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We test the impact of globalization on the inflation process (global slack hypothesis) for 15 emerging economies over the period (1996Q1-2019Q4). The novelty of this article lies in testing the impact of globalization on the inflation process. We introduce the smooth transition regression (STR) model of the Phillips curve to capture the gradual impacts of globalization on inflation dynamics. The main results are as follows. (i) The asymmetries in inflation exist that are not captured by the linear Phillips curve. (ii) The domestic output gap remains a main driving force of inflation. (iii) Globalization based on the trade weighted average of the domestic output gap does not affect the inflation process compared to other variables like the trade openness, import prices, real exchange rate and international oil prices. Our results yield important implications that the central banks of the emerging economies can stabilize inflation and output gap in an effective way, exploiting the inflation-output gap relationship. When economic expansion of the trading partners increases, the process of inflation dynamics changes in two economies (Brazil, and China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sino-Latin American trade have increased substantially for decades. However, the increasing trade imbalances between China and several Latin American countries have yielded growing trade frictions. In this paper, we re-calculate the bilateral trade balance using the value-added content in trade and measure the contribution of Sino-Latin American trade to economic growth. The results show that gross trade statistics seriously overestimate the real bilateral trade imbalance, and China's trade surplus with Mexico decreased by over 50%. The composition of Sino-Latin American trade suggests that most Latin American economies are complementary with Chinese economy. The South-South trade has been increasingly important for both China's and Latin America's economic development. We foresee an optimistic future of relations and continuously increasing trade between China and Latin America. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to settle trade frictions and intensify Sino-Latin American relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of investment-driven to innovation-driven for high-quality development, this study discussed an influence mechanism of investment structure optimization on the industrial agglomeration degree and its growth path of balanced regional economics. We put forward assumptions about their relationship with a mediator of the regional innovation capability and a moderator of the market-oriented business environment to solve problems of the regional economic gap to accelerate the construction of a unified national market in China. We used the regional industrial data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2017 to verify these hypotheses. Finally, we found that regional innovation capability completely moderates the relationship between investment structure optimization and industrial agglomeration degree, and the market-oriented business environment adequately moderates the relationship. This result shows that regional innovation capability and market-oriented business environment restrict industrial agglomeration degrees and accelerate the integration of diversified capital. So, improving the investment of human capital and R&D capital is the key to solving the regional economic gap. It has enriched the research of high-quality development and provided necessary enlightenment for the practical application of regional industrial economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional model of factor-driven economic growth can no longer be maintained due to an increasing demand to save energy and reduce emissions and a rapid rise in the cost of related factors. The concept of green total factor productivity (GTFP) has emerged as an essential component of high-quality economic growth; consequently, how to boost GTFP through the development of technical advancement has become an important question in recent years. An improved CES production function of labor, capital, and energy is created using the theoretical framework for biased technological growth as its foundation. Subsequently, the mechanisms resulting from the synergy of factor structure, factor efficiency and biased technological progress (BTP) on GTFP are theoretically deduced and empirically analyzed. The conclusion shows that the types of technical advancement are mainly net labor-enhancing and net energy-enhancing technical advancement in China from 2001 to 2017. Due to the biased effect of technical advancement, the relative comparison of the three elements is determined predominantly by excessive capital investment and less by labor and energy. Factor-enhancing technical advancement led to the growth of GTFP, while the synergistic effect of BTP, factor structure and factor efficiency hindered the growth of GTFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on unique firm-level microdata, this study adopts the conditional logit model to empirically evaluate the impact of the environmental tax on the siting of foreign-invested manufacturing enterprises. We also explore the trade-offs of the environmental tax by assessing its economic costs and benefits. This study finds that the environmental tax has a statistically significant and negative impact on the siting of foreign-invested enterprises, as verified by a series of robustness checks. This result implies a trade-off of the environmental tax, reducing pollutant emissions at the expense of damaging economic growth. Heterogeneous analysis finds that the siting is remarkably more sensitive for foreign-invested enterprises that are sole-venture, in high-polluting industries, small-scale, or hosted by developing countries. The other trade-off is outlined: although the environmental tax reduces the number of newly registered foreign-invested enterprises, it brings some economic benefits by making the structure of foreign investment cleaner and more advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon mitigation and net-zero targets have an important place on the political agenda for all countries. Countries have been seeking to decouple economic growth and carbon emissions to achieve decarbonization. However, there is a cost of the decarbonization of economies, which can be called as Green Sacrifice Ratio (GSR), and this is critical for developing countries because they have been in the growing stage. By considering the critical role of GSR in achieving net-zero emissions by decarbonizing economies, the study comparatively examines how much environmental quality should be sacrificed for per capita economic growth in China and India. In line with this purpose, the study uses the Fourier-Shin cointegration test and various time series estimators