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OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a project which aim is to create a free editable world map. Success of this project and, especially, free access to its data pushed a number of research groups and institutions to use its map in different ways and/ or to work with it as an information source. Also OSM data became a base for an amount of specific GIS programs and packages which are commercial and, thereby, is not opened for free use. The main components of OSM project will be described briefly within the scope of this article. They include approaches for map production and edition, download of OSM data, usage principles of OSM information source, OSM data structure and their elements, overview of services and applications which use OSM and its data in a varying degree. The second part of the article will be connected with presentation of special OSM-based GIS software: its objectives, possibilities, functions and perspectives. OSM data about transport infrastructure was chosen as an object to clarify existing software features and their usage. With help of this example, the following software possibilities will be shown: OSM data download, their processing and classification, analysis and interpretation of OSM data concerning selected object, creation of different outputs including visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most cases, the problem of migration pathway for higher animals (as Lynx lynx, Ursus actors, Canis lupus, Cervus elaphus, Alces alces), is not actualization for USES, (Territorial System of Ecological Stability) for territorial planning. Ecological centres and ecological corridors are structural elements of USES, but not migration routes. This term (migration route) is not protected by the Czech legislation. The theoretical part of this article, deals with the characteristics of the area designed and mapping (migration throughput of the landscape Podbeskydi) and the theoretical approaches to the examined issues. There is also the brief methodology of creating ecological corridors and migration routes, because these terms are different. The practical section summarizes the current state of conservation of nature and landscape in the area, describes the methodology and field work are localized hot spots of migration route. Summary of this work is to determine whether the line of migration route is properly conducted, and then there is a proposal a new line of migration route. All practical results are represented by maps, created by GIS software. Requirement for the investigation of this migration route was placed by Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic, subdivision Ostrava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]