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Onshore oil well drill cuttings and sunflower cake from biodiesel production require an appropriate destination to reduce the risks of environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the combination of different doses of these wastes on the growth of sunflower plants ( Helianthus annus L.) and on soil chemical attributes after cultivation, making it possible to recommend safe application doses. Sunflower plants, cultivar Neon, were cultivated in a greenhouse for 80 days in Planossolo Háplico (Ultisol) as the main substrate. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6 × 6 factorial arrangement, composed of five doses of sunflower cake (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha -1 ) and five doses of drill cuttings (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha -1 ) and an experimental control using only Ultisol After cultivation, soil chemical attributes and the parameters height (H), stem diameter (D), and dry mass (DMAP) and nutrient contents in the aerial part of the plants were analyzed. Sunflower cake dose of 32 Mg ha -1 limited the germination of sunflower plants. In sunflower plants, the highest contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were verified when the sunflower cake doses were associated with drill cuttings doses >45 Mg ha -1 . The mixture between sunflower cake and drill cuttings in the proportion of 16:45 Mg ha -1 , respectively, promoted higher H, D and DMAP of sunflower plants, as well as a considerable improvement in soil fertility, without causing significant increments in sodium content in the soil after cultivation. Highlights Inadequate disposal of agro-industrial wastes represents loss of raw material and energy.Drill cuttings and sunflower cake wastes enable improvements in soil fertility attributes.The combination of sunflower cake and drill cuttings contributed to sunflower growth and nutrient contents.The mixture of drill cuttings and sunflower cake has potential for use as agricultural input.

Context: Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1→6)-β-d-glucan of molecular weight >1.4 × 10 6  Da produced by MMPI strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Brotyosphaeriaceae) is known to exhibit anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7), anticoagulant activity when sulfonylated, and reduction in transaminase activity when administered in rats., Objective: The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) injection of lasiodiplodan on neurotoxicity and behavioural changes induced by d-penicillamine was investigated., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially separated in groups of six and treated with 0.15 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and d-Pen) and 0.01 μg/μL of lasiodiplodan (Groups Las and Las + d-Pen). After 15 min, they received 6 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and Las) and 2 μmol/μL of d-penicillamine (Groups d-Pen and Las + d-Pen). The animal behavior was observed in an open-field test for 60 min. Twenty-four h later, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production measurements were performed., Results: Lasiodiplodan prevented neurotoxicity induced by d-penicillamine significantly reducing the production of TBARS (308%; p < 0.05), and behavioural signs; convulsive and pre-convulsive. No histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex were observed., Discussion and Conclusion: The reduction of TBARS production and convulsive episodes suggests that the protector effect provided by lasiodiplodan passes thought an antioxidant path, possibly interfering in a cascade of neurochemical events, triggering cell death and convulsive episodes. These results demonstrated that lasiodiplodan can be effective in treating neurotoxicity, and reducing damage triggered by convulsions in neuropathies related to GABAergic system.

Context: Chronic stress results from repeated exposure to one or more types of stressors over a period, ranging from days to months, and can be associated with physical, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Some physiological alterations resulting from chronic stress can potentially cause deficits on spatial learning and memory., Objective: This study investigated the effects of chronic variable stress (CVS) and administration of l-arginine and creatine on spatial memory in rats. Furthermore, body, heart, adrenal weight, and plasma glucose and corticosterone levels were analyzed., Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to a CVS model for 40 days and evaluated for spatial memory after the stress period. Chronically stressed animals were treated daily by gavage with: 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Group Cs), 500 mg/kg l-arginine (Group Cs/La), 300 mg/kg creatine (Group Cs/Cr); and 500 mg/kg l-arginine and 300 mg/kg creatine (Group Cs/La + Cr) during the entire experimental period., Results: Our results showed that animals in the Cs/Cr and Cs/La + Cr groups presented significantly decreased corticosterone levels compared to group Cs (p < 0.05); animals in group Cs/Cr were more efficient in finding the platform, in the working memory task, compared to all other groups (p < 0.01); and animals in group Cs/La + Cr significantly improved in reference memory retention compared to controls (p < 0.05)., Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrated that a single administration of creatine improves working memory efficiency, and, when co-administrated with l-arginine, improves reference memory retention, a phenomenon that is possibly associated with increased creatine/phosphocreatine levels and l-arginine-derived NO synthesis.