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The article is devoted to the study of the legal framework of the Russian state, designed to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic territories. According to the authors of this article, the desire to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic zone was the basis for the adoption of a number of important strategic documents containing the requirements of environmental safety in the implementation of economic activities in the Russian Arctic. At the same time, the authors note the weaknesses in management in the environmental (nature protection) sphere, as well as the imperfection of the Russian environmental legislation, which does not take into account the natural and climatic features of the Arctic zone and the vulnerability of the Arctic ecological systems to anthropogenic impact. According to the authors, the management system in the Arctic zone should be ecologically oriented and take into account the specific features of these territories. Only such an approach can ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic region, and accordingly the Russian Federation as a whole. According to the authors of this article, in order to improve Russian environmental legislation and bring it in line with the program strategic documents on the development of the Arctic, it is necessary to: make changes to the Federal Law “On Environmental Protection” in terms of establishing special environmental requirements for business entities implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; change the procedure for reviewing and approving project and business documentation in the course of licensing business activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. All projects of economic activities in the Arctic zone should be subject to state environmental impact assessment, for which it is necessary to introduce this provision into the Federal Law "On Environmental Impact Assessment". Special licensing conditions for activities in the Arctic zone should be stipulated in the RF Law “On Subsoil”. Amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, providing for special responsibility of economic entities and officials for causing environmental harm in the Arctic zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the complex consideration of the problem of health protection as one of the most important directions of the social policy of the modern state. Noting the social orientation of the majority of democratic states, the authors point to the inextricable link between the notions of social assistance and health protection. This conclusion they draw on the basis of analysis of international and domestic legal acts. In the study of the question of the place and role of health in the structure of social wellbeing, the content of the concept of "social well-being" in its most common interpretations in Russia and abroad is explored. The closeness of the initial definition of the concept of "health" given in the Constitution of the World Health Organization is the notion of "social well-being" used in the English-language scientific literature to characterize social well-being. All this, according to the authors, is an argument in favor of the fact that health protection is an integral element of social assistance implemented in the social policy of the state, despite attempts to divide the scope of these concepts, undertaken in scientific works and in the practice of legislative activity. The research is interdisciplinary and based on methodological methods of jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an analysis of the relevance of such problems of the Russian legal doctrine and practice as a provision of the collective interests in the field of public health. Taking into account the paramount importance of health as a factor determining the quality of life, the authors emphasize the special role of social mechanisms for the protection and promotion of health. The most effective mechanism is similar, in their opinion, is a legal mechanism, the essence of which is to give the protection of health the status of subjective law. The authors point out that most countries in the world, including Russia, follow this path. In the Russian Federation, the basic human right in the field of health is formulated as a «right to health» and is enshrined in the Constitution as follows: «everyone has the right to health care and medical care». In this expression, the word «everyone» emphasizes the subjective nature of the right to health protection, its focus on the interests of an individual. The authors fully share the need for such an approach for realizing the rights of citizens in the field of health, and at the same time they are asked whether this approach fully ensures the collective interest of the society in the field of health, taking into account the fact that personal and public interest may not coincide. According to the authors, modern Russian health legislation does not fully ensure public interests as the interests of society as a whole; it focuses its efforts on realizing the individual interests of citizens in this field. That is, in the Russian legislation regulating in the area of health, the absence of a reasonable balance between public and private interests that could eventually lead to serious consequences for Russian society as a whole. The main idea of the article is that, in modern conditions, the individual's own health ceases to be an exclusively personal good, and accordingly exclusively personal law, because his health directly affects the health of other people, and accordingly their interests. Proceeding from this, the personal health of an individual can represent an object of public interest, and accordingly require public-legal mechanisms for its provision. The authors believe that in the sphere of health care it is necessary to expand the application of the method of legal binding, which in this area is the most adequate for realizing the common interest of the entire society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the most pressing problems of Russian reality - ensuring the environmental security of the country. This problem is investigated by the authors in the context of their awareness of the fact that Russia's environmental problems are part of the global environmental problem and, accordingly, require for their solution not only domestic measures, but also broad coordination of environmental actions of the Russian Federation with the actions of other countries and international organizations within the framework of the concluded environmental agreements. The authors note that in Russia the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring environmental security is built on the basis of the constitutional provision on the right of citizens to a favorable environment (art. 