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The argument that choosing a legislative model will strengthen Parliament's checks and balances in an emergency has not been proven in Indonesia. Due to the high president's constitutional legislative power, combined with his coalition supported by a majority of parliamentarians in Covid-19 emergency, left parliament to serve much of the executive's agenda. This paper compares the law-making process in the parliamentary period before and during the pandemic. Extreme partisan power will allow the executive to control the legislative agenda and weaken Parliament's legislative power under the pretext of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency. The 'legislative model' is no longer viable; instead, various laws have been passed, unrelated to Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the short-term stock price reactions of Japanese gaming companies to events related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the event study method, we first estimate stock price reactions to the outbreak of the pandemic and the declaration of a state of emergency. We then perform multivariate regressions to investigate the factors affecting market responses. Our results demonstrate that the stock prices of Japanese gaming companies reacted negatively to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the initial negative effects were greater for mobile gaming companies and for companies with small sizes or low Tobin's Q. By contrast, the market has reacted positively to the declaration of the state of emergency, which perhaps drove more people to play games at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions on daily routines have had a large effect on mental health. This study aimed to explore perceived changes in leisure behavior and some potentially beneficial leisure activities as factors associated with prevalence of depression symptoms during nationwide restrictions of the State of Emergency (SoE). Eight hundred ninety-six adults participated in a cross-sectional online survey during the SoE in Estonia in spring 2020. Binary logistic regression models, with adjustments for covariates, demonstrated that shifted leisure behaviors (having less leisure time; largely or totally changed habitual leisure activities) during the SoE played a role in increased risk of depression symptoms. Our results suggest that higher involvement in physical activities, more time spent in nature, and greater commitment to durable hobbies all appear to have a protective effect against the risk of depression symptoms. Further longitudinal studies on representative samples are needed to establish reliable causal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, there has been increased interest among researchers in studying the resilience of manufacturing supply chains. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in global supply chains, which have led to calls for greater resilience in these supply chains. This study provides insights into the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on supply chain resilience by conducting a multiple case study in three intertwined industries based on the dynamic capability view and the relational capability view as a theoretical underpinning. Data were collected during the pandemic in a two-stage interview process with 18 supply chain and production experts directly involved in crisis management. Internal and external documents supplemented the interviews. The results revealed seven higher-level capability groups for building resilience in intertwined supply chains during a pandemic outbreak: agility, collaboration, digital preparedness, flexible redundancy,human resource management, contingency planning, and transparency and visibility. Each capability group is supported by associated capabilities extracted from the data analysis. The findings obtained based on the results of the multiple case study are discussed, and implications for management and future research directions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of supply chain (SC) disaster readiness on SC resilience and robustness and the subsequent impact on firms’ financial performance in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities view and organisational readiness for change theory, we provide a theoretical model and assess data gathered of 398 French firms using structural equation modelling. The findings corroborate the role of SC disaster readiness in setting the stage for resilience and robustness. In addition, the results indicate the positive influence of SC resilience on financial performance; however, the effects of SC robustness on performance are not demonstrated. Based on these results, we offer theoretical and practical implications for the extant literature and provide further avenues for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused tremendous turmoil worldwide and is yet to be contained. Therefore, mitigating the number of people infected by COVID-19 remains a fundamental policy goal for several countries. This study aims to analyse the dynamic relationship between mobility and the rate of change in the number of new infections (NNIs) in Japan. Another goal is to evaluate the effects of various policies, such as mobility control and vaccination, as well as the impact of climate factors on the NNIs. The analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between the growth rate of the NNIs and mobility. Our results also indicate that the government-imposed measure of regulating mobility shows a weaker effect on preventing the spread of infection, as the emergency declaration is repeatedly invoked. By contrast, the recent increase in the infection rate seems to reduce the spread of infection by inducing voluntary restraint, and this phenomenon has become even stronger in the recent period. Regarding the effect of vaccination, the results demonstrate little effect on attenuating the spread of infection. However, it has significantly weakened the mobility – spread relationship, suggesting that it may help in the implementation of economic revitalization policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has affected the various aspects of social service delivery worldwide. Explicitly, pediatric service was affected mainly due to the travel restrictions, and children were at heightened risk due to these circumstances. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the Pediatric Clinical Practice in a Chinese children's hospital to describe and acknowledge the impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric healthcare system. For this purpose, the hospital's outpatient registration database was the primary information source, which comprises demographic data, including age, gender, city of residence, and hospital departments visited. Data on patients admitted from January 25, 2019, to April 16, 2019, were collected and used as a baseline. The results revealed that the number of pediatric visits to the case study hospital decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for 40% of that in 2019, especially during the early stage of the pandemic. The proportion of pediatric patients from outside Chongqing decreased by approximately 14% in the early stages and increased by 24% in the second and third stages, corresponding to an overall decrease of 8.5%. Accordingly, the hospital responds to COVID-19 by providing valuable information and a guiding framework to the rest of the world on how to respond to a crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020 has caused significant health crises worldwide. Countries and regions around the globe have practiced different policies to contain the pandemic. One commonly adopted strategy is the Zero-COVID policy, comprising two phases: an initial suppression phase, typically enforced through lockdowns, followed by a sustained containment phase. However, sudden and strict lockdown policies in the suppression phase would inevitably bring unexpected challenges to vulnerable populations. There is a need to identify the emergent needs of underprepared, vulnerable populations under lockdowns to inform future pandemic management. In this study, the messages posted on an online mutual help-requesting platform during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown were leveraged as the near real-time agent to represent the side effects of the lockdown policy. This work explores the spatiotemporal correlation of the posts to their potential influencing factors and mines knowledge from the textual content of the posts. The results indicate that the help requests were clustered in downtown Shanghai. The access to profuse medical resources and public services may be hindered in districts with more stringent lockdown policies. The help requests' content unveils a need for medication and groceries under lockdown. It also underscores that the elderly population was affected most by the lockdown. Based on these insights, policymakers can better anticipate and address the urgent residential needs that may arise in future lockdowns. This knowledge can contribute to more effective planning and preparedness efforts to mitigate the impact on vulnerable populations and ensure their well-being during similar crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We describe our co-design process aimed at supporting the reintegration of essential care partners into long-term care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: More specifically, using a co-design process, we describe the pre-design, generative, and evaluative phases of developing a virtual infection prevention and control course for essential care partners at our partnering long-term care home. For the evaluative phase, we also provide an overview of our findings from interviews conducted with essential care partners on the expected barriers and facilitators associated with this virtual course. Results: Results from these interviews indicated that the virtual course was viewed as comprehensive, detailed, engaging, refreshing, and reliable, and that its successful implementation would require appropriate resources and support to ensure its sustainability and sustainment. Findings from this study provide guidance for the post-design phase of our co-design process. Conclusion: Our careful documentation of our co-design process also facilitates its replication for other technological interventions and in different healthcare settings. Limitations of the present study and implications for co-designing in the context of emergent public health emergencies are explored in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a defining catastrophe for many communities across the world. This study focuses on a small, urban community in the United States at the regional epicenter of the pandemic with high rates of illness, death, financial hardships, and a halt to in-person school and services that lasted over a year. Drawing on institutional theory with a focus on environmental jolts and leadership sensemaking, we conducted a thematic analysis of 20 interviews with cross-sector community leaders, including city officials, school district administrators, directors of community-based organizations, and church leaders to evaluate how they made sense of COVID-19 disruptions and framed their responses to the environmental jolt caused by the pandemic in Spring, 2021. Findings illustrate how leaders framed the jolt as highlighting existing issues, maintained a focus on priorities and purpose pre-dating disruptions, and emphasized opportunities emerging from the crisis. We discuss how leaders engaged in sensemaking both as a form of stabilization, providing a rationale for maintaining pre-pandemic priorities, and as a way to motivate and leverage opportunity through an emphasis on the silver lining of the jolt. We close with implications of these findings for ongoing and future responses to environmental jolts and crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the educational emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic centred on student learning and safety, teachers' burnout, and teacher strikes, stories of teachers quitting the profession have left schools in crisis around the world. In this study, we use an intersectional approach to explore teacher experiences during the pandemic as 'crisis experiences.' The data presented in this study were obtained from an exploratory survey which recruited practicing PreK-12 and higher education teachers (n = 134) from 22 countries. The survey included closed- and open-ended questions related to teachers' experiences teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-sample chi-square tests showed that quantitative variables of gender, previous experience teaching and learning online, and grade-level taught were significantly related to teacher anxiety. A descriptive approach to qualitative analysis identified three axes of the crisis which affected teachers' experiences: teaching environment, teaching relationships, and systemic support. Findings show teachers had no choice or adequate time to prepare to transition online, increasing anxiety especially among women, those teaching younger grades, and those without experience teaching or learning online. Teachers' work