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Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi znanje i stavove studenata dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu provedeno je presječno istraživanje, metodom upitnika. Anketni upitnik je sadržavao 43 pitanja. U prvom dijelu su prikupljeni opći podaci o ispitaniku i stavovi ispitanika o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja, a u drugom se ispitivalo znanje o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja. U istraživanju su dobrovoljno sudjelovali studenti 3., 4., 5. i 6. godine dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 112 studenata. Podaci su uneseni u program Microsoft Office Excel (Office 2010, Microsoft corporation, Redmond, WA, SAD) te nakon toga obrađeni u programskom paketu STATISTICA 11.0 (Statsoft Inc., v 11.0, Tulsa, OK, USA). Rezultati: Studenti dentalne medicine pokazali su nizak stupanj znanja o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja. Porazni rezultati su dobiveni na tvrdnje iz područja općih načela radiologije. Suprotno očekivanju, studenti viših godina pokazali su lošije znanje. 20 (17,8%) studenata je imalo priliku više od 20 puta tijekom vježbi analizirati radiografsku snimku. 105 (93,8%) ispitanika je odgovorilo da bi se željeli dodatno educirati tijekom dodiplomskog studija o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja, a čak 76 (67,9%) ispitanika smatra da će morati koristiti dodatne poslijediplomske tečajeve i edukacije o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja. Zaključak: U ovom radu pokazali smo da studenti imaju nedostatno znanje o radiologiji orofacijalnoga područja te kako nema razlike između znanja i stavova studenata s obzirom na godinu studija koju pohađaju. Studenti su pokazali želju za boljom edukacijom u području radiologije orofacijalnoga područja., Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of dental students at the University of Split School of Medicine toward oral radiology. Materials and Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey using the questionnaire method was conducted. The questionnaire contained 43 questions. In the first part, general data on the respondent and the attitudes toward oral radiology were collected, and in the other part the knowledge of oral radiology was examined. Students of 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th year of dental medicine at the Split School of Medicine volunteered in the research. A total of 112 students took part in the research. The data were entered in Microsoft Office Excel (Office 2010, Microsoft corporation, Redmond, WA, SAD) and then processed in STATISTICA 11.0 (Statsoft Inc., v 11.0, Tulsa, OK, USA). Results: Dental students showed a low level of knowledge of oral radiology. Defeating results were obtained on statements from the field of general principles of radiology. Contrary to expectations, senior students showed even poorer knowledge. 20 (17,8%) students had the opportunity to analyze the radiograph more than 20 times during the exercises. 105 (93,8%) respondents stated that the additional education during the undergraduate study of oral radiology would be needed, and as many as 76 (67,9%) respondents believe that they will require additional postgraduate courses and education of oral radiology. Conclusion: In this study we have shown that students have insufficient knowledge of oral radiology and that there is no difference between students' knowledge and attitudes depending on the year of study they attend. Students showed a desire for better education in the field of oral radiology.

Cilj istraživanja: Ispitati prevalenciju bolesti i stanja iz područja oralne medicine kod pacijenata liječenih na Odjelu za oralnu medicinu Stomatološke poliklinike u Splitu za period od 1. siječnja 2018. do 31. prosinca 2019. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno, retrospektivno istraživanje. Prikupljeni podaci su pohranjeni u arhivi Odjela za oralnu medicinu, od 1. siječnja 2018. do 31. prosinca 2019. U istraživanje su uključeni svi pacijenti kojima je prebivalište na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, a koji su liječeni na odjelu u tom razdoblju. Pacijenti kojima je prebivalište izvan SDŽ-a isključeni su iz istraživanja. Ukupno je uključeno 774 ispitanika (225 muški i 549 ženski) koje smo podijelili s obzirom na spol, dob, stupanj obrazovanja i prebivalište. Rezultati: Najprevalentnija je kandidijaza (14,8%), a prate ju sicca sindromom (8,3%), kserostomija (7,8%), oralni lichen planus (6,7%), glossitits exfoliative areata migrans (5,4%), lingua villosa (4,2%), sindrom pekućih usta (4,1%), fibrom (3,8%), stomatitis nicotina (2,5%), ulcus (2,2%), rekurentni aftozni stomatitis (2,0%), erozije (2,0%), Sjögrenov sindrom (2,0%), frikcijska hiperkeratoza (1,9%), lingua fissurata (1,9%), leukoedem (1,7%), mukokela (1,5%), varices (1,4%), glossopyrosis (1,3%) i stomatitis simplex (1,2%) Zaključak: Rezultati ove studije pružaju određene informacije o prevalenciji bolesti i stanja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Rezultati pokazuju da je kandidijaza najprevalentnija bolest s 14,8% i da je puno prevalentnija među ženskom populacijom (19,48%) nego muškom (11,56%). To nam ukazuje na potrebu za boljom edukacijom pacijenata o oralnom zdravlju, pogotovo onih u starijim dobnim skupinama i među ženama., Aim: To examine the prevalence of diseases and conditions in the field of oral medicine in patients treated at the Department of Oral Medicine of the Dental Polyclinic in Split for the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted. The collected data were stored in the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. The study included all patients residing in the Split-Dalmatia County, who were treated at the department in that period. Patients residing outside the Split-Dalmatia County were excluded from the study. A total of 774 respondents (225 male and 549 female) were included, which we divided according to gender, age, level of education and residence. Results: The most prevalent is candidiasis (14.8%), followed by sicca syndrome (8.3%), xerostomia (7.8%), oral lichen planus (6.7%), glossitits exfoliative areata migrans (5.4%). , lingua villosa (4.2%), burning mouth syndrome (4.1%), fibroma (3.8%), nicotine stomatitis (2.5%), ulcer (2.2%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (2.0%), erosions (2.0%), Sjögren's syndrome (2.0%), frictional hyperkeratosis (1.9%), lingua fissurata (1.9%), leukoedema (1.7%), mucocele (1.5%), varices (1.4%), glossopyrosis (1.3%) and stomatitis simplex (1.2%) Conclusion: The results of this study provide some information on the prevalence of diseases and conditions in the Split - Dalmatia County. The results show that candidiasis is the most prevalent disease (14.8%) and that there is a bigger prevalence among the female population (19.48%) than the male (11.56%). This indicates to us the need for better patient education about oral health, especially of those in older age groups and among women.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi osobitosti karcinoma jezika dijagnosticiranih u KBC-u Split u šestogodišnjem razdoblju između od 01.01.2012. do 31.12.2017. godine. Materijali i metode: U ovu studiju retrospektivnog tipa uključeni su svi bolesnici kojima je karcinom jezika dijagnosticiran na Kliničkom zavodu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju u razdoblju KBC Split u razdoblju od 01.01. 2012. do 31.12. 2017. godine. Iz računalne baze prikupljeni su patohistološki nalazi iz kojih su izuzeti podaci o spolu i dobi bolesnika, veličini tumora, histološkom tipu i stupnju diferencijacije, a kod bolesnika koji su operiranu u KBC Split i podaci o veličini tumora i statusu limfnih čvorova. Rezultati: U šestogodišnjem razdoblju dijagnosticirano je 106 bolesnika sa karcinomom jezika. Kod većine bolesnika (n=68) uzeti su samo bioptički uzorci dok je kod 38 bolesnika nakon biopsije izvršen i operativni zahvat. Karcinomi jezika zastupljeniji su u muškaraca (83,9%) nego u žena (16,1%). Najzastupljeniji su u dobi od 50 do 70 godina (58,5%). Najčešći histološki tip karcinoma jezika je planocelularni karcinom uobičajenog podtipa (96%), slijede ga bazaloidni (4,7%), verukozni (n=0,95%%) i adenoid cistični ( 0,95%). Većina karcinoma jezika je srednje (55,1%) i dobro diferencirana (35,5%), dok su najmanje zastupljeni slabo diferencirani karcinomi (13,3%). U 2/3 operiranih bolesnika nađene su metastaze u cervikalnim limfnim čvorovima. Zaključak: Epidemiološki profil karcinoma jezika u našoj populaciji upućuje na značajno češću pojavnost ovog tumora kod muškaraca i u starijoj životnoj dobi. Predominanti histološki podtip je uobičajeno planocelularni karcinom, uglavnom dobro i srednje diferenciran, dok su drugi histološki tipovi i slabo diferencirani karcinomi rijetki. Većina karcinoma jezika koji su operirani imaju metastazama zahvaćene regionalne limfne čvorove., Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of tongue cancer diagnosed at KBC Split during the six year period from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2017. Materials and methods: All samples diagnosed with tongue cancer at the Department of pathology, medical jurisprudence and citology of Clinical hospital center Split from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2017 were included in this study. All the pathohistological findings were taken from the data base after which the information on age and sex of the patients, tumor size, histological type and differentiation rate was used. In cases when patients were surgically treated at KBC Split, both the data on tumor size and lymph node status were taken. Results: In the period of 6 years 106 patients were diagnosed with tongue cancer. Most of the patients (n=68) had tissue biopsy while 38 patients underwent surgery after the biopsy was performed. Tongue cancer has a higher incidence in male patients (83,9%) compared to female patients (16,1%). They are most common between 50 and 70 years of age (58,5%). The most common histological type of the cancer is the planocellular, conventional type cancer (96%), followed by basaloid (4,7%), verrucous (0,95%) and adenoid cystic(0,95%). Most of the cancers are moderately (55,1%) and well differentiated (35,5%), while poorly differentiated carcinomas have the lowest incidence (13,3%). Two thirds of surgically treated patients had cervical lymph nodes metastasis. Conclusion: Epidemiologic profile of the cancer in our population indicates a much higher incidence in male and older patients. The dominant histological subtype is conventional type planocellular cancer, being moderately and well differentiated in most cases while other histological types and poorly differentiated cancers occur much more rarely. Most of the surgically treated patients had regional lymph node metastasis.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti razinu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa u pacijenata sa kserostomijom te pacijenata sa SPU međusobno te u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Materijali i metode: Studija je provedena na 60 ispitanika različite dobi i spola od kojih; 20 s dijagnosticiranom kserostomijom, 20 sa SPU te 20 ispitanika bez subjektivnih simptoma suhoće i pečenja te bez patoloških promjena na oralnoj sluznici. Svi ispitanici ispunili su DASS upitnik, izmjerena im je količina nestimulirane sline te su svoje subjektivne tegobe ocijenili po VAS. Rezultati: Rezultati višestruke regresijske analize pokazali su statistički značajnu ovisnost jačine subjektivnih simptoma (R=0,63; P, Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of patients who suffer from Xerostomia and BMS, compare them mutually and with the levels of the control group. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on people of different age and gendre among who 20 were diagnosed with Xerostomia, 20 with BMS and 20 who had no symptoms and no signs of pathology. All subjects completed the DASS questionnaire. All subjects’ unstimulated saliva amounts were established and they estimated their subjective suffering by VAS. Results: The results of analysis have shown a significant correlation between the amount of subjective suffering (R=0,63; P

Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi znanje i stavove doktora dentalne medicine o etiologiji, prevenciji i kliničkoj slici karcinoma usne šupljine. Specifični ciljevi bili su ispitati postoji li razlika u znanju i stavovima o karcinomu usne šupljine doktora dentalne medicine u odnosu na njihov spol i/ili dob, ispitati postoji li razlika u znanju i stavovima o karcinomu usne šupljine doktora dentalne medicine u odnosu na vrijeme proteklo od diplomiranja, te utvrditi postoji li potreba za dodatnom edukacijom doktora dentalne medicine o karcinomu usne šupljine. Materijali i metode: U razdoblju od kraja veljače do početka svibnja 2019. godine provedeno je presječno istraživanje čiji je cilj bio utvrditi stavove i znanje doktora dentalne medicine o karcinomu usne šupljine. Istraživanje je temeljeno na anketnom upitniku (Prilog 1) kojeg su ispitanici samostalno ispunjavali za vrijeme istraživačevog posjeta. Provođenje istraživanja odobrilo je Etičko povjerenstvo Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Istraživanje je provedeno u ordinacijama dentalne medicine na području grada Splita. Putem anonimnih upitnika ispitan je ukupno 151 doktor dentalne medicine. U prvom dijelu anketnog upitnika, koji se sastojao od 19 pitanja, prikupljeni su opći podaci, a u drugom stavovi i znanja o karcinomu usne šupljine. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovao 151 doktor dentalne medicine, od toga samo njih 99 (65,6 %) provodi preventivni pregled usne šupljine radi ranijeg otkrivanja karcinoma. Većina doktora dentalne medicine, njih 142 (94 %) ne zna rizične čimbenike za nastanak karcinoma usne šupljine, a 77 (51% ) ne prepoznaje prekancerozne lezije, što znači da ne znaju prepoznati ni pacijenta s povećanim rizikom za nastanak bolesti. Unatoč podatcima da 136 (90,1%) doktora dentalne medicine smatra da su tijekom školovanja stekli znanja kako prepoznati karcinom usne šupljine i njih 131 (86,8 %) koji smatraju da su sposobni otkriti karcinom usne šupljine, čak 116 (76,5%) istih ne zna kliničku sliku oralnog karcinoma. Velik broj doktora dentalne medicine, njih 147 (97,4 %) smatra da zna pregledati usnu šupljinu, a 92 (60,7 %) ih ne zna najčešće lokalizacije karcinoma usne šupljine. Simptome karcinoma usne šupljine ne prepoznaje 149 (98,7 %) doktora dentalne medicine, koji zbog toga neće moći ni posumnjati na tu bolest i uputiti bolesnika odgovarajućem specijalistu. Pogrešnom specijalistu, pacijenta sa sumnjom na oralni karcinom, uputilo bi 43 (28,4% ) doktora dentalne medicine. Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata ovog istraživanja potvrđeno je kako većina doktora dentalne medicine nema dovoljno znanja o karcinomu usne šupljine. Loše znanje doktora dentalne medicine o etiologiji, prevenciji i kliničkoj slici oralnog karcinoma upućuje na potrebu za boljom dodiplomskom edukacijom i za dodatnom edukacijom kroz poslijediplomske tečajeve trajnog obrazovanja., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners toward etiology, prevention and clinical appearance of oral cavity cancer and to determine whether there is any difference in the knowledge and attitudes in relation to their sex and/or age, and time passed by graduation, as well as their need for additional education about oral cavity cancer. Materials and Methods: In the period from the end of February to the beginning of May 2019, a cross-sectional research was carried out. Respondents filled out a questionnaire that was completely anonymous, and contained questions about the knowledge and attitudes of oral cavity cancer. The research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School in Split and carried out at dental clinics in the Split area. Questionnaire consists 19 question. The first set of questions was related to general data of dental practitioners, and the other one was focused on knowledge and attitudes of oral cancer cavity. Results: A total of 151 general dental practitioners were included in this study, only 99 (65.6 %) implement preventive examination of oral cavity for early detection of cancer. A total of 142 (94 %) do not know oral cancer risk factors and 77 (51%) do not recognize precancerous lesions, which means that they do not even recognize a patient with increased risk of developing the disease. Despite the facts that 136 (90.1%) of doctors believe that they have learned to identify oral cancer and 131 (86.8%) who think they were capable of detecting oral cavity cancer, 116 (76.5 %) does not know the clinical appearance of oral cavity cancer. A large number of dental general practitioners, 147 (97.4 %), think they know how to examine the oral cavity and 92 (60.7 %) do not know the distribution of cancer in the oral cavity. Unfortunately, 149 (98.7 %) of dental practitioners do not know symptoms of cancer of the oral cavity who therefore will not be able to suspect the disease and refer the patient to appropriate specialists. Conclusion: In this study we have shown that large number of dental practitioners do not have enough knowledge of oral cavity cancer. Lack of knowledge about etiology, prevention and clinical appearance of oral cancer, indicates the need for better education of our physicians in undergraduate education and postgraduate continuing education courses.

CILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost i vrstu patoloških promjena na sluznici usne šupljine te prisustvo subjektivnih smetnji u usnoj šupljini u populaciji hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata. MATERIJALI I METODE: U razdoblju od travnja 2018. do travnja 2019. godine provedeno je istraživanje u kojem su sudjelovala ukupno 102 hrvatska branitelja iz Domovinskog rata. Anamnestički su prikupljeni podaci o spolu, dobi , mjestu boravišta, obrazovanju i radnom statusu ispitanika, navici pušenja i pijenja alkohola. Svi ispitanici su upitani koliko često odlaze na pregled kod izabranog doktora dentalne medicine i obiteljskog liječnika te pregledavaju li oni redovito cijelu sluznicu usne šupljine u svrhu ranog otkrivanja potencijalno malignih promjena na oralnoj sluznici. Nakon uzete anamneze pristupilo se temeljitom kliničkom pregledu usne šupljine. REZULTATI: od 102 ispitanika, 88 (86,2 %) su bili muškarci, a 14 (13,8 %) žene prosječne životne dobi 54 godine. Alkohol konzumira 64 (62,7 %) ispitanika, a 46 (45,09 %) je pušača. Većina ispitanika (75,4 %) negira postojanje bilo kakvih smetnji u usnoj šupljini. Prema procjeni ispitanika, u 33 (32,3 %) ispitanika stomatolog redovito pregleda cijelu usnu šupljinu, a doktor opće prakse obavlja takvu vrstu pregleda u samo sedam (6,8 %) ispitanika. Većina ih odlazi na stomatološke preglede barem jednom godišnje., Objective: The main aim of this research was to examine frequency and kind of pathological changes found on oral mucosa of the oral cavity, as well as the presence of subjective cumbers in oral cavity all examined within the Homeland War defenders' population. Materials and methods: The research was held from April, 2018 until April, 2019., and was done on 102 Croatian Homeland War veterans. Gender, age, residence, education, working status, alcohol and smoking habits were the information taken for this survey. Every examined person was questioned how often they visit dentist and family doctor, as well as if they do tests on the whole oral mucosa of the oral cavity in order to prevent any malignant changes on the oral mucosa of the oral cavity. Thorough medical examinations were held after the anamneses had been entirely over. Results: Among 102 participants, 88 (86.2 %) were men, 14 (13.8 %) were women, average age of 54. Among them, 64 (62.7 %) used alcohol and 46 (45.1 %) used cigarettes. However, most of the participants (75.4 %) denied any cumbers in the oral cavity. Dentists usually did the whole oral cavity examinations in 33 (32.3 %) participants, but family doctors did that kind of examinations only in seven (6.8 %) participants. Most of them usually did one test per year. Conclusion: In 35 participants, through the clinical examinations 41 modifications in oral cavity were found and 14 were potentially malignant modifications. Six of participants have never heard of oral cavity cancer. Most dentists and family doctors never did the whole detailed examinations of oral mucosa of oral cavity of ther patients. Those are degrading facts that lead to conclusion that both doctors and civil population need more education.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati znanja i stavove hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata o karcinomu usne šupljine. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu provedeno je presječno istraživanje, metodom anketnog upitnika koji je sadržavao 27 pitanja. Anketnim upitnikom prikupljeni su opći podaci i navike ispitanika u prvom dijelu, a u drugom stavovi i znanja o karcinomu usne šupljine. U istraživanju je sudjelovao dobrovoljno ukupno 101 branitelj Domovinskog rata. Podatci su uneseni u program Microsoft Office Excel 2010 te nakon toga obrađeni metodom deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika (63,4 %) svakodnevno konzumira alkohol, a 46,6 % ih puši cigarete, što značajno može pridonijeti razvoju potencijalno malignih promjena u usnoj šupljini. Njihova dob (prosječna dob 54 godine, medijan 52 godine) i spol koji je pretežno muški (74,3 %) također su čimbenici rizika za razvoj oralnog karcinoma. Ispitanici su pokazali loše znanje glede poznavanja rizičnih čimbenika te učestalosti i smrtnosti od karcinoma usne šupljine; 48,5 % ispitanika ne smatra alkohol rizičnim čimbenikom za razvoj oralnog karcinoma, 76,2 % ne povezuje mehaničku iritaciju s razvojem malignih promjena, a 71,3 % ne zna da ultraljubičasto zračenje ima značajan utjecaj na razvoj karcinoma usne. Također su pokazali loše znanje glede poznavanja prvih znakova i simptoma karcinoma usne šupljine, njih 30,7% smatra da su suha usta rani znak, dok pak bolnu promjenu koja krvari i ne zacjeljuje ne smatra ranim znakom njih 13,9%. Zaključak: Ispitanici ne pokazuju zadovoljavajuće znanje o rizičnim čimbenicima za razvoj karcinoma usne šupljine. Također, ne pokazuju zadovoljavajuće znanje o učestalosti i smrtnosti od karcinoma usne šupljine te ne poznaju dobro rane znakove i simptome karcinoma usne šupljine., Objectives: The aim of this research was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of Croatian Homeland War veterans about oral cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by means of questionnaire containing 27 questions. In the first part of the questionnaire, general data and habits of the respondents were collected, while in the second part, their attitudes and knowledge about oral cancer were questioned. A total of 101 Homeland War veterans voluntarily participated in this research. The data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel 2010 programme and then processed with descriptive statistic method. Results: Most respondents (63.4%) consume alcohol on a daily basis and 46.6% smoke cigarettes, which can contribute significantly to the development of potentially malignant transformations in the oral cavity. Their age (average age 54 years, median 52 years) and gender, which is predominantly male (74.3%), are also risk factors for the development of oral