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Two new compounds ( 1 - 2 ), together with six known ones ( 3-8 ), were isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data analysis. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-8 were determined using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 2, 6, and 8 showed the most potent inhibitory activities on NO production with IC 50 values of 17.34 ± 1.5, 27.22 ± 1.3, and 14.79 ± 1.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 4 and 7 showed moderate inhibitory activities. Compounds 3 and 5 showed relatively weak inhibitory activities.

Twenty-one compounds were isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai, including two new compounds ( 1 and 3 ), a new artificial product ( 2 ) and eighteen known compounds ( 4-21 ). Compounds 4-9 and 11-20 were isolated from Santalaceae for the first time. In this paper, compounds' structures identified by NMR spectroscopy and compare their data with those in the literature. Meanwhile, all compounds were assessed for cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells, revealing that compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC 50 value 6.70 ± 2.12 μM.

Three new compounds 1-glyceryl 9( β ), 10( α ), 11( β )-trihydroxy-12( Z )-octadecenoate, 2' S -20- O - p -hydroxyphenylpropionyloxy-20-hyd-roxyarachidic acid glycerol ester ( 2 ), 3- O - α -l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)- β -d-glucopyranoside of ethyl (3 S )-hydroxybutanoate ( 3 ), as well as a new natural product ( 4 ) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum virginianum L. The structures of 26 compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculation, chemical methods, and comparisons of spectroscopic data. Compounds 2 and 16 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory model with IC 50 values of 16.75 ± 1.54 and 22.43 ± 2.01  μ M, respectively.

A phytochemical investigation on the 70% EtOH extract of the fruit of Acanthpanax senticosu s resulted in the isolation of three new triterpenoids, Falcatane C ( 1 ), Acasentrioid F ( 2 ), Acasentrioid G ( 3 ) together with twenty-seven known ones ( 4 - 30 ). Structural elucidation of all the compounds was performed by spectral methods such as 1D or 2D ( 1 H- 1 H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, all compounds were evaluated for their effects on H 2 O 2 -induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Ycells. Compounds 13 and 15 showed significant neuroprotective impact at a specific concentration, and compounds 1 , 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 13-15 , 17 , 20-21 , 23-25 , 27 , 29-30 showed moderate neuroprotective effect. The current study suggests that triterpenes in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr.) Harms may play an essential role in the neuroprotective properties.

Three new steroids (1-3) and 13 reported analogs (4-16) were extracted from Datura metel L. pericarps. Structure analysis of these extracted compounds was performed by 1 D-NMR and 2 D-NMR spectroscopy, and their spectra were compared with those of similar compounds previously described in the literature. The extracted steroids (1-3) and known compounds (4-16) were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 5 , 7 , 9 , 12 and 15 showed potential anti-inflammatory activity with IC 50 less than 35 μM, while compounds 3 and 11 showed weak anti-inflammatory activity with IC 50 less than 100 μM.

Four new sesquiterpenoids, dstramonins A-D ( 1-4 ), and one new natural product ( 5 ), together with three known compounds ( 6-8 ), were isolated from the leaves of Datura stramonium L. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature. The cytotoxicity of isolates against LN229 cells was assessed and compounds 2 - 4 , and 7 displayed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values ranging from 8.03 to 13.83  μ M.

Sixteen triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., including a new triterpenoid saponin and new natural saponin that was characterised by NMR for the first time, along with 14 known triterpenoid saponins. The structures of the compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-ESI-MS, and comparison with the literature. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds against 4T1 cells was determined using the CCK8 method. Compounds 9 and 6 showed the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values of 2.75 ± 0.86 and 3.78 ± 0.50 μM, respectively. Compounds 2-5 and 8 showed potent cytotoxic activity. Compounds 14 and 16 showed moderate cytotoxicity.

Two novel phenylpropanoid amides, namely huomarenamide A ( 1 ) and huomarenamide B ( 2 ), along with twelve known compounds ( 3 - 14 ), were isolated from the seeds of Cannabis sativa L. The structures with absolute configurations of new compounds were unequivocally determined by spectroscopic analyses and the ECD method. The identification of the known compounds was based on a comparison of their 1D NMR data with literature references. All compounds were assessed for cytotoxic activity against LN229 cells, revealing that compounds 2 , 13 , and 14 exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC 50 values ranging from 9.02 to 21.26 μM.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk resulted in the isolation of twelve coumarin derivatives including one new 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin ( 1 ) and eleven known 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins ( 2-12 ). Structural elucidation of compounds 1-12 was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra referring to the literature, together with high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was used to determine the potential antiinflammation activity of all the isolated compounds in vitro . The results showed that compound 3 significantly inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO in macrophages (IC 50 = 4.54 ± 1.71 μM), more active than the positive control (L-NMMA).

Two new compounds ( 1 and 2 ), along with thirty-one known compounds ( 3 - 33 ) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum . The structure of isolates was elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and the physicochemical methods. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of isolates was determined using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results of anti-inflammatory assays indicated that most isolated compounds ( 3, 4 , 6 , 8 - 14 , 17-20 , and 30 ) possessed significant nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC 50 values ranging from 14.33 to 48.55  μ M.

Two new quinoline alkaloids ( 1 - 2 ) together with twenty-two known alkaloids ( 3 - 24 ) were isolated and identified from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Compounds 6 - 7 , 9 , 11 , 15 - 16 , 19 and 24 were isolated from D. dasycarpus for the first time. The structures of all compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS). The anti-proliferative activity was mediated by the arrest of three human cancer cell lines (SW982, HepG2 and A549) of all the compounds that were evaluated by CCK-8 assay.