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). It is the implementation of this constitutional right, as well as related rights such as the right to health protection (Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the right to life (Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) underlies all measures taken by the state in the field of environmental protection. It would seem that the need to implement the fundamental constitutional provisions was to contribute to building the most effective mechanism for ensuring environmental safety and environmental protection, but the Russian environmental and legal mechanism is far from perfect. Sectoral mechanisms for ensuring the environmental interests of the state, society and man are not always properly coordinated among themselves and often pursue different goals. There are serious problems at the level of determining the objects of legal protection, the powers of government agencies for environmental protection, the normative content of basic concepts, etc. All this does not contribute to the real protection of the environment by legal means. To the problems of a legal nature, insufficient financing of environmental measures, peculiarities of mentality and legal awareness of Russian citizens, underdevelopment of environmentally friendly technologies, etc. are added. The article cites data of official state institutions and nature protection organizations that allow to compile a holistic view of the state of the environmental situation in Russia as a whole and by its individual regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research - analysis of legal regulation of theoretical and practical problems of environmental activities in the Russian Federation and to ensure environmental safety.The study authors was based on formal logic methods, comparative method, legal and dogmatic, the system and method futurological. The fundamental method of research is the analysis.A good environment is a necessary condition of human existence. Of all the important factors that directly affect their lives and health, environmental factor is probably the most important because of its impact survival of the human species. In this regard, a particularly urgent problem of environmental security, and, accordingly, the legal and environmental protection, as her condition in recent decades raises serious concerns. Given the fact that the right to a healthy environment is a fundamental right of every person, its implementation should be provided at the highest legal level - constitutional, ie, press con constitutional and legal safeguards to ensure these vital interests of society and the state. In addition, you need a specific mechanism to ensure citizens' environmental rights. At the same time, in a favorable environment to ensure legal protection in Russia there are problems, both theoretical and practical.The first group includes problems of correlation of basic concepts, for example, such as:. "Environmental protection" and "environmental security" Ambiguity estimates in this matter leads to a lack of proper legal instruments in addressing issues of environmental rights of citizens. Furthermore, in such a situation it becomes quite clear regulatory purposes.The second group of problems are the problems associated with the imperfection of environmental legislation. The paper presents the author's view on existing problems of ecological safety, and suggest possible ways to solve theoretical problems and improve legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role and significance of health protection activities in the processes of social interaction at the national (internal) and international levels. The authors focus on the contradictions existing in modern societies in the relations between different social strata, on the discrepancy between the interests of the political elite and the interests of the majority of citizens, on the confrontation of the world elites among themselves, which contributes to the development of social alienation processes and creates a threat to the integrity of the human society both within individual countries, And all over the world. In this regard, a very urgent task is the search for consolidating principles that can unite people on the basis of positive interaction. According to the authors, the specific directions of the socially significant activities, allowing it to stabilize the whole system "man - society - state" in the long term is a human health activities. The authors argue that this activity is one of the most effective consolidation of the society tools and smoothing of social contradictions, both within states and at international level, as is obvious to everyone and its humanitarian values and a practical necessity in the face of global threats posed by the spread of pandemics, development biology, genetic engineering, and others. The possibilities of using the healthcare sphere as a promising area of interaction between society and the state are examined primarily in the example of Russia. In addition, the paper analyzes the international legal possibilities for cooperation in the field of health states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research - analysis of the concept of "health protection " in the Russian and international laws and regulations from the standpoint of compliance with the fundamental concepts of the law in the field of human health. The study authors was based on formal legal (normative-dogmatic) method, comparison method, logical method, the method of induction and generalization. In addition to these methods, as a specific research methods used linguistic interpretation, as well as studying the etymology of the word "protect" in the Russian language. The fundamental method of the study was to analyze. The results of this research can be used in the process of a deeper scientific understanding of the legal concept of "health", which is widely used in international and domestic legal practice of modern Russia. Conclusions and suggestions made in the course of the study can be used by Russian and foreign legislators, professional legal community (including the scientific community) to create new draft regulations, as well as in the process of developing recommendations for improving the existing legal framework in the field of health. It seems the authors of the article, that the diverse interpretations of the term "health", submitted to the Russian and international legal acts, as well as the points of view of scientists on this issue, can play a positive role in the legal consolidation of specific powers, constituents in the health content of the basic human right . The authors draw attention to the breadth and diversity of the concept "health protection" in the similarities and differences in the data understanding terms in Russia and abroad. The article concludes that contained in the Russian legislation the definition of "health" concepts to the greatest extent reflect in the health content of the basic human rights. Also, just as a system of health specific measure, not health, as such, it can be legally guaranteed by the state. In this regard, as contained in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the term "right to health", establishing this right, in the current political and legal conditions most preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of inbound and outbound tourism in Russia, followed by isolation the problems of this industry and the designation of perspective directions of its reform. We used the analysis, a statistical method, comparative method, a method of forecasting as the methods of research. The study results can be used in the tourism industry of the Russian Federation in the process of increasing the efficiency of the tourism business. In addition, they may pose an interest to foreign counterparties, because they allow them to assess the prospects of their investments in the development of Russian tourism industry. This practical significance of the work is due to presence in it the references to ways of increasing the efficiency of the tourism business in Russia in the context of the promotion and development of inbound and outbound tourism. The article presents the characteristic entry flows into the Russian Federation. Allocated types of tourism which are perspective for development in Russia, particularly recreational tourism (33% of the countryhas recreational resources), primarily designed for domestic consummers; cultural sightseeing, including river tourism (length of navigable waterways 115,000 kilometers);an active sport (climbing, skiing) - firstlypost-Olympic Sochi region; Ecological - Karelia, the coast of Lake Baikal, Altai region (south of Siberia), the Far East (reserves of Primorye and Kamchatka). Here were marked the problems of the Russian tourism industry, including: 1. Planning issues (as part of program-target method of public administration); 2. infrastructure problems; 3. The problem of financing (including in connection with the change of the economic situation in the world and sanctions against Russia);4. The problem of training professional personnel for the tourism business; 5. The legal problems (conflict of laws rules, the uncertainty in matters of responsibility of tour operators and travel agents, etc.). Also there was marked underdevelopment event tourism. Given the awareness of the importance of tourism as a sector of the national and world economy, authors emphasize importance of the tourism industry for the economy of Russia as a source of foreign exchange earnings and factor of population employment and mobility. Authors specially emphasizes the multiplicate effect of the tourism industry for the economy of Russia in the conditions of foreign direct investment reduction that was a consequence imposed against the our country's economic sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research is to study the mechanism of international legal cooperation states in the field of health to substantiate the practical ability of its use in the process of realization of the constitutional rights of citizens to health care. The main method of study was an analysis (including structural and functional and logic), other than that used systematic and descriptive methods. The results of this work can be used in the practice of international cooperation in the field of health and serve as a basis for further research in the development of specific international legal ways to ensure and implement the constitutional right to health protection. This authors statement is based on that in their work: 1. Importance of health as a joint interstate activities of the subject is measured at the new way; 2. On the basis of the study was concluded independent role of the mechanism of international legal cooperation in the field of health care in the whole mechanism of international law to ensure human rights and freedoms. Allocated and characterized features of the mechanism. Its structure was allocated; 3. It has been proved a practical possibility and necessity of using mechanism of international legal cooperation in the field of health care as a legal method of realizing the right to health care for