cancer. Respondents showed poor knowledge about risk factors and about the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer; 48.5% of the respondents do not consider alcohol as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer, 76.2% do not associate mechanical irritation with the development of malignant transformations, and 71.3% do not know that ultraviolet radiation has a significant effect on the development of oral cancer. They have also shown poor knowledge of the first signs and symptoms of oral cancer, 30.7 % of them think that dry mouth are early sign of oral cancer while 13.9 % of them do not consider a painful bleeding transformation which does not heal an early sign. Conclusion: The respondents did not demonstrate a satisfactory level of knowledge about risk factors for the development of oral cancer. Furthermore, their knowledge of the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer alongside with its early signs and symptoms have also proven to be on a rather unsatisfactory level.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanje i stavove studenata dvaju studijskih programa Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, studija Medicine i Dentalne medicine, o karcinomu usne šupljine te utvrditi postoje li razlike u znanju i stavovima između studenata od treće do šeste godine unutar svakog studija te između studija. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu provedeno je presječno istraživanje, metodom upitnika. Anketni upitnik sadržavao je 16 pitanja gdje su prikupljeni opći podaci o ispitaniku u prvom dijelu, a u drugom stavovi i znanja o karcinomu usne šupljine. U istraživanju su dobrovoljno sudjelovali studenti dvaju integriranih studija Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu, studija Medicine i Dentalne medicine. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 370 studenata, od kojih 130 s dentalne medicine i 240 s medicine. Podaci su uneseni u program Microsoft Office Excel 2007 te nakon toga obrađeni u programskom paketu STATISTICA 11.0. Rezultati: Studenti dentalne medicine znaju više o oralnom karcinomu u odnosu na studente medicine. Također je znanje studenata bolje na višim godinama studija. Studenti obaju studija ne poznaju lezije koje mogu prethoditi karcinomu usne šupljine, što ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji i ranom otkrivanju te bolesti. Mnogi studenti dentalne medicine (63; 48,5 %) i većina studenata medicine (186; 77,5 %) nikada tijekom studija nije imala mogućnost samostalnog pregleda bolesnika s prekanceroznim i kanceroznim lezijama oralne sluznice. Pogrešnom specijalistu bi, pacijenta sa sumnjivom lezijom u usnoj šupljini, poslalo devet (7,0 %) studenata dentalne medicine i 120 (50,0 %) studenata medicine.Nakon prvog pregleda pacijenta sa sumnjivom lezijom u usnoj šupljini, samo 40 (30,8 %) studenata dentalne medicine i 50 (20,8 %) studenata medicine bi uputilo pacijenta specijalistu ako lezija nije zacijelila nakon tjedan dana od liječenja. Zaključak: U ovom radu pokazali smo kako postoji razlika u znanju studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o karcinomu usne šupljine te kako se znanje mijenja s godinama studija, od treće do šeste godine. Njihova uloga kao budućih doktora dentalne medicine i medicine u prevenciji i ranom otkivanju te bolesti je jako značajna. Stoga bi studenti obaju studijskih programa trebali steći odgovarajuće znanje i vještine tijekom studijske nastave, kako bi dosljedno i pravovremeno mogli pristupiti pacijentu s potencijalno malignom promjenom usne šupljine., Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the two study programs of the University of Split Medical School, medicine and dental medicine, toward oral cavity cancer, and to determine whether there are differences in the knowledge and attitudes between the students from the third to the sixth year studies and between each other. Materials and Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire contained 16 questions where general data on the respondent were collected in the first part, and in the other part attitudes and knowledge toward oral cavity carcinoma. Students of two integrated studies at the Split School of Medicine, dental medicine and medicine, volunteered in the research. A total of 370 students attended, of which 130 were dental medicine and 240 in medicine. The data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and then processed in STATISTICA 11.0. Results: The students of dental medicine know more about oral carcinoma compared to the students of medicine. The knowledge of students is also better at higher years of study. Students of both study programs do not know pre-cancerous lesions, which plays an essential role in preventing and early detection of this disease. Many dentistry students (63; 48,5 %) and most medical students (186; 77,5 %) have never independently examined the patient's oral mucous with pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. The patient with suspicious lesion in the oral cavity would be sent to the wrong specialist of nine (7,0 %) dental students and 120 (50,0 %) medical students. Only 40 (30,8 %) of dental medicine students and 50 (20,8 %) of the medical students would have referred patients to the specialist, by the first examination of the patient with suspicious lesion in the oral cavity, if the lesion didn't heal after one week of treatment. Conclusion: In this study we have shown that there is a difference in the knowledge between medicine and dental medicine students toward oral cavity carcinoma and that knowledge changes with years of study, from the third to the sixth year. Their role as future doctors of dental medicine and medicine in preventing and early detection of this disease is very significant. The students of both studies should acquire the appropriate knowledge and skills during the studies so that they can consistently and at the right time access to the patient with a potentially malignant change in the oral cavity.

Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanje bio je ustanoviti pojavljuje li se sideropenična anemija (SA) češće u osoba oboljelih od oralnoga lihen planusa (OLP). Materijali i metode: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 58 pacijenata koji su zadovoljavali kliničke kriterije za dijagnozu OLP-a. Kontrolna skupina se sastojala od 58 ispitanika bez vidljivih patoloških promjena u usnoj šupljini. Obje skupine su napravile krvne pretrage iz kojih smo ekstrahirali vrijednosti (serumsko željezo, hemoglobin, hematokrit, broj eritrocita, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, UIBC, TIBC) bitne za dijagnostiku SA. Temeljem srednjih vrijednosti svih navedenih parametara napravila se usporedba među skupinama. Osim toga, usporedili smo broj ispitanika iz obje skupine čije su vrijednosti bile ispod odnosno iznad referentnog intervala te se prema kriterijima SZO ispitala eventualna prisutnost SA. Anamnestički smo uzeli podatke o dobi (u godinama), spolu (muško/žensko) i navikama svakodnevnog konzumiranja cigareta i alkohola (da/ne). Rezultati: Nije se pokazala statistički značajna razlika između srednjih vrijednosti ispitivanih parametara (željezo, hemoglobin, hematokrit, broj eritrocita, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) ispitne i kontrolne skupina. Broj ispitanika koji su imali navedene vrijednosti van referentnog intervala nije se značajno razlikovao između ispitivanih skupina. Prema kriterijima SZO samo jedan pacijent u ispitnoj skupini odnosno dva u kontrolnoj boluju od SA. Zaključak: Prema podatcima iz literature, postoji pretpostavka da bi SA mogla imati etiološku ulogu u pojedinaca oboljelih od OLP-a. Međutim, naše istraživanje nije dokazalo da se SA učestalije javlja u oboljelih od OLP-a nego u ispitanika zdrave kontrolne skupine. Svakako su potrebna daljnja istraživanja, uz dulje praćenje laboratorijskih promjena, da bi se potvrdili naši rezultati., Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to healthy control subjects. Materials and methods: The research included 58 participants with changes in oral mucosa that met criteria for clinical diagnosis of the OLP. The control group consisted of 58 individuals without visible pathological changes in the oral cavity. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein for each study participant to determineiron (Fe), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Htc), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) . Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in the mean values of aforementioned blood factors. The number of individuals who had specified values outside the reference range was not significant different between the two groups. According to WHO (World Health Organization) criteria, only one person (1.7 %) in experimental group, and two (3.4 %) in control group, had IDA. Conclusion: It is assumed that SA could have an etiologic role in individuals suffering from OLP. Regardless of that fact, this study discovered that the difference in prevalence of IDA between patients with OLP and healthy individuals in control group is not statistically significant. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish findings of this study.

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Autizam je neurobiološki razvojni poremećaj mozga koji se očituje teškoćama u socijalnim interakcijama, teškoćama u verbalnoj i neverbalnoj komunikaciji, kao i neuobičajenim ponašanjem. Osobe oboljele od autizma imaju i ograničene aktivnosti i interese te različite motoričke smetnje i stereotipije. Oralno zdravlje u takvoj populaciji često zna biti zapostavljeno zbog ostalih zdravstvenih teškoća kroz koje prolaze stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja ustanoviti oralni status oboljelih osoba koji su štićenici Centra za autizam u Splitu te ga usporediti sa sveukupnom populacijom u Republici Hrvatskoj. MATERIJALI I METODE: U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 37 osoba (6 ženkog i 31 muškog spola). Dob ispitanika se kreće u rasponu od 7. god do 33. god. Zbog velikog raspona u dobi ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine. Prvu skupinu čine djeca u dobi od 7. do 12. godine. Tu skupinu čini ukupno 7 osoba (0 djevojčica i 7 dječaka). Kriterij za svrstavanje u prvu skupinu je dentalni status mješovite denticije. Drugu skupinu čine osobe od 13. do 33. godine života te se u njoj nalazi ukupno 26 osoba (5 ženskog i 21 muškog spola). Svi ispitanici u drugoj skupini u dentalnom statusu imaju zabilježenu trajnu denticiju. Postupak se provodio u prostorijama Centra za autizam u razdoblju od dva mjeseca. Pregledom smo utvrđivali KEP indeks u ispitanika, procjenjivali smo gingivalni indeks i educirali ispitanike o održavanju oralne higijene. REZULTATI: Populacija osoba oboljelih od autizma koja je sudjelovala u istraživanju bila je u omjeru muškaraca naspram žena 5:1. Prema kriterijima SZO prva skupina ispitanika (djeca u dobi od 7. do 12. godine) nalazi se u vrlo visokom riziku intenziteta karijesa, dok druga skupina ispitanika (osobe u dobi od 12. do 33. godine života) spada u skupinu s visokim rizikom. Gingivitis, koji je tretiran po kriteriju gingivalnog indeksa po Loe and Silnessu [27] pokazao nam je veće probleme u vidu upale i krvarenja u osoba starije životne dobi nego u osoba mlađih od 12 godina. U prvoj skupini 43 % ispitanika imalo je lagano upaljenu gingivu (stupanj 1) , dok je u drugoj skupini ispitanika njih 65,3 % imalo gingivitis. Kep indeks u prve skupine, djeca s mješovitom denticijom, iznosi 5,71, a SIC za istu skupinu 13. U druge skupine ispitanika zabilježen je nešto veći KEP indeks 7,07, dok je SIC jednak kao i u prvoj skupini i iznosi 13. Samo 14 % ispitanika mlađe životne dobi imalo je kep indeks 0, a 28 % imalo je kep indeks veći od 10. U starijoj skupini ispitanika samo 7,6 % ispitanika imalo je indeks 0, dok je čak 30,7 % ispitanika imalo KEP indeks veći od 10. ZAKLJUČAK: Visoki intenzitet karijesa koji je zabilježen na području cijele Hrvatske, kao i visoka, odnosno vrlo visoka prevalencija karijesa zabilježena u našoj ispitivanoj skupini, upućuju