Search

The article examines the relationship between the tasks facing geologists and the General state of the economy of the USSR and modern Russia. Since the end of the 19th century, geology has moved away from purely historical research of the Earth and is increasingly focused on the search and exploration of minerals and on merging with the mining industry. Given that the territory of the USSR and modern Russia has almost all types of minerals, it is most profitable to use the resources located on its own territory. Hence, the assumption is made that by the tasks that geologists have faced or are facing in Russia, it becomes possible to determine the general vector of development of the economy and society. The purpose of the article is to prove this assumption. For this purpose, we consider periods when the nature of economic development set the vector for the development of geology and extractive industry, as well as when achievements in geology and extractive industry changed the structure of the country's economy. The following indicators will be used as criteria for assessing the state of the geology of Western Siberia: the level of scale and quality of regional geological mapping; the state of the geological education as a response to the needs of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the problem of interaction between regional geological practices and geological education in the classical university exemplified by Siberian educational entities. Turning to real geological works in classical universities can reveal new aspects of geological knowledge for historians and methodologists of geology. It is important to emphasize that regional works are fundamental for all types of geological practices. It was proved that decline in funding for regional geological works that resulted from Russia’s transition to a market economy, negatively affects geological education development in classical universities of our country. Decline in funding for regional geological works forces students to attend professional retraining after graduation. This tendency can be dangerous for the economy as it can result in serious economic losses and lack of explored resources portfolio for mining. It will be impossible to avoid crisis both in classical geological education and in our economy, if strategic regional geological research is not resumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the establishment of Soviet power, there have been changes not only in socio-economic development, but also in the scientific and educational complex of Siberia. In the first half of the 1920s, the academic community of physicists was able to partially realize their ideas about the establishment of a research institute that would unite the efforts of physicists in the region. The article focuses on the study of the specificities of the structure, financial position, main directions and key results of the Institute of Applied Physics (IPF) at Tomsk technological institute. With very modest financial support and lack of help on the part of the local authorities, the physicists of the IPF managed to carry out research on actual fundamental and practical questions of physics. In particular, the researchers of the IPF managed to conduct a comprehensive study of the problems of metallography, metallurgy, resistance of materials and physical phenomena. At the same time, shortcomings and problem areas in the activity of the IPF can be traced: lack of coordination and weak level of interaction between scientists, low level of interaction with enterprises and authorities. At the same time, the scientific potential accumulated by the IPF allowed the Siberian Physical Technical Institute to be created on its basis later on. The article is intended for all those interested in the history of science and technology, the history of Siberia and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period of 1970-1985 became that period of the highest development of the SPhTI. SPhTI was the country's leading academic institute in the development of scientific areas related to the solution practically significant problems in the promising fields of science and technology. Among these fields the following should be mentioned the theory of alloys and the development of cold-resistant materials; The theory and development of methods for receiving weak optical radiation, methods for amplifying radio signals of the microwave band; Investigation of complex semiconductor systems; radio waves proliferation in heterogeneous media, automated design of circuits, nonparametric statistics, mathematical support of automated control systems and other topical issues of physics, electronics and cybernetics. During this period, a new scientific direction was launched in the field of cybernetics, solid-state physics and radiophysics, on the basis of which large scientific schools were subsequently formed. Particular attention is paid to the identification and analysis of the main forms and models of interaction between SPhTI and defense industry, academic institutes and universities. The article is intended for all those interested in the history of science, Siberia and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific community of Siberia as a special category of society was established in the end of XIX century. It was connected with the opening of the Tomsk Imperial University in 1878 and became a sign of occurring sociopolitical, cultural and economic processes in the country. The scientific community of physicists of Siberia played an important role in the process of rapid development of the country, especially during the period of industrialization. The need of the USSR to go to the new technological frontier in the 1920-s have been required the active involvement of the scientific community of the country in solving practical problems of industrial upgrading and intensification of production. The Siberian Physical-Technical Institute (SPhTI), which was opened in 1928, became the first scientific research institute in the university system of the country, as well as the first and the only one Research Institute in the field of exact sciences and engineering to the east of the Ural mountains line. SPhTI has become a center for the consolidation of the scientific community of physicists of Siberia. The Institute has been accessed from many Siberian cities for resolution of various issues (problems of plasticity and strength of solids, flaw detection, spectral analysis application in metallurgy and geology, the state of the ionosphere and radio communications, the properties of insulators, etc.). SPhTI's research has been holding influenced by requirements from the industry. It has allowed reducing the time of implementation of scientific research results into production. The Institute has