during the pandemic should be understood as 'emergency remote teaching' which has put teachers at greater risk for burnout and departure from the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community structure analysis compared city characteristics and newspaper coverage of state/local government responses to COVID-19 in 25 major U.S. cities, sampling all 250+ word articles from 4/4/20 to 7/6/20. The resulting 588 articles were coded for "prominence" and "direction" (favorable/unfavorable/balanced-neutral coverage), then combined into each newspaper's composite "Media Vector" (range=0.3552 to −0.5197, or 0.8749). Twenty-one of 25 newspapers (84%) displayed unfavorable coverage of local COVID-19 responses. Pearson correlations and regression analysis confirmed a muscular "violated way of life" pattern, when a community perceives itself as threatened by a "biological threat or a threat to a cherished way of life." Political and belief system polarization (in particular percent Evangelical and percent voting Republican) were strongly associated with unfavorable coverage of local pandemic responses, compared to more favorable responses linked to percent voting Democratic or percent Catholic. Vulnerability (percent uninsured) was also linked to negative coverage. Conversely, two different measures of access to healthcare (percent municipal spending on health and welfare, and physicians/100,000) were significantly linked to favorable coverage of the same local government efforts. Community structure theory's grass roots "bottom up" expectations linking community demographics to variations in reporting on critical issues were robustly confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on older adults (55+) living at the mid-point of the shelter-care continuum, in seniors housing (SH) and assisted living (AL), remains largely unexplored. This study compares survey responses of SH and AL residents with those of age peers living in private conventional community-based dwellings (CD) in British Columbia, Canada. Despite more SH/AL residents reporting feelings of isolation and changes to social support access, the pandemic appears to have had a greater negative impact on the routines of CD older adults. AL residents were more likely to engage in advance care planning discussions before and since the COVID-19 outbreak. These data are important for improving response to current and future disasters across the shelter-care continuum, particularly in ways to reduce the psychosocial effects of isolation or routine disruption, and strategies to increase advance care planning engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, an increasing number of crises worldwide, triggered by climate extremes, natural and human-made hazards, the coronavirus pandemic, and more, pose a high pressure on crisis, emergency, and disaster management. Spatial data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) are key issues in the successful and immediate response to crises. This paper aims to explore the use of VGI in crisis management, including emergency and disaster management, based on a scoping review of existing literature in English for five years (2016–2020). Specifically, the research intends to answer Scoping Review Questions (SRQ) regarding the use of VGI in crisis, emergency, and disaster management, and the verified cases' spatial distribution, the VGI sources utilized (e.g. OpenStreetMap – OSM, Crowdsourcing, Twitter), the types of hazards (e.g. natural and human-made hazards, pandemic), the specific tasks in crisis, emergency or disaster management and VGI use in the management of actual crisis events, e.g. COVID-19 pandemic, Hurricane Katrina, etc. Eligible papers on VGI use in crisis, emergency, and disaster management are geolocated based on first-author affiliation, and as a result, a spatial bibliography is provided. Thus, the term Spatial Scoping Review is introduced. Scoping Review Questions are answered, and the results are analyzed and discussed. Finally, implementing the "VGICED Atlas", a web atlas, permits the publication of the research results to a broad audience and the visualization of the analysis with several interactive maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore what the travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal about the changing geographies of mobilities and the making of homo sacer, the latter constituted through differentiated control of mobilities. Implemented to protect U.S. public health, travel restrictions imposed on travelers from Mainland China during the early days of the pandemic exemplify how sovereign power that declares a state of emergency and creates bare life can be readily applied to groups of people who previously had privileged access to global mobility. In this sense, bare life does not refer to fixed and disadvantaged social categories but is rather contingently and contextually constituted, through the works of hybrid sovereign regimes. At the same time, however, these travelers are not reduced to a state of zero-agency but reside within a liminal space between soft and hard cosmopolitanisms, as they can still deploy agency and cosmopolitan capital to achieve certain degrees of mobility. By examining how Chinese travelers navigated various travel restrictions and the constantly changing policies to travel to the U.S., this paper explores new spaces of exception and forms of bare life, and argues that homo sacer is dynamically, relationally and recursively constructed, both through apparatus of control and the agency of travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, the Japanese government launched the Go To Eat campaign, a policy initiative involving the distribution of vouchers to households for use at restaurants, with the aim of supporting the food service industry, which had experienced a significant decrease in sales due to the government’s ‘self-restraint request’ during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses a nonparametric method to investigate the relationship between the Go To Eat campaign and the spread of COVID-19 in Japan by examining food service expenditures, mobility, positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, and the Indices of Industrial Production. The distribution of food service expenditures changed in October and November, when the campaign started, as well as in December, when the campaign ended. In addition, the distribution of mobility changed in January 2021, when a state of emergency was declared. The Go To Eat campaign was economically effective as a temporary subsidy, and it might have facilitated mobility in a way that was difficult to control for some time. As such, the indirect effect of the campaign on the rise in the number of positive PCR tests is undeniable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated healthcare agencies were particularly impacted early on during the COVID-19 pandemic by having to treat infected patients without interventions and vaccines. A phenomenological qualitative approach was taken to examine experiences of social workers in managerial positions handling the pandemic in these agencies. Data were collected before vaccines were authorized for emergency use. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. Data analysis followed a constant comparison strategy. Themes identified included: 1) response to the pandemic with limited information; 2) transition to remote work and telehealth; 3) management of social workers; and 4) preparation for post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative learning has documented benefits. Restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic prevented in-person collaborative experiences, therefore creating a pathway for online ones. An inter-university team previously created and published a novel framework that fosters collaborative learning for emergency/disaster preparedness and uses scenarios that attract student participation from a spectrum of disciplines. Here, we detail the implementation and evaluation of this framework in a virtual setting. Analysis of pre- and post-surveys from the virtual event revealed similar results to the previous in-person iterations. Results for both in-person and virtual events demonstrated that students had higher confidence and interest in emergency/disaster preparedness and interprofessional teamwork after participation. Implementation of this framework in a virtual setting can facilitate a positive student learning experience and inter-university collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the current status of Indian smart cities and examines their preparedness and response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The study focuses on implemented & ongoing projects under the Smart City Mission of the Government of India, which have contributed significantly to controlling the pandemic along with other channels. The study finds that modern cities in both developed and developing countries were not well-prepared to deal with the emergency situations and struggled in providing a satisfactory response during the pandemic. The analysis of primary and secondary data has shown that digital surveillance and movement control through integrated control command centers (ICCC) were the most useful projects in monitoring the COVID-19 cases. However, the lack of technology integration in smart cities hinders the effective usage of implemented projects. Thus, the study recommends integrated network-based applications that include healthcare, essential services, mobility, and movement across smart cities in India. The proposed framework is expected to provide the much-needed alignment at the policy, objective, and implementation levels of smart city framework designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on proposed a comprehensive framework for navigating the ethical dilemmas associated with risk and crisis communication (RCC). Topics include framework emphasizes ethical principles to ensure that risk communication aligns with the fundamental values of effectiveness, autonomy, and fairness; and underscore using RCC to address fear and panic, promoting rational decision-making, and avoiding reputational damage.

The article presents the discussion on systematic framework for risk and crisis communication in public health emergencies. Topics include UK's experience during COVID-19, which was marked by tensions between the devolved regional governments; and environments reveals a tradeoff between inclusivity and understandability versus effectiveness in risk and crisis communication.

Purpose: China employed a unique volunteerism system where health care providers outside of Hubei Province, the epicentre, travelled to reverse the devastation wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at its global onset. The aim is to study the unique circumstances of Chinese volunteerism in the context of continuing pandemic threats, specifically exploring the experiences of 20 Chinese nurse and physician volunteers fighting COVID-19 during the outbreak. Methods: Interviews were done through video calling. Results: Using content analysis with a hermeneutic perspective, emerging patterns showed the ways in which China's particular manifestation of volunteerism teaches us how to engage global threats of this nature. The overarching lesson, For the Good of the People, was manifested in several dynamic and overlapping themes: 1) Reaching for Professional Standards Even in Crisis; 2) Constantly Caring Through Failures and Successes; and 3) Holding Fast to the Common Good. The devastation was met by the resilience of volunteers, who overcame profound challenges managing patient care. Conclusions: Volunteerism required sacrifice and tremendous support in the form of training and administrative direction, family support, and peer collaboration. Volunteers' physical and psychosocial wellbeing was a priority. Recognizing the representative themes can help societies plan for continuing and future events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandatory requirement to work from home (WFH) during the pandemic has seen previous barriers to WFH (technology, productivity, face-to-face presence) tested and overcome. Indepth interviews with employers on their experience of managing WFH, before and during the almost three-year COVID-19 state of emergency in metropolitan Perth are reported. There has been a significant acceleration in the numbers of people who WFH part of the week and at the workplace the rest of the week. Changes to commuting patterns see employees spending more time in their local area, and changes in workspace needs have implications for future urban structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals had to adapt quickly when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in January 2020. This article analyses the organisation of the crisis management efforts of Oslo University Hospital (OUH). The analysis is based on theories that organising is a process of sensemaking, especially in the face of unexpected events. Crises stress test organisations and can highlight important decision patterns and otherwise hidden underlying logics. Theories of emergency and crisis management distinguish between anticipation and resilience. In the analyses