1. Chemokine switch regulated by TGF-β1 in cancer-associated fibroblast subsets determines the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy.
- Author
-
Vienot A, Pallandre JR, Renaude E, Viot J, Bouard A, Spehner L, Kroemer M, Abdeljaoued S, van der Woning B, de Haard H, Loyon R, Hervouet E, Peixoto P, and Borg C
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunotherapy methods, Chemokines therapeutic use, Tumor Microenvironment, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts pathology, Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Combining immunogenic cell death-inducing chemotherapies and PD-1 blockade can generate remarkable tumor responses. It is now well established that TGF-β1 signaling is a major component of treatment resistance and contributes to the cancer-related immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, whether TGF-β1 remains an obstacle to immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy when immunotherapy is combined with chemotherapy is still to be determined. Several syngeneic murine models were used to investigate the role of TGF-β1 neutralization on the combinations of immunogenic chemotherapy (FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) and anti-PD-1. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells were isolated from CT26 and PancOH7 tumor-bearing mice treated with FOLFOX, anti-PD-1 ± anti-TGF-β1 for bulk and single cell RNA sequencing and characterization. We showed that TGF-β1 neutralization promotes the therapeutic efficacy of FOLFOX and anti-PD-1 combination and induces the recruitment of antigen-specific CD8
+ T cells into the tumor. TGF-β1 neutralization is required in addition to chemo-immunotherapy to promote inflammatory CAF infiltration, a chemokine production switch in CAF leading to decreased CXCL14 and increased CXCL9/10 production and subsequent antigen-specific T cell recruitment. The immune-suppressive effect of TGF-β1 involves an epigenetic mechanism with chromatin remodeling of CXCL9 and CXCL10 promoters within CAF DNA in a G9a and EZH2-dependent fashion. Our results strengthen the role of TGF-β1 in the organization of a tumor microenvironment enriched in myofibroblasts where chromatin remodeling prevents CXCL9/10 production and limits the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy., Competing Interests: CB declares research grant from Roche, Bayer and advisory board for MSD, Sanofi, Bayer. All other authors report no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF