ni < 220 ppm; Cr < 400 ppm). The patterns in the Primitive Mantle normalized multielement diagram displays the typical Nb peak (0.3 < La/Nb(N)<0.7) of the OIB. Geochemical modelling showed that basalts within five magmatic sections are not cogenetic by differentiation, representing basaltic flows emitted from different vents. Modal batch partial melting model indicates that it is possible, although unlikely, to generate the differences in La/Yb(N) and Zr/Y ratios of the least evolved samples in the studied well by different partial melting degrees (0.5–11%) from the same mantle source. Binary mixing models using lithogeochemical datapoint to a role for the Tristan da Cunha plume tail in the petrogenesis of the alkaline basalts with no clear evidence for a possible role for the local subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The results of the petrogenetic models are consistent with a shallow MOHO and a high-temperature mantle below part of the Santos Basin in Early Aptian time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and mental health of necessary entrepreneurs in Brasilian favelas, the social problems they experienced and implications for public health social work. The study used structured in-person interviews within selected Favela's, with a sample size of 721 entrepreneurs, aged between 16–70 years. All participants both worked and were resident in 15 out of the 27 Brasilian federal states. The bespoke questions explored socio-demographic questions, sought information on their entrepreneurship, health and administered the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale for Health. The results highlighted that many entrepreneurs have engaged in this form of enterprise due to economic necessity, with 64% of women and 43.6% of men identifying increased levels of anxiety through the pandemic, with the presence of children in the family being statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 chi-square test) for anxiety. Of the 9.8% sample respondents have accessed the health care service and for women with children, the impact of the pandemic accentuated existing problems of childcare and patriarchy. We conclude by highlighting the importance of universal and accessible health and mental health support and care, their ongoing accessibility, along with the importance of social work during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a study of the Fundão dam collapse in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and it aims to analyze a widely used and rarely problematized concept in the corporate and, increasingly, in the public policy world: governance. Considering, in this case, the environmental governance that originated the disaster and the subsequent remediation governance, source of profound inequity, I try to extract its main problematics. In fact, the critical literature on governance systems points to the forced depoliticization of political decisions related to the transfer of public responsibilities to the private sector as the main issue. Based on the case, I intend to argue that the hegemony of techno-scientific solutions in eminently political contexts founds the aforementioned depoliticization, adding to and therefore aggravating the asymmetries of power already configured in terms of race and social class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The City Statute is a legal framework that provides Brazilian urban policy with another dynamic. It guides urban policies across the national territory, and hasgained international prominence at a moment when Latin American countries became policy exporters. This paper takes the City Statute to discuss multilevel urban policy mobilities between international and subnational levels, analyzing how its guidelines and contents spread across Brazilian and Latin American territories. The findings suggest that the City Statute has been simultaneously disseminated and questioned at different levels. It is a significant case study for understanding multilevel and South-South policy mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the National Common Core Curriculum in Brazil, focusing both on its Introduction and the sections dedicated to music teaching. The paper draws on contributions from broad critical curricular perspectives, arguing for the access to powerful knowledge as a means of achieving social justice and democratic social relations. It outlines some aspects of an ongoing qualitative research project, which investigates the recent curricular debates about the consistent inclusion of music in the primary and secondary levels of schooling in Brazil. Preliminary results suggest that the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) relying on the development of pragmatic and generic competencies, is very far from promoting access to the pivotal epistemic structures of the discipline. At the same time, we hope to raise awareness about the potential powers provided by musical knowledge, which might help the Brazilian music education field to strengthen its curricular and epistemological bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities across the globe are implementing internationalization programs. These programs often focus on language development, study abroad programs, and developing the international reputations of professors. In this paper, we present data from interviews and ethnographic observations of university internationalization trainings in Brazil. We asked: How (do) professors in Brazil make sense of the national/organizational internationalization initiative? Drawing on decolonial theories and scholarship about organizational paradoxes, we found two primary paradoxes arise in internationalization directives: the paradox of relying on the English language and the paradox of mobility. Ultimately, we argue that university internationalization is a highly political communicative act, which perpetuates systems of oppression and dominance and can cultivate discursive and material violence. We suggest that internationalization projects must take perspectives from a variety of global locations into account in order to roll out decolonized programs that are more equitable and attainable across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of affirmative action on the incentives to human capital accumulation are ambiguous from a theoretical perspective and the scarce empirical evidence on the matter provides mixed results. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating the impacts of Brazil's Law of Quotas on the students' performance in the college entrance exam, the ENEM. We provide causal evidence that the law fostered incentives to pre-college human capital accumulation, inducing students to attain higher ENEM scores. Moreover, the effects of the quotas were greater in quantitative-intensive subjects and these impacts increased throughout the first years after the law's implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-life shocks often produce negative long-run consequences lasting into adulthood, but little is known about how childhood social programs interact with early-life environments. In this paper, we analyze the effect of early-life conditions on child health and evaluate whether access to a conditional cash transfer program is differentially effective among children who experienced adverse early-life events. We use variation in delays in enrollment from the rollout of Brazil's Bolsa Família program to analyze the impact of longer treatment durations alongside a variation of in utero rainfall to determine the potential for the program to drive catch-up growth. We find that the duration of Bolsa treatment impacts stunting, obesity, and other health outcomes, with the program being most effective among children whose in utero conditions predisposed them to worse health outcomes. Finally, we find that these effects are driven by children who receive Bolsa before age five and that girls experience more health gains. Overall, the duration of treatment matters, with some effects only appearing after one to two years of transfers, as does the timing of treatment, with some effects only appearing for younger initial recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SDG 6 aims universal coverage of Water and Sanitation services for all, under the principle of leaving no one behind. Thus, measuring progress on service levels cannot be based on averages, at the risk of not capturing the real situation in vulnerable areas such as Urban Precarious Settlements (UPS), to which the lack of appropriate indicators and representative data hinder access to the services. This paper aims to use statistical modelling to propose a new procedure to identify UPS in Brazil, to then measure their access to WS services and compare with general figures. The method was applied to the Federal District of Brazil, testing three statistical techniques: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression. The latter presented the best predictive performance resulting in a sensitivity of 88,5% and an Area Under the Curve of 0,96. Overall results demonstrated inequalities of access among the poorest, particularly to sanitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of urban expansion in a peri-urban catchment that drains into a reservoir of the drinking water supply system of Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region in Brazil. Despite the metropolitan interest and efforts in protecting the catchment, a recent change in zoning ordinances allowed urban expansion in the area. To evaluate the potential hydrological impacts of this land use regulation change, scenarios of urban expansion were conceived and simulated in the model Dinamica EGO. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to assess potential hydrological impacts of land use change projections. Observed precipitation and water level data of the reservoir were used to calibrate and validate the hydrological model. Results confirm the impacts on several catchment hydrological processes following the progressive urban expansion in the area, particularly on volumes of infiltration, groundwater flow and runoff, increasing peak flows and flooding downstream the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Neogene strata of the Solimões Formation (northern Brazil) have revealed an astonishing diversity of extinct caviomorph rodents. The main exposures of this formation are found along the Juruá, Acre, and Purus rivers, and some road cuts in the State of Acre. In this paper, we reported a new locality containing a rodent assemblage. The outcrop (Coqueiro locality) is located in the Envira River, central region of State of Acre, Brazil. During fieldwork in 2010 and 2019, several isolated cheek teeth and bones of mammals were recovered in conglomeratic levels from this locality. Here, we described specimens assigned to Cardiatherium sp. (Caviidae: Hydrochoerinae), Potamarchus sp. and cf. Pseudopotamarchus (Dinomyidae: Potamarchinae), and Neoepiblema sp. (Neoepiblemidae). The locality is not yet dated by radiometric methods but based on the biostratigraphic information of the taxa here reported, we suggest that the fossil-bearing levels of this locality were deposited during the Late Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extinct genus and species of Diptera – Cretothereva antiqua – has recently been described from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Crato Formation). The fossil has been assigned to the family Therevidae and, according to its authors, would represent the oldest known member of the family of the entire Therevoid clade, with important implications for the evolutionary history of the group. A recent paper written by several Diptera experts challenges the systematic position of Cretothereva antiqua, but without a detailed assessment of the evidences. The evidence for the systematic position of this important fossil is reassessed. We argue that criticism of scientific hypotheses must be based on formal discussion of evidence, not based only on conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe a dynamic-model as a strategy to teach DNA transcription and translation in an active way. This activity aims to provide learning beyond memorisation through the simulation of molecular processes, stimulating the elaboration of questions and hypotheses by students. The dynamic consists of four steps, starting with different problem situations which provide a context and encouragement to start the activity. The next steps connect these problems with DNA transcription and translation, requiring the active participation of students to simulate these processes through a construction of a model based on an iron board and representations of cellular structures, enzymes and genetic sequences fixed in magnets. An implementation experience of this dynamic, applied to 21 undergraduate veterinary students at a public university in the city of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil, is also described. Data from pre and post-questionnaires suggest knowledge about DNA transcription and translation was improved and some previous mistakes were clarified. Among the positive aspects that were cited by the students, the words visualisation and playful were more frequent, which reflect the didactic aspects of the dynamic. Some points