of the OUH case, two different emergency logics, planned and ad hoc was identified. The different logics create tension in priorities and the choice of problems and solutions during the pandemic. The analysis was based on 19 in-depth interviews that took place in three clinics at OUH between December 2020 and November 2021, as well as internal audits and documents from OUH and published works. The analysis of OUH show that the resilient, ad hoc emergency logic was mostly present in the first phase of the pandemic and allowed flexibility and fast centralised decision-making. This process-based organising is particularly suitable to tackle crises but face difficulties in normal operations. To learn from past crisis management experiences and develop robust hospitals for the future, a greater awareness of the relationship between different emergency logics and sensemaking in crises is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public Health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) are the critical units to lead communications, information sharing, and resource mobilisation during national and international health emergencies, and are key components for maintaining global health security. This assessment sought to examine the coordination mechanisms between national and sub-national PHEOCs in Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Malaysia (TCLM countries) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information was collected on PHEOC structures, functions, and cross-border communications in three stages: a literature review of national PHEOC and emergency preparedness capacities; questionnaire responses from stakeholders to describe PHEOC activity at the national level; and meetings with emergency response staff in five border provinces of Thailand to assess communications between sub-national PHEOCs across country borders. The findings showed that each of the countries has demonstrated a commitment to strengthening their national PHEOCs and improving cross-border communication in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Strong existing relationships between TCLM countries assisted in activating a coordinated pandemic response, but gaps remain in efficient data sharing, workforce capacity, and the utilisation of consistent communication platforms among countries. Lessons learned from the pandemic can be used to further strengthen countries' preparedness for future health emergencies, in line with International Health Regulations (2005) and regional plans to build health security in the Southeast Asia region. This assessment provides TCLM countries with the opportunity to address weaknesses in national and international PHEOC capacities. It may be used alongside existing guidelines to prepare the region for a stronger response to future global and regional health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has completely disrupted and possibly permanently changed the way humans travel. In Puerto Rico, major travel restrictions to the island have persisted at different levels since March 2020, which heavily influenced residents' travel behaviors. However, it remains unclear about how big the impact is and how inequitable it might be. The goal of this study is to evaluate COVID-19's impacts on Puerto Rican's travel behaviors by analyzing travel flows from Puerto Rico to the contiguous US with a modified gravity model. The roles of socioeconomic factors regarding the Puerto Rican travelers and COVID-19 factors regarding the destination US states have been assessed. COVID-19 was a strong deterring factor of travel at the beginning of the pandemic and also in the winter of 2020, but it did not keep Puerto Ricans from traveling during the summer 2020 when most travel restrictions were lifted. We found that the elderly population of Puerto Rico, despite being more vulnerable to COVID-19, were much more likely to travel during the pandemic. We also found that, during the holiday season in 2020, some socioeconomically disadvantaged populations were more likely to be traveling, a direct contradiction to their travel flows the year prior. These findings shed light on about how disproportionately affected populations behavior changed from pre-pandemic to after the pandemic started. With the continuance of the pandemic, this information is extremely valuable for future planning with respect to emergency management, travel regulation, and social benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic, a first in many generations disaster, has highlighted gaps globally among graduated social work providers. This qualitative study of (N = 12) inpatient social workers who provided care during the pandemic, strives to suggest specific disaster-related content to inform the MSW curricula. Thematic analysis suggested including: 1) self-care in a prolonged disaster; 2) responding to nuances of the job; 3) expansion and integration of practicum specialties; 4) preparing for the effects of another pandemic; 5) advocating for yourself; and 6) the public's view of social workers. Findings could potentially inform the content that is taught to MSW students post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors that affected health profession students' emergency transition during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore strategies that may help students be better prepared for any future health crises. Participants: This study population included 73 students that were originally enrolled in one online section (n = 49) and one face-to-face section (n = 24) of a healthcare administration course before the transition. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted and the anonymous survey data were analyzed using SPSS and a Man-Whitney U test. Results: Of the 73 students, 48 completed the survey, with a response rate of 66% (48/73). There was a statistically significant difference in the perceived COVID-19 impact (z=-3.339, p = 0.001) and difficulty transitioning during the pandemic (3–2.142, p = 0.032) between both groups. The top three hindering factors were stress and anxiety, difficulty focusing on studying at home, and time management due to uncertainty. Conclusions: The study findings suggest strategies that may help students with adequate knowledge and capabilities in managing stress, anxiety, and unprecedented challenges in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant demands on teachers. After the state of emergency was lifted, schools reopened and teachers began teaching face-to-face classes while maintaining safety precautions. Insufficient empirical research has examined the situation of teachers since the