gradually turned into a scientific center of physics and physical research center for training of highly qualified personnel and the promotion of physics knowledge. The significance of SPhTI as one of the leading academic institutions, which had successfully integrated science, education and production, has been especially obvious during the period of the Great Patriotic War. This article is intended for those who interested in the history of science and higher education, the history of Siberia and the Soviet period of Russian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of rapid development of scientific and technological progress, prosperity and the highest development of Soviet science began in the period of 1960-1980-ies. It resulted in the development of studying the space, the appearance of lasers, computers, and other consequences of the Scientific and Technological Revolution. The Siberian Physical-Technical Institute has been involved in this process as the first university in the east of the country and one of the country's largest research centers in the field of physics. During this period the subjects of scientific research, which were aimed at the development of basic research, have been completely changed and new scientific schools and directions have been developed. The main point of this article is focused on the model of development of scientific institutions in the system of higher education, which has been developed and proven by the director of SPhTI M. Krivov. This model is a good example of effective organization and development of scientific research and it allows us to estimate the value of university research to the strengthening of the scientific and educational potential of Siberia and the country. This article is intended for those who interested in the history of science and higher education, the history of Siberia and the Soviet period of Russian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the university teaching community of Russia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries as a particular social category of Russian society. The changes that followed the collapse of the USSR had a serious effect on all the layers and categories of society, including the university lecturer community. The authors make an attempt to reveal the basic manifestations of the corporate identity by the representatives of university teaching community. It is the author's opinion in the late XX - early XXI the corporate identity of the university community representatives manifested in the attempts of self-organization, practices of intercession for members of the community, interested attitude to high school symbolism. Public organizations aimed at protecting the interests of university lecturers and researchers began to emerge in the period under review on their initiative. "The society of scientists" and "University solidarity" can be attributed to one of the most influential organizations. A manifestation of corporate identity can certainly be called the practice of intercession of academic community for its members who need protection. A few illustrative cases that reflect this phenomenon are discussed in the article. Finally, concerned, interested attitude of lecturers to the symbolism of the organizations in which they work, as well, according to the authors, indicates their psychological attachment to the university and identifying themselves as members of one community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under circumstances of globalization and transformation of Russian society the identity crisis is taking its toll. This crisis is caused by the collapse of foundations and values of Soviet period and the loss of historical ties with traditions of Russian nationhood. In this respect, the research of university research and teaching community as a special category within Russian society becomes pertinent. On the basis of published sources our previous ethnographic research conducted in 2014-2015 among university lecturers of Tomsk universities factors that influenced the formation of corporate identity of Russian university lecturer's community in 1990-2012 have been analyzed. In the course of our research negative positive and neutral (dual) factors have been discerned and analyzed. Among negative ones we have analyzed demographic situation in Russian in 1990s, holding of more than one office, the decrease of the variety of traditional corporate events. Among neutral (dual) factors are the following: the emergence of lecturers of completely new kind, feminization of academic and teaching staff, university autonomy. Positive factors that have beneficial effect on formation and strengthening of corporate identity of university lecturers are the following: the practice of formation of corporate university culture, enhance prestige of lecturer's social standing, self-recruiting. The article is meant for all interested in Russian history, history and anthropology higher education and science as well as post-Soviet period of Russian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1960-1980s became a period of intensive development of scientific and technological progress, burgeoning o and the highest point of development of Soviet science. All that resulted in exploration of space, emergence of laser etc. Tomsk scientific and educational complex that was one of the largest scientific centers in the country became involved in this process which reflected in its internal development. This period was characterized by drastic rearrangement of research agenda that aimed at the development of fundamental studies in the most promising fields of science and technology, new forms of organization of science rose. On the initiative of postgraduate students and young researchers supported by directorates of scientific research institutes (NII) numerous councils of young researchers and specialists emerge (SMUS). The SMUS activities were aimed at support consolidation and coordination of work of young scientists. SMUS became one of the most efficient societal forms of organization of science. Other regions followed the Tomsk example and established SMUS-es of their own. In this article main stages of formation and development of these councils, lines of activity and key results have been analyzed. The article is meant for all interested in history of science and education, history of Siberia and Soviet history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of both published and unpublished sources this article reconstructs the history of societal forms of organization of science in Siberia in 1960s. This problem is analyzed through the case study of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council. This council was established in 1967 and became the first in its kind societal form of