with Fourier approximations for the period from 1989/Q1 to 2022/Q4. Estimation results are as follows: (i) all variables follow the non-stationary process, (ii) the long-run relationship exists between variables, and (iii) Estimation results show that GSR is 0.65% for China and 0.78% for India. Therefore, China and India sacrifice a significant amount of environmental quality for a 1% increase in per capita income level. Also, the ecological cost of increasing economic welfare in India is higher with regard to China. Besides, the results are robust according to the alternative method. Thus, the study recommends that both Chinese and Indian policymakers should revise the economic expansion structure with green growth strategies to prevent irreversible environmental degradation due to higher economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, China launched her targeted poverty alleviation, and a large amount of fiscal anti-poverty funds have been invested. However, whether the enormous fiscal anti-poverty funds have had a positive impact on the local economy has been ambiguous. This study investigates the impact of fiscal anti-poverty funds on local economic growth, drawing on Chinese fiscal data at the county level. Our results indicate that fiscal anti-poverty funds are not conducive to local economic growth. Further analysis reveals that anti-poverty funds reduce fiscal support for the service industry, manufacturing industry, enterprise development, and technical innovation. This is because impoverished counties are forced to supply extra fiscal anti-poverty funds, which leads to compression of fiscal expenditures in other areas due to local deficient finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many regions or countries seek to transition to a low-carbon economy, but there is ambiguity about how carbon emissions change with economic growth. This paper captures characteristics of carbon emissions in China using the Tapio Method. To detect driving factors of carbon emissions in economic growth, we adopt the Log-Mean Divisia Index decomposition method. The results of the paper are as follows: (1) Economic growth in most regions of China has outpaced the growth rate of carbon emissions, showing the characteristics of decoupling. (2) Metropolitan cities have a greater impact on the level of decoupling in neighboring provinces and municipalities. (3) The decoupling of carbon emissions from economic growth is caused by declining energy intensity in China. (4) The energy mix and industrial structure have little impact on the growth rate of carbon emissions. In addition, some policy implications are summarized according to the findings of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) has become increasingly popular among policymakers because of its potential to drive economic growth. In many countries, the promotion of EE has been linked with innovation policy but little research has been done to examine whether such policy can facilitate EE's development. Using the case study method to examine the growth of China's unicorns, which are productive entrepreneurial outputs of EE, this paper investigates the process of EE's emergence and development, and the role of government policies, including innovation policy, in promoting EE's growth. The paper advances three policy implications derived from the case study; first, the important role of government policies in creating institutional contexts; second, developing informal institutions, and third, implementing a systemic intervention, to promote EE's emergence and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking China's air quality management during the 13th 5-Year Plan (2016–2020) as a case, this study empirically examines the impact of mandatory policy target set by the higher-level government on the performance of lower-level government in achieving the target. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental target value and target completion rate. In addition, the inverted U-shaped relationship is moderated by local economic growth rate. Specifically, economic growth impairs the positive effect of environmental target value on environmental performance before the turning point but alleviating the negative effect after the turning point. Moreover, higher-level attention can strengthen the target setting effect for local governments. Therefore, a successful target-based performance management system needs the reasonable design for the target difficulty and coordination of conflicting targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target setting (or goal setting) is a process of incremental adaptation. Prior studies have mainly focus on organization-level adaptation of performance target setting. Based on the geographical leadership mobility within the Chinese political personnel system, this study explores leader-level adaptation of their organizations' performance target setting. Using a Chinese province-level panel data-set from 1999 to 2019, we empirically confirm that performance targets in one administrative jurisdiction where the current incumbent provincial governor previously served positively influence performance targets in their current provincial leadership position. Furthermore, if the performance targets in the provincial governor's previous working locality were achieved successfully, the provincial governor will be more motivated to learn from past target-setting experiences. Finally, provincial governors show significantly different policy learning motivation in economic growth target setting before and after the reform of China's cadre evaluation system in 2013. These findings show that local executives display conditional learning in their individual-level targets aspiration adaptation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of technological finance on high-quality economic growth. Based on data of 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) collected between 2004 and 2018, this paper adopts the method of factor analysis to construct comprehensive indexes of technological finance, before calculating green total factor productivity as the index of high-quality development, using the CRS Multiplicative Model. Then it constructs the spatial SAC model, for analyses of the just-mentioned relationship based on the total sample of the nation as well as regional samples in eastern, middle and western China respectively. The results reveal that all samples, whether it be the total national samples or regional samples of eastern, middle and western China, demonstrate the positive influence of technological finance on high-quality economic development, with an obvious spatial spillover effect. The impact factor is the highest in the eastern region, while the western region holds the lowest factor among the three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing panel data estimation for the period 2010–2019 we test the economic