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Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge, Tibetan name 'Yajima,' growing in the highlands of China is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Chrysosplenium Saxifragaceae. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used to treat digestive diseases for hundreds of years. The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium nudicaule is 152,775 bp in length and comprises two inverted repeats (IR, 25,962 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC, 83,533 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,318 bp). It harbors 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the rpl32 gene was deleted. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 37.54%. This chloroplast genome resource will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of C. nudicaule in the future., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss. is a deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Halimodendron , Leguminosae, and is mainly distributed in dry areas. This species can be used for saline-alkali soil improvement and sand fixation. The complete plastid genome of H. halodendron first reported here is 129,342 bp in length, and contains 110 genes, including 76 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 105 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Halimodendron halodendron in the future., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Angelica , Umbelliferae. As a plant with dual-purpose as food and medicine, it has the potential for the future development of high-value functional products. The complete chloroplast genome has a total size of 147,007 bp, consisting of two inverted repeats (IR, 18,508 bp, each), and separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 92,415 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,576 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes (80 PCG species), 36 tRNA genes (30 tRNA species), and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). A total of 83 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This chloroplast genome resource will be useful for the study of the evolution and genetic diversity of Angelica keiskei in the future., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim. and Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. were reported in this study. The chloroplast genomes were 153,460 bp for C. ramosum and 152,619 bp for C. alternifolium . LSC and SSC of 83,670 bp and 17,342 bp were separated by two IRs of 26,224 bp each in C. ramosum . While C. alternifolium contained IRs of 25,992 bp, LSC of 83,524 bp and SSC of 17,111 bp. The chloroplast genome of C. ramosum contains 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. And the chloroplast genome of C. alternifolium contains 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the rps12 gene was recognized as a trans-spliced gene and 17 intron-containing genes were also detected., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv. and Chrysosplenium flagelliferum Fr. Schmidt. were reported in this study. The chloroplast genomes were 152,837 bp for C. macrophyllum and 151,679 bp for C. flagelliferum . LSC and SSC of 83,584 bp and 17,265 bp were separated by two IRs of 25,994 bp each in C. macrophyllum . While C. flagelliferum contained IRs of 25,973 bp, LSC of 82,772 bp and SSC of 16,961 bp, for a total 151,679 bp length. The chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium macrophyllum contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (78 PCG species), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), 37 transfer RNA genes (30 tRNA species). And the chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium flagelliferum contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (78 PCG species), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), 37 transfer RNA genes (30 tRNA species)., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Objectives : To investigate the effect of purmorphamine (PUR), a Shh co-receptor Smoothened (Smo) agonist, on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) rat models. Methods : Eighteen-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intramedullary fixation of a tibial fracture with 7% chloral hydrate anesthesia to mimic human clinical surgery. PUR was administered via an intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 15mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days at 6 h after surgery. The aged rats were sacrificed after performing a Morris water maze test 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively to evaluate the expression of related proteins at the appointed time. Results : Compared to the POCD + vehicle group and sham + PUR group, the POCD + PUR group restored neurological deficit (P = 0.01). PUR administration induced upregulation of Shh expression on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.02), which continued on the third day (P = 0.008) but dropped by the 7th day (P = 0.03). Immunofluorescent analysis, similar to western blot analysis, showed a significant increase in the autophagy-marker LC3 (P = 0.006) as well as p62 degradation (P = 0.000) in the dentate gyrus of the aged rats (P = 0.000) after PUR treatment. Importantly, LC3 was mainly found in the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes of the hippocampus. Conclusions : These results indicate a link between Shh and autophagy in the rat model of POCD, providing new insights into Shh signaling pathway-mediated mechanisms of neuroprotection and cognitive repair after POCD. It also provides a potential entry point for the development of clinical drugs.