consolidation of scientists and universities. Further on the all-Union association of university rectors was established on its basis. The article examines causes of emergence of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council, the main results of its activities are analyzed. Also, the contribution of this organization in socio-cultural and economic modernization of Soviet society is evaluated. The historical study of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council in 1960s adds to the understanding of timely issues related to the development of science in Russia and particularly in Siberia. Also this work allows to broaden the understanding the role of societal forms of science organization in social life on the macro-regional example, and finally to determine the role of Siberian scientific and educational complex in the global research-educational sphere. The article is meant for all interested in Russian history, history and anthropology of science, and also in Soviet period of Russian history in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of societal forms of organization and development of research in physics on the example of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council and Tomsk Council of University rectors. This research is based on both published and unpublished sources. 1960-1970s became a period of rapid development of scientific-technical progress and groundbreaking research in physics. Main fields and research results are analyzed, an assessment of contribution of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council and Tomsk Council of University rectors in organization and development of research in promising fields of physics is made. The historical study of Tomsk Interuniversity Coordination Council in 1960s adds to the understanding of timely issues related to the development of science in Russia and particularly in Siberia. Also this work allows to broaden the understanding the role of societal forms of science organization in social life on the macro-regional example, and finally to determine the role of Siberian scientific and educational complex in the global research-educational sphere. The article is meant for all interested in Russian history, history and anthropology of science, and also in Soviet period of Russian history in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of the development of science in mid 1940s- mid 1950s on the basis of both published and unpublished sources focusing on the example of Tomsk scientific and educational complex. Processes concerned with demilitarization of science after the Great Patriotic War are discerned and analyzed, main fields of research and the most prominent results produces within them are characterized. Cold war that began in 1946 deeply influenced the transformation of research paradigms in confronting superpowers. Special attention is paid to the role of state, party organizations in the development of science, extension of research in the interest of Soviet military-industrial sector under the circumstances of the beginning of the Cold War. On the other hand, the article focuses on the significance of consolidation of scientific and educational community of Tomsk and development of large research projects in promising research fields and beyond that training of high-quality staff. The article is meant for all interested in Russian history, history and anthropology of science, and also in Soviet period of Russian history in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents an attempt to reconstruct the history of scientific and educational community in Tomsk throughout two decades (1920-1930s) on the basis of both published and unpublished sources. For the first time authors have formulated the notion of crisis of university lecturers' corporate identity influenced by shaping of the Soviet state based on regional example. Factors of formation and manifestation of scientific and educational community corporate identity have been discerned and analyzed. Special attention was paid to role of state and party organizations in the process of transformation of university community in 1920-1930s, staff and social rotation of scientific and educational community. Despite radical political and socioeconomic changes, that the country had undergone in 1920-1930s the community of higher education lecturers remained a specific social stratum with unique and distinctive characteristics. The article is meant for all interested in Russian history, history and anthropology of higher education and science, and also in Soviet period of Russian history in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted the first scientific research institute in the field of exact and engineering science in the east of Russia. The author reveals the principal causes of institute appearance, the purpose and the objectives of its work, the personnel structure. The author defines the contribution of the institute scientific achievements to the scientific potential of Siberia. V.D.Kuznetsov's personal acquaintance with the leading scientists-physicists of the country became an important factor which accelerated the process of promoting the institute establishment initiative. V.D. Kuznetsov initiated correspondence with Leningrad scientists: academicians A.F. Ioffe and P.P. Lazarev; professor N.N. Semenov and others. The author reveals the basic scientific orientations of Siberian physicotechnical institute: physics of firm body, physicit of electromagnetic fluctuations and spectroscopy. On the basis of these orientations, the schools of thought were generated, the developments which woud contribute considerably to scientific potential were conducted. The significant scientific results reached in Siberian physicotechnical institute, allowed it to become already an authoritative scientific institution of that time. The institute gradually turned into a centre of science and physics research development, a centre of preparation of highly-skilled personnel and popularisation of physical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyzes the process of formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics. The 1950-1960s became a flourishing era for computer technology and the highest achievements in the scientific field of cybernetics in the USSR. Siberian Physical-Technical Institute (SPhTI) at Tomsk State University (TSU) became the Center of the formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics in the 1950s. in the east of the USSR . In the early 1950s at the department of radiophysics of TSU the associate professors F..P Tarasenko, G.A. Medvedev, senior research associates A.D. Zakrevsky and V.P. Tarasenko organized a group of young teachers and students of TSU and SPhTI. They decided to start the implementation of a major