the citizens of a particular state. At the moment the necessity of health care recognized, perhaps all. It is no coincidence, consequently the right to health (or "right to health") is fixed in most modern constitutions, which in itself gives this law a special social and legal status. At the same time safeguarding the right to health depends on a variety of factors, foremost among which will be: political stability, level of economic development, culture of the population. These factors manifest themselves in their positive value not in all countries. It would seem that such situation deprives the population of less developed and fragile states, of any prospects for real getting the minimum of care at least. However, international law has a whole set of tools that allow such countries to stay within the legal framework to ensure this human right. Taken together, these legal means form the mechanism of realization of the right to health, at that universal mechanism that allows to use it both in the practice of the international community, and the practice of individual states. It is a mechanism of international legal cooperation, which, in our opinion, currently, acquired the features of an independent legal institution in the system of international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research is the study of federal and other laws of the Russian Federation in order to identify gaps in the normative definitions of concepts: production, service, quality, safety, which doesn't allow to form a clear system of criteria of quality and product safety and services in Russia, which are of fundamental importance for ensuring the right to health. The study methods were used: formal-legal (dogmativny), Linguistic, comparative method, method of analysis. Research results can form the basis for the creation of a specialized system of legal quality and safety of products and services (the creation of which the authors of this article argue), which should become the basis of all Russian legal mechanism to ensure the right to health. The problems of normative concepts of quality and safety which identified by the authors allowed to them to make this conclusion. These problems are the contradictory, variation in interpretation, the abstractness of the definitions contained in the Russian legislation. In addition, the authors found disparity in the legal regulation of the issues of quality and safety of products and services that in the conditions of Russian reality creates a serious problem for the realization of the right to health. In this paper contains specific proposals to improve the legal framework in this area. Qualitative and safe products and services, being the underlying determinants of health, are the, respectively, and the necessary components of the right to health, which implementation allows us to speak about the level of provision of constitutional law. So, it is difficult to overestimate the value of the right to receive quality and safe goods and services in the overall system of powers that make up the right to health. Among the many problems, associated with the implementation of the right to health in Russia, the issue of quality and safety of products and services is perhaps the most pressing. This problem, in addition to its direct relevance for public health, has strongly pronounced sound legal because the legal support of the quality and safety of any products, including made-for-sale items (things), that is goods and works and services - is the basis of all legal mechanism to ensure the right to health. At the same time, only one recognition of the consumers for righto the safety of goods (works, services), as was done in the RF Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" from 07.02.92g. №2300-1, is not enough. Thus, before the Russian legislator faced with the task of creating a specialized regulatory system that can effectively ensure the quality and safety of incoming goods in turnover and the works (services). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to analyze the constitutional right to health with other rights and freedoms based on an integrative approach in order to understand their relationship and interaction. The methods of the study were systemic, functional, logical method, the method of analysis. Results of the study provide a better understanding of the foundations of the system of fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the elucidation of key importance in the mechanism of realization of many of their constitutional right to health protection, which allows the Russian legislator to consider this fact when building its regulatory system software. This author's statement is due by obtained result of them study, which are include the following: 1. The fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen form a system, which is a set of legal norms securing these rights and freedoms, which are interconnected in certain functional and hierarchical relations and communications, and which form a certain integrity;2. The nature of the relationships between different groups of rights which was analyzed by the example of the right to health doesn't allow to contrast socio-economic rights of personal and political rights; 3. The constitutional right to health care combining features of both socio-economic and personal rights, is largely the integrating beginning for the whole system of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen;4. The key of the constitutional right to health in the mechanism of realization of many other rights and freedoms determined by the importance of the phenomenon of health as a social good, largely determines the actual possibility of their implementation. Hence, the implementation of the right to health as one of the most important public policy objectives must act as one of the foundations of the constitutional system. Consideration of the place of the constitutional right to health protection in the system of rights and freedoms of man and citizen should imply consideration