effects of China's education and cultural diplomacy in 56 Belt and Road countries. For empirical analysis, we used pooled ordinary least squares (POLS). Our empirical finding shows that China's education and cultural diplomacy has a positive and significant impact on trade and economic growth and these findings are robust to the estimation approaches. It is suggested that developing countries from the Belt and Road Initiative should establish collaborations with China to establish "University-Industry Linkages" to capture the knowledge economy and to boost trade, economic and social development. Moreover, the Government of China should also pay more attention to the economic effects of China's education and cultural factors like Confucius Institutes and Universities in policy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between climate change and economic growth is one of the most significant dilemmas of our era. Under the prevalent discourse of sustainable development and green economy, many believe that market-based approaches can address environmental problems under the current capitalist economic regime. This article aims to analyse Ant Forest, a gamified green initiative launched by the biggest fintech company in China, to combat climate change through cultivating users' green lifestyles. Based on semi-structured interviews with the game-users, the paper argues that there is an inconsistency between the environmental value of Ant Forest and the real impact it has on the participants' consumption behaviour. As a capitalist green initiative based on consumption and market forces, Ant Forest reflects the basic logic of competition and expansion. In addition, it enhances the users' reliance on its related business entities and further alienates the users from the rest of nature by creating a knowledge gap that impedes its users from fully knowing the environmental implications of their consumption behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of economic growth efficiency, this paper adopts the traditional DEA-Malmquist index method and the SBM-ML index method considering undesired output to measure the growth efficiency of China's real economy with or without environmental constraints. The results show that: (1) From 2005 to 2017, the total factor productivity of China's real economy increased by 2.7%, but under environmental constraints, the total factor productivity of China's real economy decreased by 0.6%, mainly due to the "drag" of the growth efficiency of the real economy by technological changes. Second, without considering the unintended output, 76.67% of the provinces and cities have improved the growth efficiency of the real economy, and 93.33% have made technological progress. Third, under environmental constraints, the total factor productivity and technological progress showed an upward trend only in the central region, while all other regions showed a downward trend to varying degrees. The descending range is east > northeast > west. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most alarming issues of the current times is the increasing level of carbon emissions and the depletion of Ozone layer, which is due to the increased fossil fuel usage. Scholars and governors are paying more attention towards identifying the factors and remedial measures of environmental degradation. The current study aims to analyse the influence of economic growth, research and development (R.D.D.), renewable electricity output (R.E.O.), and technological innovation (T.I.) on the carbon emissions in China throughout 1988–2021. This study uses the time series approach, that unveils the stationarity of variables, and the existence of cointegration between the variables. Due to the issue of data non-normality, this study uses the novel method of moment quantile regression (M.M.Q.R.). The estimated results asserted that economic growth and R.D.D. are the significant factors of increased carbon emission level in the country. On the other hand, renewable electricity is found adversely affecting the carbon emissions level. Also, the T.I. is found negative, but insignificantly affecting the carbon emission level of the country. These results are found robust by using the novel Bootstrap quantile regression (B.S.Q.R.). The empirical results suggest the constriction policies that could consider the increased investment in environmental-related R.D.D, T.I., and renewable energy sector to attain sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of economic growth of China by identifying the factors that are contributing to sustainability and reducing inequality in the Chinese communities. The role of sustainable development goals has become critical for even the non- democratic country because inequality is also found in China which is rapidly increasing due to overpopulation and other factors. In this study, the questionnaire was developed on the Likert scale to collect the data from the economists to test the relationship between the hypotheses. The sample size for this study was 330 from the selected population of 800 people with a response rate of 45%. The study concludes that there is a critical role of sustainable development goals, sustainable economic policy, and labor productivity in the growth of China's economy. Further, this study also demonstrates that the Chinese government must focus on sustainability to reduce inequality in society. Significantly, this study provides a detailed insight into the relationship of factors that are contributing to China's economic growth that was not discussed earlier in the Chinese economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fundamental driver of technological and economic growth. However, few studies have focused on the impact of AI industry agglomeration on economic complexity. This study uses a unique dataset of 2,503,795 AI enterprises in China collected through web crawlers to measure AI industrial agglomeration and examine the relationship between AI industry agglomeration and economic complexity in 194 Chinese cities based on Marshall industry agglomeration theory. The study's results show that AI industry clustering increases economic complexity. The mechanism analysis indicates that people and knowledge are the channels through which it boosts economic complexity. Unexpectedly, AI industry agglomeration does not improve the economic complexity index (ECI) through the goods path. This study proposes three possible explanations for this result. First, AI industrial clustering may lead to excessive rivalry in China's intermediate product market. Hence, sharing intermediate inputs has no increasing returns effect. Second, the city's high-end talent is not fairly distributed due to China's uneven development. Finally, policies drive the formation of China's AI industrial agglomeration, which does not develop naturally. Consequently, China should implement a talent- and knowledge-driven AI