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The complete plastome sequence for the type species of Daphne , Daphne laureola , was assembled and annotated in this study. The total length of the D. laureola plastome is 171,613 bp and comprises the large single copy (LSC) spanning 85,316 bp, the small single copy (SSC) spanning 2855 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions each of 41,721 bp length. The SSC contains only two genes: ndhF and rpl32 . This sequence extends the list of Thymelaeaceae plastomes to be used in future systematic studies of the family and is the first European species to be sampled., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest and are alone responsible for the content and writing of the paper., (© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Context: The present study describes the spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Daphne oleoides Schreb. (Thymelaeaceae), exploring the possible underlying pharmacological mechanisms., Aim: Pharmacological investigation of Daphne oleoides to provide evidence for its therapeutic application in gastrointestinal motility disorders., Materials and Methods: Methanol crude extract of Daphne oleoides (Do.Cr) was studied in gastrointestinal isolated tissues., Results: In spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum preparations, Do.Cr at 0.3-3.0 mg/mL caused moderate stimulation, followed by relaxant effect at the next higher concentrations (5.0-10 mg/mL). In presence of atropine, spasmogenic effect was blocked and the relaxation was emerged, suggesting that the spasmogenic effect of Daphne oleoides is mediated through activation of muscarinic receptors. When tested against the high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, Do.Cr (0.3-5.0 mg/mL), like verapamil, inhibited the induced contractions, suggesting Ca++ channel blockade (CCB) effect. The CCB effect was further confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Do.Cr shifted the Ca++ concentration-response curves to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil., Discussion and Conclusion: These results indicate that Daphne oleoides exhibits gut excitatory and inhibitory effects, occurred via cholinergic and Ca++ antagonistic pathways, respectively.