schools reopened. This study aimed to assess the association between coping resources (resilience and social support) and psychological outcomes (loneliness, depression) among teachers using cross-sectional assessment data from 250 Israeli schoolteachers during the fifth wave of the pandemic in Israel (January 2022). The findings show that depression and loneliness were negatively associated with resilience and social support, while fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with depression and loneliness. Multiple regression models were significant, explaining 37% of the variance in depression and 29% of the variance in loneliness. Further research is needed to explore the impact of coping resources on psychological outcomes to improve teachers' emotional well-being during emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantive body of work in project studies argues that an "information flow" lens is very useful in exploring the project management of construction. This paper posits that this is even more applicable to disaster construction projects and, furthermore, lean information flow may play a role in swiftly delivering the disaster construction project. The paper uses the qualitative empirics of the delivery of the UK's Covid surge hospital projects to demonstrate that lean information flows were employed in these projects and assisted in enabling delivery at speed. The paper also describes the autopoietic governance conditions that are necessary for lean information flows to flourish in disaster construction projects and the role that trust may play in these conditions. It warns against some of the drawbacks in enabling lean communication through autopoietic governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters have always occurred in libraires, generally confined to regional areas, or singular buildings. However, COVID-19 has affected libraries across the globe. This research looks at the effect COVID-19 had on libraries' in the United States disaster planning. It seeks to understand if disaster plans were created in preparation or created in response to a disaster. This research showed that even as the COVID-19 pandemic continued, libraries were beginning to discuss revising their disaster plans to reflect the lessons learned. However, it is too soon to know the lasting impact that the pandemic will have on disaster planning in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spring 2020, the New York Army and Air National Guard (NYNG) rapidly deployed to New York City (NYC) to assist in the recovery, processing, and transport of COVID-19 decedents. This study reports on a survey conducted by NYNG service members three to six months post-mission (n = 177). Data showed that there was a dose–response relationship between mission stress exposure and decremented mental health, but certain activities were associated with better mental health outcomes. The paper also reviews resources provided by behavioral health personnel to support service members during the mission and lessons learned to inform future decedent recovery missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased physician burnout beyond high baseline levels. We aimed to determine whether pandemicrelated factors contribute to physician burnout beyond known organizational factors. This was a cross-sectional survey of Canadian physicians using a convenience sample. Eligible participants included any physician currently holding a license to practice in Canada. Responses were gathered from May 13 to 12 June 2020. Risk factors measured included the newly developed Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Scale (PEPS) subscales, contact with virus, pandemic preparation, and provincial caseload. The primary outcome was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The primary outcome was completed by 309 respondents. Latent profile analysis found 107 (34.6%) respondents were burned out. In multivariate analysis, exhaustion was independently associated with PEPS adequacy, risk perception, and worklife subscales (adjusted R2 = 0.236, P < 0.001). Cynicism was associated with exhaustion, and PEPS worklife (adjusted R2 = 0.543, P < 0.001). Efficacy was associated with cynicism, PEPS worklife, and active cases (adjusted R2 = 0.152, P < 0.001). Structural equation modelling showed statistically significant direct paths between PEPS areas of worklife and all MBI subscales. Contact with virus, preparation, and PEPS risk perception added to the prediction of MBI exhaustion. Among a sample of Canadian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, adequacy of resources, risk perception, and quality of worklife were associated with burnout indices. To mitigate physician burnout organizations should work to improve working conditions, ensure adequate resources, and foster perceived control of risk of transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Medical students providing support to clinical teams during Covid-19 may have been an opportunity for service and learning. We aimed to understand why the reported educational impact has been mixed to inform future placements. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students at UK medical schools during the first Covid-19 'lockdown' period in the UK (March–July 2020). Analysis was informed by the conceptual framework of service and learning. 1245 medical students from 37 UK medical schools responded. 57% of respondents provided clinical support across a variety of roles and reported benefits including increased preparedness for foundation year one compared to those who did not (p < 0.0001). However, not every individual's experience was equal. For some, roles complemented the curriculum and provided opportunities for clinical skill development, reflection, and meaningful contribution to the health service. For others, the relevance of their role to their education was limited; these roles typically focused on service provision, with few opportunities to develop. The conceptual framework of service and learning can help explain why student experiences have been heterogeneous. We highlight how this conceptual framework can be used to inform clinical placements in the future, in particular the risks, benefits, and structures. Practice points There was a benefit for most students who provided clinical support compared to those who did not during Covid-19. Most students found clinical support roles more beneficial than clinical placements and most final years wanted their final year clinical placements replaced by a formal role within a clinical team. Not every student's experience of clinical support was equal. The