na veoma veliku problematiku koju je potrebno riješiti. Potrebno je pomno isplanirati programe i akcije promicanja oralnog zdravlja i prevencije karijesa koji će se početi provoditi na nacionalnoj razini. Takvi programi trebali bi omogućiti promjene, upozoriti na važnost preventivnih djelovanja te potaknuti na revitalizaciju preventivne dentalne zaštite kako u općoj populaciji tako i u osoba oboljelih od autizma. Potrebno je u sklopu Specijalističkih dentalnih ustanova osigurati posebno odjeljenje za osobe oboljele od autizma te zajedno sa stručnim timom, uz dugotrajne i strpljive metode edukacije i prilagodbe, osigurati kvalitetnu dentalnu skrb., OBJECTIVES: Autism is a neurobiological developmental brain disorder that presents in social interactions, difficulty in verbal and non verbal communication and overall untypical behavior. People affected by autism also have limited activity and interests as well as varying degrees of motor problems and steretypies. Oral health in the autism population can often be neglected in overview of other health difficulties these patients go through, so the purpose of this research is to determine the oral health status of those patients that are listed in the “Center for Autism” in Split and to compare it to the status of the general population in Croatia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research includes total of 37 people (6 female and 31 male). The age of the examinees is from 7 to 33 years old. As a result of the wide span of age the examinees are divided in two groups. First group contains children ages 7 to 12. This group makes 7 people in total (0 female and 7 male). The criterion for placement into the first group is mixed stage dental status. Second group contains people ages 13 to 33. This group makes 26 people in total (5 female and 21 male).The dental status of all examinees in the second group is only permanent teeth. The procedures were carried out on location in the “Center for Autism” in the span of two months. With the examinations we ascertained examinees DMFT index, Gingival index and educated the examinees in maintaining oral hygiene. RESULTS: The proportion, of the population of people with autism that participated in the study, men to women was 5:1. According to the WHO criteria; first group of examinees (children ages 7 to 12) is in a very high risk of intensive caries, while the second group of examinees (people age 12 to 33) falls under high risk. Gingivitis, which was treated in accord to the gingival index by Loe and Silness [27], has indicated larger problems evident in inflammations and bleeding more so in those of older age than in those younger than 12 years. In the first group 43 % of examinees had a mild gingiv inflammation (level 1), while in the second group of examinees 65.3 % had gingivitis. DMFT index in the first group with mixed stage teeth development is 5,71, and SIC for the same group 13. In the second group of examinees there is a somewhat higher DMFT index of 7,07 while the SIC is, the same as for the first group, 13. Only 14% of examinees of young age had DMFT index 0, and 28 % had DMFT index higher than 10. In the older age group only 7,6 % examinees had DMFT index 0, while as high as 30,7 % had DMFT index over 10. CONCLUSIONS: High intensity of caries which was recorded across the territory of Croatia, along with high (that is, very high) prevailing caries in our examined groups indicates a very problematic situation that needs to be resolved. There need to be diligently planed programs and campaigns of promoting oral health and caries prevention that should run on a national level. Such programs should facilitate change, illuminate the importance of preventive acting and motivate revitalization of preventive dental protection in general population, as well as in people with autism. We need to provide a specialized department for people with autism within the dental specializing institutions; and together with a professional team with long lasting and patient methods of education and adjustments assure the best quality of dental care possible.

Cilj: Glavni cilj istraživanja je ispitati učestalost sideropenične anemije u osoba s geografskim jezikom u odnosu na osobe sa zdravom oralnom sluznicom. Materijal i metode: U 40 ispitanika s dijagnozom geografskog jezika te 40 ispitanika s potpuno zdravom oralnom sluznicom određene su razine hemoglobina, hematokrit, broj eritrocita, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serumsko željezo, UIBC, TIBC, serumski feritin, vitamin B12 i folna kiselina kako bi identificirali osobe s anemijom. Rezultati: Sideropenična anemija je dijagnosticirana u 13 osoba (32,5%) s geografskim jezikom što je u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (5%) statistički značajna razlika (P=0,001). S obzirom na spol, veća je učestalost geografskog jezika (85%) kao i sideropenične anemije (100%) u žena nego u muškaraca s geografskim jezikom. Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da je učestalost sideropenične anemije veća u osoba s geografskim jezikom u odnosu na osobe sa zdravom oralnom sluznicom., Objective: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in persons with geographic tongue compared to those with healthy oral mucosa. Materials and methods: In 40 subjects with the diagnose of geographic tongue and 40 subjects with completely healthy oral mucosa the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean red blood cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, UIBC, TIBC, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured to identify the patients with anemia. Results: Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed in 13 subjects (32,5%) with geographic tongue which is in comparison to healthy controls (5%) statistically significant (P=0,00156). Genderwise, higher incidence of geographic tongue (85%) as well as iron deficiency anemia (100%) was seen among women than men with geographic tongue. Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is higher in persons with geographic tongue compared to those with healthy oral mucosa.