of attention are discussed throughout the paper, as well as educational implications associated with the material and its potential to promote active learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a follow-up to the analysis of an inquiry-based learning activity applied to students in a public university in Brazil. We advocate that an effective education in immunology must incorporate elements that are essential to research in the area, such as generating and analysing data. These elements would empower students to apply science reasoning to face professional challenges. Our protocol included two of these elements: experimentation and abstraction. The utmost aim was to examine the production of argument by groups engaged in three different activities: 1) performing experiments and analysing the data generated; 2) reading papers on the subject (activation of complement) prior to the activities in (1), and 3) reading papers on the subject and analysing data generated by others. Our analysis reveals that guided scientific paper presentation was more influential than performing an experiment in terms of production of complex arguments. Additionally, we found that some groups merely described the data rather than relating the obtained data to the original question that led to the experiments. The findings described herein show the importance of engaging students in procedures that actually generate knowledge and thus incorporate scientific reasoning and discourse in higher immunology education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes how Brazilian public universities and graduate programs used models of admission calls and resolutions from other institutions to formulate affirmative action policies for entry into masters and doctorate courses. The paper compares the diffusion of institutional designs before and after the issuance of Normative Order No. 13/2016 by the Ministry of Education. The research was based on an analysis of admission calls of 2,763 programs, a survey and semi-structured interviews. The data confirmed that graduate programs looked for models from their universities, other programs within the same field of knowledge, and institutions in the same region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of seminars held in Brasilia in the mid-1980s institutionalized Urban Design as a discipline in Brazil. It triggered a new approach to urban interventions, in consonance with the country's re-democratization process and the critical debates fostered by the new political condition, following the end of the dictatorship. This paper explores the seminars' outcomes in order to account for the rationale of urban design in Brazil, when social milieu, cultural character and participatory processes became fundamental design tools. By examining this turning point, the paper adds to the historiography of the genesis of Urban Design in Brazil while highlighting the particularities of the local approach to the global term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether and how electoral rules moderate the effect of voter bias on candidate choice. Voter bias against female candidates follows a pattern known as aversive sexism, which denotes that voters discriminate when the choice structure does not make the bias clear to others and to themselves. As a result, voters are less likely to vote for women when they can substitute ideologically close female candidates with male co-partisans. The paper uses survey data and a ballot experiment in Brazil to investigate why, contrary to conventional wisdom on the topic, voters are more likely to elect women running in plurality races for the Senate than in proportional races for the Chamber of Deputies. The results shed light on how institutions can produce voting patterns that harm the electoral prospects of female candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: Adsorption (selected papers presented at the 12th Adsorption Brazilian Meeting (EBA 2018), held April 23-25, 2018 in Gramado-RS, Brazil) In this special issue of Chemical Engineering Communications, a collection of 19 papers is presented based on the oral and poster communications at the 12th Adsorption Brazilian Meeting (EBA 2018). The scientific program was impressive, being composed by the traditional Adsorption School, 5 plenary lectures, 9 keynote lectures, 36 oral communications, and 277 poster communications.

The current paper analyses the Brazilian foreign policy towards the war in Ukraine, from the tensions preceding the invasion until the first half of the war's second year. Since the conflict began, Brazil was governed by two sharply contrasting administrations, neither of which clearly aligned with one side of the conflict. It is argued, however, that while Bolsonaro assumed an inert attitude, Lula undertook a proactive non-alignment. As proposed by this forum, this article presents three counterfactuals, exploring how the Brazilian position could have been different, and outlines future perspectives based on three uncertainties: (1) will Brazil be recognized as a viable mediator? (2) will Brazil explicitly choose a side in the conflict?; (3) will Brazil continue to be engaged with this agenda? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the history of Casa dos Educandos Artífices [House of the Artificer Apprentices (1841/1889)] in the Province of Maranhão (Brazil), which received underprivileged boys after the continuous increase of poverty caused by the Rebellion of Balaiada (1839–1841). At the Casa children were taught basic literacy instruction, Christian doctrine, and mechanical work at the War Arsenal, government public works and private workshops. As apprentices learned how to read, write and count, they received grammar, singing and instrumental lessons. Professional training included bricklayer, tailor, joiner, welding and copper. This paper aims to recover the history of this institution, which closed in the Republic Proclamation in 1889, drawing from many sources: manuscripts, letters from the directors to the province presidents, reports from the province presidents themselves, regulations, laws and newspapers that circulated in São Luis (Maranhão) from 1841 to 1889. Based on Norbert Elias's theoretical contributions, the analysis focuses on the creation and consolidation of the institution, material space, power relations, flow of subjects and management of school schedules and school actors and regulations. This research aims to contribute to understanding the nature of the professional instruction and the characteristics of a peculiar educational establishment in Maranhão in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]