conceptual framework of service and learning can help explain this heterogeneity. The most beneficial roles for students complemented the curriculum and provided opportunities for clinical skill development, reflective practice, and meaningful contribution to the health service. There is an added benefit of combining service and learning if done correctly, and we can use this to inform the structure of clinical placements going forwards. However, there are risks, and we discuss principles of good practice and provide our own considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 "Corona" virus which spread across the entire world infected 228 Countries and Territories around the world and a total of 608,334,993 confirmed cases of the coronavirus COVID-19 that originated from Wuhan, China, and a death toll of 6,496,836 deaths. In the United States, it affected more than 9.4 million people. This has changed the entire lifestyle of the people and schools and colleges were shut down from 16th March 2020 onwards. This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on social work education, and the psychological and sociological aspects of the community in Louisiana. Data was collected using an online a 15 -item questionnaire that was emailed to all the students studying at the Louisiana Christian University, Louisiana State. Findings revealed that there is a need for advanced preparedness plans and resources to face sudden epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges for scholars and government officials to predict people's evacuation decisions under a conflicting natural disaster. In this study, we examined households' evacuation and shelter intentions given the potential conflicts between the perceived risks from a hurricane and the coexisting public health crisis. We surveyed households living inside hurricane evacuation zones in Florida during the 2020 hurricane season. Data were first used to examine the evacuation and shelter intentions before and during the pandemic. We then measured respondents' hurricane and COVID-19 risk perception, respectively. The impacts of both risk perceptions on respondents' hurricane evacuation intentions were explored. We found that when people felt unsafe to stay home for a Category 2, 3, or 4 hurricane, their intended evacuation was about the same before and during the pandemic regardless of their COVID-19 risk perception. The COVID-19 risk perception, however, significantly lowered the evacuation intention for a Category 1 hurricane. It also significantly influenced evacuees' preference for nontraditional shelters such as government-contracted hotels. The results of our study have practical implications for emergency management and public health governance. Our study also provides insights into decision-making under the conflict between natural hazards and infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated shortcomings in the ability of community hospitals in the United States to respond to crises of this nature. This has led to questions about the effectiveness of community hospital disaster preparedness. A study of hospital preparedness in New York State in 2017 revealed a number of barriers to preparedness. Among the most significant are economic barriers, given that disaster preparedness is not a reimbursable cost like patient care. The economic challenges have been exacerbated by a decline in federal disaster preparedness funding in recent years. Reflecting on previous writings, the author provides several options for overcoming these barriers to ensure hospitals are better prepared for future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study reports on critical aspects of utilizing over one million dollars in emergency funding during a two-year library closure. It also discusses the impact of federal emergency funding on the operations of an academic library during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications for including financial priorities in disaster preparedness plans. Little research exists regarding libraries' response to emergency funding. One of the advantages of examining the impact of the pandemic on library responses is the ability to create a plan for future disasters and emergency funding for collection development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the coronavirus pandemic struck the United States, the country demonstrated significant shortfalls in preparedness and response. Diagnostic testing came late and was inadequate. Desperate for ventilators and personal protective equipment, states were thrust into a chaotic competition over the limited supplies. The network of federal, state, and local officials who had trained together on how to respond to a pandemic was torn as the Trump administration created the Coronavirus Task Force. And to top it off, the federal government had failed for decades to develop an efficient and well-resourced biodefense system to monitor and respond to biological threats like a pandemic virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of 'class strategies' in policy formation is sometimes unseen as plans are unrealised in practice over long periods of historical time. 'Subterranean class strategies' are an extension of existing work on class to consider 'class work' on policy in the 'long unenacted'. Using the example of emergency feeding in a national crisis, the stark difference in school meal planning for post-World War 2 emergencies when compared to the COVID-19 crisis is discussed. Through an analysis of archival records, it is shown that 'subterranean class strategies' - the devaluation of school catering expertise by the army and the private sector, the lack of co-operation of independent schools, and localisation and privatisation - diminished the role of schools in emergency feeding. The paper concludes by considering how the concept of 'subterranean class strategies' could inform work on educational think tanks, privatisation and subsumption, and intersectional areas such as race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of any government's efforts to sustainably reduce the risk of and/or manage disasters depends to a large extent on the people's knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of the risk posed by the disaster. This study assessed the government and communities of Botswana's response to the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19). The survey utilised a stratified three-stage probability sampling design to select respondents according to strata constituting primary sampling units (PSUs). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences between respondents' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of COVID-19 according to their localities (urban, villages and rural areas). Results show that even though Botswana was not prepared for a national public health disaster of the magnitude of COVID-19, its timely adoption of the disease preventive strategy seems to have weathered the storm for some time (66% urban, 64.9% villages, 37.1% remote areas; p < 0.003). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study explores Florida's emergency management response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework and transboundary crisis literature, this article identifies how state attributes, institutions, multi-sector stakeholders, and their interactions may have influenced the state's response to the pandemic. Findings from the content analyses of government policies, documents, and news reports indicate that some aspects of Florida's response were politically motivated, inflexible, and driven by a small circle of advisors, often ignoring expert opinions and the needs of uniquely vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the findings indicate that public health departments had sidelined locally-controlled emergency management departments. This research offers insight into effective decision-making practices during the response phase of a pandemic and contributes knowledge to the literature in emergency management and public administration focusing on transboundary crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCW) toward the COVID-19 pandemic influence their preparedness to accept the preventative measures. This study investigates KAP toward COVID-19 among the HCWs working in two designated COVID hospitals. It was a cross-sectional study. The overall KAP scores were calculated, and the difference in mean scores among various demographic and other variables was tested using t-test and one-way ANOVA. The participants were knowledgeable about transmission modes and disease symptoms and were aware of the preventive measures like hand sanitisations for 96% and 91% for wearing masks. Among the knowledgeable group, 87% were aware of the control measures of COVID-19 infection like isolation and treatment of the infected; quarantine of their close contacts; and 92% had the acquaintance about the avoidance of public transport and crowded places as a safety measure. The HCWs also showed a positive attitude toward keeping distance and staying at home (81.13% strongly agreed) and regularly washing hands (agreed 91%). The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of the study participants were 19.67(±1.85), 27.95(1.81) and 4.61(0.51), respectively. Nurses were found to have significantly better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 than laboratory technicians and pharmacists. HCWs having higher education levels were also found to have better knowledge about COVID-19. The majority of the HCWs who participated in the study also strongly agreed that the referred hospitals are well prepared for infection prevention and control (IPC). Better knowledge, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 may considerably decrease the risk of getting the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is evident there is an urgent need for tourism companies to build highly responsive learning systems to adapt to COVID-19 threats and beyond. As such, only learning tourism companies that promote inquiry, challenging current actions, and departing away from adopted assumptions will be able to survive. However, there is paucity of studies exploring effective learning methods in tourism companies to adapt to unpredictable crisis consequences. This study argues that systems thinking approach for service delivery design can operationalize double loop learning in tourism companies of finding alternative service offerings. An exploratory case study was conducted in a leading cruise group company in Vietnam. Results show that systems thinking activated double-loop learning by promoting three different drivers: systematic judges and acts, problem-based task force teams, and service innovation. This paper theorizes systems thinking with double-loop learning as an organizational means to help tourism companies survive during COVID-19 global tragedy, and to transform their service offerings. It also extends current understanding of tourism companies' organisational learning by incorporating double loop learning with structural design issues based on the lens of organic structures and introduces managers of tourism companies to the significance of organic structures for competitive advantage creation during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically reviews whether the hierarchical system or intercrisis learning can be sufficient to understand Korea's COVID-19 responses. Our case study suggests that a Korean response system is a hybrid form that uses a hierarchical structure together with a network approach. To unveil theoretical models of how learning may occur and evolve during a crisis, we employ a policy learning model combining the network perspective and the four Cs model (cognition, communication, coordination, and control). We analyse the change in government manuals, response policies, and agenda streams observed in government documents. This analysis reveals far more complex interactions among actors and policies, both flexible and rigid at different phases of COVID-19. On top of policy learning, we conclude that it is necessary to rediscover the power of citizen voluntary responses and collaboration among actors of the response network through value change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 struck the world violently and cause negative psychological consequences on health professionals. The preparedness of social workers for the pandemic is critical while facing these challenges and pressures. The study aimed to explore what are the roles of demographic, employment, and proximity to Covid-19 in predicting preparedness for the next wave of COVID among social workers in Taiwan. A total of 158 participants were conveniently sampled and multiple regression, univariate analysis, and two-way ANOVA were conducted. The results demonstrated that the demographic and employment variables significantly predicted preparedness, and there were significant differences among demographics on preparedness and an interaction effect between seniority and age. Consequently, middle-aged social workers with junior seniority years may have more difficulties in their preparation for the current situation. The implication of our findings is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]