Cilj: Glavni cilj istraživanja je ispitati postoji li razlika u količini izlučene sline u pacijenata koji su koristili umjetnu slinu u odnosu na one čije su velike žlijezde slinovnice tretirane niskoenergetskim laserom kroz 10 uzastopnih tretmana, i to neposredno nakon (Qs i Qss 2) ili mjesec dana od završetka terapije (Qs i Qss 3) u odnosu na početno mjerenje (Qs i Qss 1). Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 39 ispitanika kojima je sijalometrijom dokazana suhoća usta (Qs˂2.0 ml/5min). Ispitnu skupinu čini 14 ispitanika koji su podvrgnuti terapiji velikih žlijezda slinovnica niskoenergetskim laserom kroz 10 uzastopnih tretmana dok kontrolnu skupinu čini 25 osoba, koje su prema uputama, više puta dnevno kontinuirano koristile preparat umjetne sline (Caphosol otopina). Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su kako je porast količine izlučene nestimulirane sline (Qs) mjeren 10 dana nakon završetka laser terapije u ispitnoj skupini bio nešto manji u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu koja je svo to vrijeme koristila preparat umjetne sline. Nešto manja razlika zabilježena je u porastu količine izlučene stimulirane sline (Qss), ali također u korist kontrolne skupine. Stariji ispitanici (iznad 70 godina) pokazuju nešto veći porast u Qs-u i Qss-u neposredno nakon završetka laser terapije odnosno 10 dana od početka korištenja umjetne sline, da bi te vrijednosti nakon mjesec dana bilježile pad. Suprotno tome, mlađi ispitanici pokazuju linearni porast u količini izlučene stimulirane i nestimulirane sline kroz vrijeme. Pacijenti koji ne uzimaju lijekove koji utječu na suhoću usta očekivano bilježe veće početne rezultate i dugoročno veći, linearni napredak kroz vrijeme u količini izlučene nestimulirane (Qs) i stimulirane (Qss) sline. Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su kako je porast u količini izlučene nestimulirane i stimulirane sline nakon mjesec dana od završetka laser terapije ipak veći u ispitanika kontrolne skupine koja je svo vrijeme koristila umjetnu slinu prema uputama, nekoliko puta dnevno., Objective: The main aim of this research is to explore if there is a difference in saliva secretion between patients who were using artificial saliva, and those treated with low-level laser on major salivary glandes through ten consecutive treatments, and soon after (Qs and Qss 2) or one month after therapy was over (Qs and Qss 3) in ratio of first measurment (Qs and Qss 1). Materials and methods: The reaserch contained 39 patients, diagnosed with xerostomia using sialometry test (Qs < 2.0 ml/5min). The tested group contained 14 patients who were treated with low-level laser on major salivary glandes, through ten consecutive treatments, while control group contained 25 patients, who were using artificial saliva (Caphosol) several times a day according to manufacturers guide of product instructions. Results: Results of this research indicate that increase of measured quantum of non stimulated saliva (Qs) secretion in time of ten days after laser therapy, in tested group, was slightly lower in rate of control group who was using artificial saliva through all time. Slightly lower difference was observed in increasing of salivation of stimulated saliva (Qss), but also in favour of control group. Older patients (above 70 years) were showing slightly higher Qs and Qss rate soon after laser therapy was over, regarding ten days of using artificial saliva. After one month, measurment of Qs and Qss salivation quantum rate were decreasing. Younger patients (under 70 years) were showing linear increase in quantum of salivation of stimulated and non stimulated saliva through time. Patients who were not using medication, that can cause mouth dryness, expectedly scored better results and long term better linear progression through time, in order of measured quantum salivation of nonstimulated (Qs) and stimulated (Qss) saliva. Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that increase of measured quantum salivation of non stimulated and stimulated saliva, after one month of finished laser therapy, were higher in control group patients who were using artificial saliva the whole time, according to manufacturers guide of product instructions several times a day.

Cilj Cilj istraživanja je bio ispitati učestalost celijakije u oboljelih od oralnoga lihen planusa (OLP) u odnosu na osobe sa zdravom sluznicom usne šupljine. Materijal i metode U serumima 89 pacijenata s OLP-om i 89 osoba sa zdravom sluznicom usne šupljine određena je razina protutijela na tkivnu transglutaminazu (anti-tTG) i na glijadin (AGA). Kod svih pacijenata učinjena je i HLA-tipizacija. U pacijenata s pozitivnim protutijelima učinjena je biopsija dvanaesnika kako bi se patohistološkim nalazom potvrdila dijagnoza celijakije. Rezultati Celijakija je dijagnosticirana u 12 pacijenata (13,48%) s oralnim lihen planusom. Statistički značajna razlika između dva različita oblika OLP-a, retikularnog i erozivnog, pokazala se za IgA tTG (P=0,008). Učestalost HLA DQ2 i DQ8 bila je veća u oboljelih od OLP-a nego u kontrolnoj skupini. Zaključak Učestalost celijakije veća je u oboljelih od OLP-a u odnosu na osobe sa zdravom sluznicom usne šupljine te u odnosu na opću populaciju. IgA tTG bi mogao biti vrijedan dijagnostički marker u probiru na celijakiju u oboljelih od OLP-a., Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) and antibodies against gliadin (AGA) were measured in the sera from 89 OLP patients and 89 healthy controls, who also underwent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. The duodenal biopsy was performed in patients with positive serology to confirm the diagnosis of CD. Results CD was diagnosed in 12 OLP patients (13,48%). A statistically significant difference among the forms of oral lichen was observed for the IgA tTG (P=0,008). Higher frequencies of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 were found in OLP patients compared to the control group. Conclusion The prevalence of CD was higher in patients with OLP than in the control group and in the general population. IgA tTG is a valuable diagnostic tool that can be used for screening CD in patients with OLP.