of the relationship of this right to other rights and freedoms, namely in terms of their relationship and interaction within the framework of a clear understanding of the systems of these rights. Therefore, the most appropriate approach to human rights - integrative. As part of this approach is reasonable to speak of the "interpenetration" of the right to health and other constitutional rights, whose essence is that certain powers, in general, make up the content of the right to health, present in the amount of other human rights, and vice versa. This circumstance caused by the total dependence of many constitutional rights by implementation of the right to health, which is manifested in the first place, that the state of health in many cases, is a factor in determining a real opportunity to use the majority of personal, political and socio-economic rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to study the practice of using interactive teaching technologiesin the system of higher professional educationin the Russian Federation for defining problems and prospects of their development. In the course of the research there were used methods of logical justification, analysis, descriptive method, statistical and system-functional methods. The research result can be used in the practice of introduction of interactive technologies in educational process of professional training and empowering professional personnel with the necessary set of competencies. The results of the study can be informative and analytical base for developers of interactive educational technologies, will help to increase the effectiveness of these technologies and facilitate a wider dissemination of the competence approach in educational practice of modern Russia. This is confirmed by the fact that in the course of the study the authors clearly identified the factors determining the need of implementation in the Russian system of higher professional education the competency approach (i.e., trainingmodel, based on the formation of competences). The fundamental role of interdisciplinary integration of competence developmentis proved, as well as overcoming professional limitations and expanding a skill set. However, the contradictions in the development of interdisciplinary integration in Russiaare also observed and analyzed. All this is accompanied by concrete examples of practice of realization of interdisciplinary integration in educational institutions. The authors presented a detailed characterization of interactive teaching methods, the most widespread in Russia. However, a lack of their use is mentioned and the reasons for this are given. These reasons were summarized by the authors and presented in their work in a systematic way. The objective situation in the labour market clearly indicates the priority of generic skills, not disparate (albeit deep) knowledge for successful professional activity. Nowadays professional success is mostly determined by the ability to resolve professional tasks and problems, and to work in a team. That involves the formation of a specific set of professional competencies. In Russia at state level the concerned circumstance is defined clearly. Federal state educational standards of higher professional education are aimed directly at the formation of competencies. While the actual practice of professional training is still far from that. However, there is some experience in the implementation of the competence approach already, which is carried out through the use of interactive teaching technologies, examined in detail in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research isto substantiate the need for a new paradigm of developmentof the Russian system of educationbased on the analysis of problematic aspects of reforming. The authors' study was based on the use of methods of dialectics, formal logic, comparative method, system, and statistical. Though, the basic method of the whole research was the analysis. The conclusions and proposals made in the course of the study, can be used by the Russian legislator, professional educational communities (including foreign), heads of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation, scientific-research organizations in creation of projects of normative acts, as well as in the process of developing recommendations for the adjustment of the educational policy of the Russian Federation in accordance with its national interests. Analysis of the practice of the educational reform its tendencies and consequences, allowed the authors to ascertain a number of problems in the national educational system, and to identify the causes of these problems. The necessity of creation of conceptually new model of Russian education is justified. The authors formulate suggestions for the improvement of educational reforms, give recommendations on how to modernize the system of professional training. For more than 20 years, the Russian Federation keeps its educational system in permanent reform. The purpose of numerous reforms has been the attempt to adapt the national educational system to the changing economic, social and ideological conditions. However, the crudity, the haste, the incoherence and fragmentary nature of the reforms has not allowed Russia to achieve their desired goals. Today there are many problemsin the Russian educational system. The practice of mechanical (blind) copy of foreign educational models without taking into account national peculiarities of Russia contributed to it in a great extent. Today the main task of Russian education is to create a new paradigm of development which would take into account the errors and allowto eliminate the negative results of the previous reforms. The above problems are subjected to comprehensive analysis in this article. The authors trace the systemic and structural changes in Russian education that have occurred in recent years. They draw attention to the incompleteness of these transformations and their contradictory nature, which does not allow to modernize the Russian