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Different forest vegetations provide herbivorous small mammals with different resources, forcing adaptation since food habits depend on available resources. We expect differences in vegetation to be reflected in the size and shape of the skull and mandible as a result of potentially different feeding resources. Therefore, we analyzed the craniomandibular characteristics of Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Vietnam. This species commonly occurs in different vegetations in Vietnam, making it a good model for examining morphological adaptation to vegetation type. We analyzed morphologically the skulls and mandibles of 156 specimens collected from 31 localities in Vietnam from 1960 to the present. Principal component analysis showed that females occurring in the tropical lowland evergreen rain forest were clearly separated from those in other vegetations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang Provinces, the Cham Chu Nature reserve (NR) has diverse plant ecosystem types, and its the flora is rich in species. However, the pteridophyte flora of Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang Provinces has not been so far generally studied. This study presented results of three biotic surveys conducted on Cham Chu mountains and adjacent sites surveys in 2018-2019. A total of 123 plant specimens gathered and analyzed. With 84 plant species of 43 genera belonging to 23 families recorded. The family Polypodiaceae is the richest with 8 genera and 12 species. Two genera, Tectaria and Pteris, are rich in species, with 9 and 8 species, respectively. A checklist of species was also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-nosed fruit bat is a common name of the genus Macroglossus which comprises two species: Dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat (M. minimus) and Greater long-nosed fruit bat (M. sobrinus). These two species were rarely recorded from Vietnam or neighboring countries. Within Vietnam, M. minimus has been recorded only from two localities in southern Vietnam while M. sobrinus was known from all northern, central and southern regions of the country. Morphological features of these species in Vietnam were poorly documented in previous publications. With results from a rapid examination of all specimens and recently captured individuals, we here confirm that M. sobrinus is distinctively larger than M. minimus in all external and craniodental measurements. Two species are also distinguishable by their nostril shapes and mandible symphyses. This paper provides new distributional records of both M. sobrinus and M. minimus from Vietnam with remarks on their ecology and habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]