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Kayacık and its environs, which were seen among the districts of Saruhan Sanjak during the Ottoman Empire period, have been witnessed the settlements from ancient times, and entered the sovereignty of Turkish with Saruhanoğulları Principality. In our study, the settlements of Kayacık district and its population and foundation Works are examined comparatively in the light of the cadastral recordbooks with their features of the first and second half of the XVI. century. In the second half of the XVI. century, the population in the citycenter has increased approximately twice, while the population of the ruralareas is beginning to decline. In the firsthalf of the XVI. century, the number of villages with more than forty villages in the rural part of Kayacık district continued in these condhalf. In the district with a population of 5146 people in 1531, it was understood that there was an increase of 55 persons in 1575 and the population rose to approximately 5201. However, we also understand that the population decline in rural areas of Kayacık district has accelerate dover time and the town has lost its status and became a village today. It is believed that the study will contribute to the population and settlement history of the Ottoman Empire in the context of Kayacık district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]