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Background: The thyroid gland is an important endocrine gland in animals that secretes thyroid hormones and acts on various organs throughout the body. lncRNAs are long non-coding RNAs that play an important role in animal reproduction; however, there is a lack of understanding of their expression patterns and potential roles in the thyroid gland of the Small Tail Han (STH) sheep. In this study, we used RNA-Seq technology to examine the transcriptome expression pattern of the thyroid from the luteal phase (LP) and follicular phase (FP) of FecB BB (MM) STH sheep., Results: We identified a total of 122 and 1287 differential expression lncRNAs (DELs) and differential expression mRNAs (DEGs), respectively, which were significantly differentially expressed. These DELs target genes and DEGs can be enriched in several signalling pathways related to the animal reproduction process., Conclusions: The expression profiles of DELs and DEGs in thyroid glands provide a more comprehensive resource for elucidating the reproductive regulatory mechanisms of STH sheep.

The thyroid gland is an important endocrine gland in animals, which mainly secretes thyroid hormones and acts on various organs of the body. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in animal reproduction. However, there is still a lack of understanding of their expression patterns and potential roles in the thyroid of Small Tail Han (STH) sheep. In this study, RNA-seq was used to examine the transcriptome expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the follicular phase (ww_FT) and luteal phase (ww_LT) in FecB ++ genotype STH Sheep. A total of 17,217 lncRNAs and 39,112 mRNAs were identified including 96 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 1054 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs). Functional analysis of genes with significant differences in expression level showed that these genes could be enriched in Ras signalling pathway, hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and other signalling pathways related to animal reproduction. In addition, through correlation analysis for lncRNA-mRNA co-expression and network construction, we found that LNC_009115 and LNC_005796 trans target NIK-related kinase ( NRK ) and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease ( PARN ). LNC_007189 and LNC_002045 trans target progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 ( PIBF1 ), LNC_009013 trans targets small mothers against decapentaplegic ( SMAD1 ) are related to animal reproduction. These genes add new resources for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of reproduction in sheep with different reproductive cycles of the FecB ++ genotype STH sheep.