agglomeration. To avoid overcrowding, policies must match regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the changes in carbon productivity and economic growth patterns in China. We calculated carbon productivity using panel data from BRICS and G7 countries between 2001 and 2019 and developed a methodology to estimate economic growth patterns by combining carbon productivity and economic growth. As the world's top carbon emitter, China can combat global climate change by increasing carbon productivity. We show that (i) China has a high growth rate of carbon productivity; however, the carbon productivity level only accounts for about 20% of developed countries. (ii) When determining economic growth patterns from a low-carbon perspective, China has transitioned from high-carbon type II to low-carbon type III. However, low-carbon economic growth is common in developed countries, and (iii) it can improve carbon productivity by reducing energy-averaged carbon emission factors. It assists the government in determining how to implement low-carbon economic development policies by examining economic growth from a low-carbon perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's economic growth has shown a continuous downward trend, but the financial industry's added value as a percentage of GDP and the financial development level have continued to rise, and real estate investment still maintains a relatively high proportion of total fixed asset investment in society. Taking financial development as the starting point, which is measured by the balance of loans from financial institutions as a percentage of GDP, this paper selects China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017, and uses the system generalized method of moments to empirically study how financial development affects real estate investment and economic growth. The results reveal that financial development pushes up the proportion of real estate investment in fixed asset investment but has a negative impact on economic growth. The increase in the proportion of real estate investment promotes economic growth and plays a masking effect on the suppression of economic growth by financial development. Further analysis shows that financial development affects the growth of the real economy by restraining the development of the secondary industry and increasing real estate investment is conducive to alleviating the restraining effect of financial development on the growth of the real economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we take two different perspectives to cross-sectional dependence panel data model. We introduce the Spline-kernel method and the Quasi-Difference method to estimate the cross-sectional dependence panel data models in large n small T framework. Asymptotic distributions for the Spline-kernel estimators are derived. Monte Carlo simulations show good performances in finite samples. Empirical analysis of the impact of China's infrastructure investment on economic growth suggests that infrastructure investment and urbanization rate showed very significant positive effects on current China's economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable reforms of Chinese monetary policy, very few papers have empirically examined the long-run effects of monetary policy on China's economic growth. Our purpose is to shed some light on it. We use money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real interest rate to describe monetary policy of China. We first apply the Granger causality test to annual data from 1980 to 2020 to examine the relationship between monetary policy and China's economic growth measured by Chinese real GDP. Our results suggest both money supply and real effective exchange rate Ganger cause Chinese real GDP, while real interest does not. We then adopt the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model without asymmetric effects and nonlinear ARDL with asymmetric effects of exchange rate to estimate the impact of monetary policy on China's economic growth. Our long-run results indicate that expansion of money supply would promote Chinese real GDP growth. Both higher interest rate and depreciation would hinder China's economic growth. There are asymmetric effects of exchange rate on growth. Finally, the CUSUM and CUSUMQ stability test results reveal that the relationship among money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real interest rate with Chinese real GDP is stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 2009, the economic phenomenon of Taobao villages appeared in China, whose economic growth started to decline, but the number of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) grew at an astonishing rate. Based on a case study of Taobao villages, we found that a new industrial-organizational structure had developed within the traditional e-commerce model. This industrial-organizational structure, which we termed, a key-node industry and industrial net (KIIN) system, is unique in the world. A key-node industry is a platform that integrates logistics, information flow, and capital flow. It reorganizes the traditional industrial-chain structure and is connected with the traditional industrial chains to form a network industrial-organizational model, which can become an industrial net. Through an analysis using the differences-in-differences model, we verify the hypothesis that the KIIN system can improve the efficiency of resource allocation by building a more competitive organizational structure and then improve the production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial technology (FinTech) in promoting the real economy is a topic attracting much attention. This paper adopts a threshold regression model to solve the endogenous problem well and make up for the lack of empirical evidence of scientific models in existing research in this area. The empirical results show that FinTech has a significant promoting effect on real economic growth, manifested as a U-shaped relationship and double threshold effect. In the early stage of FinTech development, it will restrain economic growth. The continuous improvement will positively impact economic growth, and the result shows a law of marginal decline. Moreover, there are significant regional differences in the nonlinear characteristics. Our research has solid practical significance and contributes to the literature on the effects of FinTech on real economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to enhance local governments' enforcement of environmental regulations in developing countries? Whether central inspection can properly motivate local governments to implement environmental regulations, and how would it affect economic growth? This paper examines the effectiveness of China's Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) program, which aimed to promote local governments' enforcement of environmental regulations through central inspection. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the CEPI program caused a significant reduction in air pollution and economic growth, indicating that the CEPI program introduced a substantial trade-off between environmental quality and economic growth. Further analysis shows that the effect of this program on air quality and economic growth is temporary. Moreover, we find that the effect is more significant when the local officials with higher promotion potential. Further cost-benefit analysis suggests that the cost of the CEPI program far exceeds its benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a panel data set covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central government in China over the period from 2005 to 2018, this article investigates the impact of urban–rural income gap on economic growth under the background of urbanization. This article employs a threshold panel regression model that allows for urbanization-level thresholds and find strong evidence of the second half of the n-shaped relationship between urban–rural income gap and economic growth in our sample. Then, this article concludes the theoretical hypothesis that there is an N-shaped relationship between the urban–rural income gap and economic growth in the process of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governmental investment in commercializing academic patents has spurred economic growth. This study explores the mechanism underlying the impact of academic patent commercialization on regional economic development based on holistic view of the integration of local and neighbourhood hierarchies. The empirical analysis of a sample of 31 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019 shows that fiscal expenditures on science and technology mediate the relationship between academic patent commercialization and economic development. Moreover, there is a positive spatial spill over effect between developing economies of neighbouring provinces. In the knowledge economy era, academic patent commercialization, supported by fiscal expenditure, plays an increasingly important role in regional economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate how to obtain the optimal balance between energy consumption and economic development, this paper proposes a multifactor optimization model (MFOM). Different from previous input–output optimization models, our proposed MFOM comprehensively considers the direct and indirect impacts of sectoral consumption activities on total energy consumption. The results show that MFOM achieves higher energy-saving goals by smaller adjustment to consumption activities than the previous input–output optimization models do. The results also show that the consumption of some products should be limited to achieve the energy-saving and economic growth goals, such as Non-ferrous Metal Ore Mining, Chemical Products and Ferrous Metal Ore Processing. Furthermore, the results indicate that the share of some sectors, especially high-level manufacturing sectors, significantly decreases in the consumption structure after optimization. To maintain the sustainable development of these sectors, the dependence of their production activities on energy-intensive products should be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I investigate the economic influence of terrorism in China using the synthetic control method pioneered by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003). Organized terrorist attacks began in 1996 in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Comparing actual Xinjiang with a synthetic control without terrorism, I find that terrorist attacks have a pernicious effect on Xinjiang's economic growth, leading to a loss of 38% of Xinjiang's GDP per capita in 2018. My result challenges the traditional view that economic growth is not significantly affected by terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of economic growth targets on green total factor productivity (GTFP) based on a panel Tobit model and two manual datasets of 30 Chinese provinces from 2002 to 2019. We find that economic growth targets significantly inhibit GTFP, which is more pronounced in provinces that have high incentives when setting targets, use hard constraints when announcing targets, and fulfill their targets. In addition, we find that economic growth targets inhibit GTFP by undermining economic efficiency and aggravating environmental pollution. Moreover, the command-controlled environmental regulations weaken the inhibitory effect on GTFP, while market-motivated environmental regulations aggravate this inhibitory effect. Our findings confirm that the promotion assessment system based on economic performance leads to the irrationality of local governments in establishing economic growth targets, and the local governments pursue economic growth at the cost of development quality and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governments of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration have introduced a series of environmental policies to ameliorate pollution problems, but there are concerns that such a move can negatively impact the economy. In this article, panel data for 13 prefecture-level cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2003 to 2018 are used to investigate the influencing mechanism of environmental regulation on economic growth. The empirical results indicate an inverted "U"-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental regulation. In a sense, the non-linear relationship implies that the Porter hypothesis and the compliance cost hypothesis apply to different levels of environmental stringency, respectively, which results in an empirical supplement to the existing theoretical framework. Furthermore, energy intensity and industrial structure are valid transmission paths for the economic effect of environmental regulation, despite their opposite directions. Overall, a win–win situation of economic prosperity and ecological improvement can be achieved through the implementation of appropriate environmental regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is a significant element of environmental pollution because of corrupt economic activities that requires regulators' focus and researchers' emphasis. Hence, the current research evaluates economic growth on CO2 emissions in Chinese economy. The article has taken six factors of economic growth on board along with sustainable innovation to predict CO2 emissions. Secondary data, in this regard, has been used which has been borrowed from World Bank from 1986 to 2020. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test is employed to scrutnize unit root, while QARDL model has been run to identify the association between the constructs. Findings revealed that factors such as gross domestic product, national income, human capital, employment ratio, inflation and exports signifies CO2 emissions, hence are corrupt the environment. While sustainability oriented innovation reduces the emissions. This study monitors the policymakers while formulating regulators related to reducing the level of CO2 emission using economic growth factors and sustainability-oriented eco-innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capital constraint and underinvestment faced by rural residents are the pivotal factors limiting economic growth. The rural capital outflow further magnifies the income gap between urban and rural residents, seriously undermining rural areas' capital accumulation and sustainable development. For this purpose, we perform a theoretical and empirical investigation of the impact of rural capital outflow on economic growth. The results reveal that rural capital outflow occupies investment opportunities for rural economic development that adversely affect economic growth. Secondly, rural economic growth has an inertial effect and generates path dependence on capital outflow. The calculation of rural capital outflow in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and southern Shaanxi regions of China reveals that capital outflow in northern Shaanxi is insignificant and shows signs of capital return, while southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong emerge as key regions for capital outflow.Policymakers must adhere to long-term initiatives to reform and refine multi-level capital markets that support agricultural development in rural areas and build a sound rural financial market order for sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased concern for green economic growth made many countries shift from simply pursuing economic growth to a green economic growth mode to protect resources and the environment. Against this background, we calculated China's green GDP and studied the impact of economic growth on environmental quality. For green economic growth, we employed income per capita, its square, information and communication technology, sports industry ecosystem efficiency, and human capital. We applied innovative econometric techniques such as cross-sectional dimensions (CSDs) tests, cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF), cross-sectional augmented Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) tests, Westerlund co-integration test, generalised method of moments (GMM), and fully modified least squares (FMOLS) estimators. The obtained outcomes showed the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis, which validates the green economic growth theme. However, ICT was negatively associated with carbon emissions. Similarly, sports industry eco-system efficiency (SIE) showed an insignificant negative impact on the explained variable. Human capital was inversely associated with carbon emissions. In addition, the moderate role of the SIE significantly reduces carbon emissions. In addition, the D-H panel causality test results showed a significant causal association among the selected variables. Owing to the outcomes, we proposed imperative policy implications for the desired level of green economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development pursues equilibrium between the environment, economic growth, and quality of life. Currently, in many economies, environmental pollution has become a critical issue. The financial sector development has played a crucial role in developing every sector of the economy by providing necessary funds, and the environment sector is no exception. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of green finance and financial innovation on the environmental status in China from 1996 to 2020. To analyze the finance-environment nexus, we have employed the ARDL model. Findings of the ARDL model confirm that the long-run estimates attached to green finance are significantly negative in both the CO2 emissions and GHGs models. Similarly, the long-run estimates of financial innovation are negative and significant in the CO2 emissions and GHGs models. These results imply that an increase in green finance and financial innovation reduces China's CO2 emissions and GHGs emissions. Thus, environmental performance improves. In the short run, only the green finance impact is significant and negative on CO2 emissions and GHGs models. The results recommend some vital policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the impact of economic growth pressure on carbon emissions based on panel data from China's 277 cities. Moreover, the article analyzes the underlying influence mechanisms as well as regional heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that economic growth pressure significantly increases carbon emissions. Technological innovation and foreign trade constitute the channels through which economic growth pressure affects carbon emissions, but the mediating mechanism of industrial structure upgrading does not exist. Concretely, economic growth pressure increases carbon emissions by reducing technological innovation and foreign trade. In Western China, economic growth pressure has the highest impact on carbon emissions. In central and western China, economic growth pressure has a significant positive effect on carbon emissions. On the contrary, the effect of economic growth pressure on carbon emissions is significantly negative in Eastern China. In Northeast China, the positive effect of economic growth pressure on carbon emissions is statistically insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research investigates the role of green investment, information, and communication technology development growth in the Chinese economy's carbon emissions from 1985-2015. This study has applied the quantile autoregressive distributed lagged (QARDL) approach and the Granger-causality in the quantiles to examine the causal linkage between the variables of interest. The findings through QARDL estimation confirm that there is an existence of significant reversion to the long-run equilibrium association between the explanatory variables and CO2. More specifically, the outcomes under long-run estimation confirm that GIN and ICT development plays a significant role in combating the issues like higher CO2 in China. At the same time, more economic growth leads to the destruction of the natural environment with higher carbon emissions. However, the square of economic growth shows some fruitful results towards fighting environmental pollution but not in all the quantiles of the study. Besides, the Granger-causality outcomes confirm the presence of a bi-directional association between green investment, ICT development, economic growth, and its square value. Based on the study findings, some policy implications are also provided. Besides, various limitations are also linked with this study. Firstly, the current study only examines the trends in CO2 emission from the context of China, whereas other regional economies are entirely neglected. Secondly, the factors like governmental influence in controlling carbon emission, environmental regulations, and governance mechanisms are entirely neglected in this research. Thirdly, the robust checking of the empirical findings is also missing in this study. Fourthly, economic uncertainty would also contribute to environmental pollution like CO2. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies should focus on these limitations to provide some meaningful suggestions and literature contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of the transport sector and the increase in transportation carbon emissions attract policymakers' attention. It is of great importance to understand the determinants of pollution from transportation. This study explores the dynamic nexus between transportation, growth, and environmental degradation in China. The QARDL approach is used for the empirical investigation of data series from 1995 to 2018. The findings exposed mixed results in both the long and short run. The result for freight transportation only improves the environment at upper extreme quantiles, while the results are insignificant in the short run. The results show that passenger transportation reduces CO2 emissions at the lower bottom quantiles in the long run, while the results are significant at upper extreme quantiles in the short run. In the case of GDP, the results endorsed the EKC hypothesis in the long run, while in short-run dynamics, the results for GDP2 are found insignificant, which elaborates that China's economic growth enhances the CO2 emissions. Besides, the quantile causality test showed a bi-directional causality between all variables. The findings of this study provide concrete evidence to the policymakers of China to strengthen the sustainable transportation system by promoting eco-friendly and energy-efficient modes of transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We try to explain the simultaneous increases in economic growth and income inequality in China with a heterogeneous endogenous growth-based DSGE model. It is found that: First, our model can simulate the positive correlation between economic growth and income inequality in China. China's economic development has created better conditions and incentives for the accumulation of human capital of workers with high initial human capital, thus stimulating them to contribute more to economic growth, but this widens the income inequality simultaneously. Second, the change in economic growth and the change in income inequality also exhibit a positive correlation under the influence of various policy shock. Any shock that raises economic growth, such as different types of technology shock and investment shock (after 8 quarters), will correspondingly widen income inequality. Conversely, any shock that reduces economic growth, such as fiscal spending shock, interest rate shock and investment shock (before 8 quarters) will correspondingly reduce income inequality. Third, the government's preference for workers with high initial human capital in the implementation of macroeconomic policies determines the positive correlation between the change in economic growth and in income inequality. Workers with high initial human capital are central to the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While outward FDI inflows have increased since 2008, the volume of Southeast Asia's exports to China has slowed down, prompting discussion about whether this will affect Southeast Asia's growth. This article empirically tests China's impact on Southeast Asia's growth using a nonlinear framework, and finds that economic linkages between Southeast Asia and China have been changing since the mid-1990s, especially during the 1997 and 2008 financial crises and the 2012 bilateral diplomatic change; that FDI is more important to economic growth than exports across Southeast Asia; and that there is no industrial technology gap between Southeast Asia and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To verify the impact mechanism between infrastructure capital investment and regional economic growth in China, this study first estimates production capital stocks of the infrastructure by Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) based on a balanced panel dataset for 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities covering 1993–2017, then analyses the important mediating role of regional innovation capacity in the relationship between infrastructure capital investment and regional economic growth in China. The empirical results indicate that infrastructure capital investment can effectively promote economic growth in China. Furthermore, through analysing the mediating impact mechanism, the infrastructure capital investment can indirectly affect regional economic growth through the regional innovation capacity. When fully considering the potential heterogeneity, the mediating effect of developed regions is more significant than that of underdeveloped regions, and such a mediating effect is increasing with deepening industrialization. Therefore, a harmonious relationship between infrastructure capital investment and economic growth can be achieved if policymakers attempt to arouse the positive mediating role of regional innovation capacity when formulating relevant policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a significant body of research has emphasized the contribution of knowledge spillover to the economic growth of a region, the distinction between knowledge types has not received the attention it deserves. Market-mediated technology transfer, compared with pure knowledge spillover, is mediated by market mechanisms that stimulate chances to identify potential partners, alleviating the spatial restraints between them. This research explores the mutual uncertainties of licensor and licensee in transferring market-mediated technology and seeks to capture the geographic incidence at prefecture-levels across China. It also tests whether the intensity of market competition imposes constraints on the licensor's decision concerning technology transfer. The results corroborate that geographical distance still serves as a heavy toll between licensor and licensee. However, spatial proximity does not always support technology diffusion in cases where the licensors are associated with the dissipation effect among the proximate partners. The results challenge the common notion in the literature that an agglomeration effect is associated with knowledge spillover, reflecting the dynamic nature of market-oriented knowledge transfer. The contribution of this work will broaden understanding of the relationship between international/local technology diffusion and regional innovative capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By decomposing the changes of carbon emissions into effects of economic growth, industrial structural change, technological