government topic - developing the applied issues of information theory and the development of electronic computers. Later that year the first computer in Siberia "Ural- 1" set up in SPhTI marked the beginning of scientific school in the field of informatics. In the 1950s Tomsk Polytechnic Institute (TPI) implemented the research in the field of automation of particle accelerators, mathematical modeling and the use of computer technology, automation and optimization of systems organizational management of the university. In a short time the intense pace of research in the field of cybernetics turned Tomsk research and education complex into a research center in that on a national scale. The research in the field of cybernetics had important theoretical and practical significance. The studies developed into large schools of thought, conducted the research in the most promising areas of cybernetics. The employees SPhTI under A.D. Zakrevsky developed the logical representation language synthesis algorithms of discrete automata (LYaPAS) and its more sophisticated systems, as well as a number of automatic synthesis of digital machines for design and research organizations in the USSR. On the basis of LYaPAS-71 for the computer programming system of the 2nd generation was created, which anticipated numerous ideas that were developed abroad only by 3rd generation machines. The electron synchrotron "Sirius" designed and launched in 1965 by TPI's employees was the most powerful in the country and one of the largest in the world. The basic research in physics of the acceleration of charged particles, nuclear physics and elementary particle physics, solid state physics were conducted on 'Sitius'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the history of Siberian physicists' scientific community. The main stages of Siberian physicists' scientific community formation and development at the end of the XIX - first half of the XX centuries are reconstructed on the basis of the available academic works, documental materials, including the ones introduced into research for the first time, and the printed media. The author analyzes the part of the physicists' scientific and academic corporation consolidation in developing the fundamental and applied research, in forming the significant schools of thought and spheres in the prospective fields of physics. Author characterized especially the relationships between the physicists scientific community and the authorities. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of consolidation of scientists physicists in the process of Siberia industrial modernization in the XX century. In article considers the first regional conference of physicists of Western Siberia held in April, 1934 on the initiative Siberian physicotechnical institute employees. The significance of the conference was in the consolidation of scientific community and experts of manufacture as well as in the development of scientific community of Siberian physicists. The conference is examined by the author from the point of the implemented state policy of scientific personnel mobilization for the solution of the forced industrialization's issues. The article is intended for those who are interested in the Russian history and the history of higher education and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the identity issues occupies one of the leading positions in Russian and world humanitaristics. The approaches to understanding the essence of 'corporate identity' phenomenon are different. Within the frames of the first approach, corporate identity is considered as a part of professional identity. The issues of corporate and professional identities from the point of personality socialization and personality's professional growth (R.B. Berns, V.A. Yadov, E.R. Ahmetshina, O.L. Leybovich). Within the frames of the second approach, corporate identity is examined as an integral part of corporate culture and corporate social responsibility (M.I. Gomboeva, G.G. Djavadyan, T.B. Sergeeva, O.I. Gorbatko, M.I. Belyaeva, I.G. Gonoshilina). Within the frames of the third approach, corporate identity is studied in the context of social identity (I.G. Zotova, R.Y. Tsibrienko, E.R. Popova). Within the frames of the fourth approach, the researchers (S.A. Lipatova, A.S. Kupriyanova, R. van Dick) study the corporate identity of various professional groups. Although the works devoted to corporate identity are rather diversified, they mainly focus on the contemporary state of matters and are implemented within the frames of sociology and psychology and education approaches. The complex study of Russian universities teaching staff's corporate identity lies within the confluence of history, anthropology, social sciences, psychology and pedagogy. The novelty of our approach lies in examining the issue of teaching staff's corporate identity in historical retrospective with the application of the up-to-date research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the university teaching community of Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries as a particular social category of Russian society. Despite being a relatively sparse group, even from the XIX century, it played a significant part in the life of the country and often was a marker of the social and political processes occurring in Russia. Appeal to the specified object allows us to fill one of the gaps in the comprehensive analysis of the social history of Russia in the late XIX - early XX century. The authors make an attempt to reveal the basic manifestations of corporate identity by representatives of university teaching community. It is the author's opinion that representatives of the university community corporate identity manifested in the late XIX - early XXI in the participation of professors and teachers to discuss "the issue of the university", attempts to self-organization, the presence of some characteristic elements of outlook. Hundreds of professors and lecturers took public participation (in press) in a permanent discussion of topical problems of university life. Belonging to the University forced them to speak out on the most controversial issues of their professional activities, offering a perfect image of the University. Political cataclysm - the first Russian revolution - was the catalyst for the self-organization of university teachers. A variety of "union" to protect the interests of teachers began to take hold during revolutionary period. Analysis value orientations of university professors leads to the conclusion that despite the obvious individual differences representatives of the teaching community had a certain "set" of corporate worldview features concentrated around the notions of honor, duty, professional mission, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]