Three undescribed schinortriterpenoids, schinensilactones D-F ( 1-3 ), together with five known ones, namely, wuweizidilactone A ( 4 ), wuweizidilactone C ( 5 ), wuweizidilactone F ( 6 ), wuweizidilactone J ( 7 ) and wuweizidilactone N ( 8 ), were isolated from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. The structures of new compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data including MS, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against H 2 O 2 -induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. Cell viability was remarkably reduced to 52.33% in H 2 O 2 -treated cells. Compounds 5 - 7 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activities at 50  μ M, with cell viability of 64.84%, 67.34% and 63.73%, respectively.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of epileptic treatment of the aerial part of Bupleurum chinense DC. in kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy rats and LPS-induced BV2 cells, as well as to identify the active chemical constituents. The in vivo and vitro results showed that 20% ethanol elution fractions of the aerial part of B. chinense DC. (BCE-20) and 70% ethanol elution fractions of the aerial part of B. chinense DC. (BCE-70) could improve the epileptic state of the rats and status epilepticus (SE%). Moreover, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-Orbitrap- mass spectrometry (MS) analysis identified BCE-20 and 70 as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, respectively. The mechanistic analysis also showed that BCE-20 and 70 could regulate neurotransmitter abnormalities and suppresses the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, BCE-20 and 70 could regulate the Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)/nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB)/inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) pathway to inhibit the neuroinflammation. Our findings support the ethnopharmacological use of the constituent polyphenols and flavonoids from the aerial part of B. chinense DC., as the strong anti-epileptic agents.

Four new secoiridoids, syrretoside A ( 1 ), syrretoside B ( 2 ), 5 β , 8 β -syrretaglucone C( 3 ), 5 β , 8 α -syrretaglucone C ( 4 ), together with eight known secoiridoids ( 5 - 12 ), were isolated from the stem barks of Syringa reticulata (Bl.) Hara. The structures of isolated compounds were established based on the physical and chemical means, NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and circular dichroism spectrum (CD), as well as in comparison with the literature. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was investigated using CCK8 assay, which showed that these compounds had different degrees of inhibitory effect on two human tumor (MGC803, LN229) cell lines.

Three new sesquiterpenoid alkaloids, cangorin K ( 1 ), dimacroregelines C ( 2 ) and D ( 3 ), as well as two known sesquiterpenoids ( 4 - 5 ), were isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. The structures of new compounds were characterised by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as HRESIMS data, and the known compounds were established by 1 D NMR spectra referring to the literatures. Cytotoxicity evaluation of these compounds against two human tumour lines (SMMC7721, LN229) was investigated by CCK-8 assay and displayed that compounds 1 - 4 showed potent cytotoxicity against SMMC7721 cell with IC 50 value in the range of 0.26-9.67 μΜ and compounds 1 - 5 showed potent cytotoxicity against LN-229 cell with IC 50 values in the range of 0.50-7.38 μΜ.

Two new acyclic sesquiterpenoids ( 1-2 ) and fourteen known monocyclic monoterpenoids ( 3-16 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Clematis chinensis Osbeck. All compounds were isolated from C. chinensis for the first time. The structures of all compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1 D, 2 D NMR and HRESIMS). In-vitro cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and Ishikawa) of all the compounds were evaluated by CCK-8 assay.

Four new polyacetylene substances, sadivaethynes A-D, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk using repeated column chromatography. Structural elucidation of compounds 1-4 was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra referring to the literature, together with high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines (MGC-803, Ishikawa) in vitro .

Three new compounds ( 1-3 ), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Solanum melongena L., together with twenty-seven knowns ( 4-30 ). On basis of their 1 D and 2 D NMR data, the chemical structures of islated compounds were elucidated combined with HR-MS and the relative values in literatures. In addition, the isolations were evaluated for the potential anti-inflammatory activity, by virtue of RAW 264.7 cells model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)in vitro inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 12 and 21 showed moderate inhibition of NO production with IC 50 values of 32.8 and 20.2 μM, respectively.

Seven new glycosides ( 1-7 ) and seventeen known analogues ( 8-24 ) were isolated from the leaves of Datura metel L. The structures of these compounds were all elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature values. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against Hela, MGC-803, Ishikawa cell lines and compounds 6, 7, 14-17 and 24 exhibited different degrees of antiproliferative effects.

Two new alkaloids named Melongenamides H-I ( 1 - 2 ), together with twenty-one known compounds ( 3 - 23 ), were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the sepals of Solanum melongena L. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by comparing their spectroscopic and physical data with values from the published literatures. All the isolated compounds were evaluated the cytotoxicity against three human canner lines (Hela, Ishikawa and MGC-803) by CCK8 assay.

A new sesquiterpenoid glycoside, consisting of one vetispirane-type, dmetelisproside A ( 1 ), together with two known megastigmane sesquiterpenoids, citroside A ( 2 ) and staphylionoside D ( 3 ) were isolated from the leaves of Datura metel L. The structures were determined by analysis of their MS and NMR data as well as by comparison with literature values. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity toward SGC-7901, Hepg2, HeLa, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, and anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro . Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 and HeLa cells with IC 50 values in the range of 21.43 to 29.51 μm. All three compounds displayed potential effects against NO production with IC 50 values of 31.10, 34.25, and 44.31 μm, respectively. Thus, these isolated compounds in the leaves of Datura metel L were subjected to bioactivity substances for future studies on medicinal application.