change and energy structure change, the paper firstly discusses the contribution of each effect to China's carbon emission changes between 2020 and 2030, and forecasts China's total carbon emissions in 2030. In particular, the paper strengthens that a decrease in population and a significant slowdown in urbanization will significantly reduce the construction demand, the main driver for high growth of carbon emissions in China, and provide a relatively favorable economic environment for China to achieve carbon peaking by 2030. The paper then discusses on how to achieve the "dual carbon" goals with the lowest possible economic cost by relying on market and price mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has exerted significant downward pressure on economic activity. In this paper, we examine the extent of the epidemic shock and recovery effects on economic growth by province in China since 2020. We find that the extent of the epidemic shock on economic growth in China has been gradually weakening. Still, the economy has not yet fully recovered from the shock. Also, there is some heterogeneity across provinces in the extent to the economic growth shocked by epidemic and the recovery effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist-related activities continuously increase the competition for water, food, land, natural resources and the associated energy consumption. The input of per capita energy consumption boosts economic growth which also increases the greenhouse effect and global warming. While extensive research efforts have been devoted to exploring the future growth of tourism-related emissions, little attention has been given to evaluating the dynamic linkages among tourism development, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in a region where tourism is a pillar industry. This exploratory study selects Hainan Island, China, where tourism significantly contributes to the economic growth of the Island as an example. Data were obtained from the official statistics during the period 1986 to 2014. During that period of time period, Hainan has seen a faster growth in foreign and domestic tourism. The study aims at validating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and investigating the relationship between tourism-related economic growth and CO2 emissions by applying a bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The results of this study showed that there is no direct evidence to support the inverted-U relationship between tourism-related economic growth and CO2 emissions in this Island area. The specific implications for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a unique dataset of 520 estimates from 32 studies, we analyze the effect of financial development on economic growth in China quantitatively using a meta-regression analysis. We find that the effect of financial development on economic growth, corrected for publication biases, is positive and statistically significant and that banking-sector development plays a dominant role in the economic growth of China. Moreover, there is weak evidence of the existence of Type-I publication bias and strong evidence of the existence of Type-II publication bias. We also find that sample size, the language of the studies, the empirical model, and the use of data from different regions are the sources of the heterogeneity of the estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is a channel through which financial reform promotes economic growth. Drawing on the quasi-experiment of China's Financial Reform Pilot Zones, panel data from 293 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019, and a difference-in-differences method, this paper evaluates the effect of financial reform on innovation. We find that financial reform significantly motivated innovation by promoting financial development, such as equity market development and credit market development. Moreover, the effect of financial reform on innovation shows diminishing marginal utility: in cities that started with a lower level of financial development, the policy effect on innovation is stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of mixed ownership pilot enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018, we find that mixed ownership reform (MOR) can improve earnings quality. Thus, improving earnings quality (reducing market friction) is a specific mechanism through which MOR affects economic growth. We also find that the effect of government intervention on earnings quality varies across regions. In high-marketization regions, government intervention cater to the market and it has little or marginal effect on the effect of MOR on earnings quality. However, in low-marketization regions, government weakens the effect of MOR on earnings quality. MOR and reduced government intervention have complementary effects on earnings quality. MOR is not a one-size-fits-all formula, and it should be tailor-made according to local conditions (such as marketization levels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Granger causal relationship between capital flows and economic growth in China over the period 1998Q1–2019Q2, allowing for real effective exchange rate (REER) effects. As parameter instability tests indicate structural changes, we use bootstrap rolling window causality tests, which suggest that the causal nexus between capital flows and GDP growth is time-varying. We find that the causal links between foreign direct investments (FDIs) and GDP growth are hardly affected by the REER, whereas the REER plays a more important role in affecting the causal connections between portfolio investments and other investments and GDP growth. Our results suggest that cumulative portfolio inflows and cumulative other investment inflows harm GDP growth, whereas cumulative portfolio outflows and cumulative other investment outflows positively affect GDP growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has presented one of the most noticeable growth experiences in economic history. High growth rates in the post-1978 reform period have been marked by deep structural changes in the Chinese economy. This paper aims to discuss China's long-term economic growth from a Kaldorian-Structuralist framework that emphasises the importance of a large, diversified and integrated industrial base as a central engine of economic growth that may prevent balance-of-payments constraints. This study applies input-output indicators to reveal key sectoral transformations of the Chinese productive structure and changes in interindustry linkages during the 1990s and 2000s. Results provide evidence that: (i) the Chinese sustained growth pattern has relied on a diversified and increasingly integrated domestic industrial production; and (ii) most sectors have been able to generate through exports enough foreign exchange to pay for import needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]