educational system in accordance with the requirements of the time. In some cases there is a tendency to return to the educational standards of the Soviet period. Some of the latest decisions of the Ministry of education and science and the Government of Russiaare criticized, which, are premature and not relevant to the modern opportunities of the Russian Federation.according to the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research - revealing the role and significance of integration processes in the European education from the standpoint of their assessment as a tool of practical cooperation between the West and the East. The study of authors was based on the method of induction, the logical method, the futurist (prognostic) method, general scientific dialectic method. The results of this study can be used in the course of implementation of educational policies and educational reforms in the Russian Federation, as well as for further improvement of the mechanism of interaction between scientific and educational communities of Russia and Europe and its member States in the field of education and science. The authors investigate the mechanisms of interaction and mutual influence that occurs in the course of integration of European education. Evaluate the most effective forms of scientific and educational cooperation, promoting the development of cultural dialogue between Russia and the West. The modern world is a complex, contradictory, but a single organism. The planetary problems, particularly those that threaten humanity today, help to realize that fact. Such problems as international terrorism, poor environment, pandemics - can only be solved by joint efforts of all highly developed countries. However, the unification of these efforts is hampered by existing world disunity, especially noticeable in connection with the aggravation of relations between the West - in the face of US and Western Europe and the East - in the face of Russia. According to the authors of the article, the reasons for periodic exacerbation of relations between Russia and the West are not only political and economic contradictions. The underlying causes consist in the difference of attitude, different understanding of those or other values, in the assessment of different development objectives and priorities. Thus, the main line of division between Russia and the Western world (primarily Europe) is in the field of mentality, and this is due to the differences of spiritual and moral values underlying the Russian and Western societies. However, the necessity of combating global threats causes the need to find points of contact between Russia and Europe. According to the authors of the article, in terms of economic and political differences that education can become a global, permanent channel of interaction between East and West. In future this will allow to overcome the existing alienation, which will contribute to strengthening cooperation of Russia with the rest of the world. On this basis, the article states argues that integration of educational systems of Russia and Europe, actively ongoing in the framework of the Bologna process, has not only educational and cultural value, but is also of great political significance. This integration is not exhausted by the unification of educational standards, it is a step towards the development of European civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research - the study of the content and peculiarities of realization of innovative model of higher education in the Russian Federation to indicate the most promising directions of its improvement. Research problems were solved through the use of methods of structural analysis, rationale, sociological, comparative and systemic-functional methods. The results of this study can be used in the process of deeper understanding of the problems of innovative education in the framework of further scientific and theoretical studies, as well as in the implementation of practical models of innovative development of higher education in Russia. The conclusions and proposals made by the authors, can serve as a basis for improving the existing approaches to formation of innovative infrastructure of education. The practical significance of this work is proved by the authors' analysis of implementation practice of innovative approachesin the Russian education, as well as the analysis of opinions of Russian and foreign scientists, that allowed the authors to draw a conclusion about the role of education in the innovative development of society, to formulate dissenting in their country point of view about the content of innovative education, identify problems of higher education in Russia. The proposed article draws attention to the recent changes in the quality and amount of incoming information to a person. Significant improvement of information flow requires from contemporary people the ability to react quickly to changing situations. Here (in this regard) significantly the role of educationincreases, in the conditions of information society it aims to create a new type of human consciousness, which is based on knowledge and intellectual capacity for intellectual innovation. People with this type of consciousness are able to be authors of innovations, allowing to make a technological leap, so necessary for all economies of the world. The authors present their own interpretation of the concept and content of an innovative model of education. Its essence lies in changing the goals, content and technologies of education. The basic innovative approaches implemented in Russian higher education (implemented in the higher educational system of the Russian Federation) are emphasized. The article concludes that innovative education is impossible without the creation of innovative infrastructure. The authors describe various models of innovative infrastructure, introduced (widespread) in Russia. Special attention is given to the created scientific and technical clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]