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For the most risky sections in the metro construction, the postulates of the mining methods using steel structures have to be used. With the classic settings of these methods, innovative technical solutions can be achieved, to which this report is dedicated. It is necessary to search for simplified, safe and durable tunnels and shafts when crossing existing subway lines. On this basis, the statements of the specific geomechanical tasks were formulated. In the case of shafts, the fundamental differences in the application of the classical statements of earth mechanics and the theoreticalexperimental methods for determining earth pressure have been clarified. The specifics between temporary and permanent steel fasteners used in subway construction, as well as the place of shafts in the contact between existing and newly constructed infrastructure, are discussed. The conditions of application of the steel mine fasteners in subway construction and the specifics when constructing the main details of the support frames are clarified. A mixed method between mining and New Austrian is proposed for crossing risk zones with saturated urban infrastructure. The basic principles of modeling and construction of cross tunnels between pipes of metro diameters are considered. The report with examples from practice discusses both the geomechanical problems using steel structures and their engineering solution with specific examples of implemented facilities. They bring out recommendations for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final success of the mining business is primarily based on a correct and responsible evaluation of the mining and technical conditions of mining, resp. the mining and geological conditions of the mining site concerned, and all the legal aspects involved. By evaluating these conditions, together with the optimal choice of mining procedures, it decides on the safe and efficient use of the reserved mineral deposit in the given mining area. The mining area must be delimited and determined on the basis of the mining and geological conditions of the mining site in order to meet all the principles contained in Act No. 44/1988 of the Collection. With the approval of the territorial ecological limits of coal mining, Resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic No. 827 of 19 October 2015, the boundaries of mining activities were changed at a distance of at least 500 m from the built-up area of the municipality. This limit clearly limits the possible approach of large-scale technology to the edge of the southern outcrop of the coal seam. The quarrying process in this part of the territory is fundamentally changing from the original intentions. The final edge of the quarry will be created further from the outcrop of the coal seam, and thus the mining will move in different geotechnical conditions than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the current situation of the largest mining regions in the European Union, which is the Silesia region in Poland. The current legal conditions regarding the adopted ambitious climate goals in the 2030 and 2050 horizon and the resulting obligations of the Member States to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will result in significant changes in the economic profile, in particular in the Silesia region. The energy transformation is a very complex and long-term process, which includes both technological changes in heavy industry, which in turn affects the process of stimulating and developing infrastructure in the mining area. These changes, in turn, lead to the creation of new markets that respond to current demand in line with new social preferences. All these factors can significantly affect the labor market and local communities, therefore the transformation process should protect both the interests of employees leaving mining enterprises and at the same time guarantee a transparent distribution of costs and benefits. These conditions can be met by involving all parties in the dialogue on the future of the mining industry in Poland and alternative directions of economic development. In the study, to assess the dynamics of changes taking place in the Silesia region, a statistical analysis was used based on the relationship of two variables illustrating the key parameters of the economic development of the region, i.e. the dynamics of GDP and the dynamics of employment in the age of 15-74. The analysis was performed in the period covering the years 2016-2020. The research results classify the analyzed regions and macro regions in Poland according to the four types of regions identified in the transformation dynamics matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface mining method enormously affects the environment in terms of fugitive dust emission than underground mining method. High mechanization in mining operations leads to add heavy load of dust to the surrounding area. Dust not only deteriorates the environmental air quality in and around the mining site but also creates serious health hazards. During coal mining activities, large quantities of coal dust, ashes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals are released into the environment, forming a complex mixture. This mixture becomes one of the most important occupational risks for the health and safety of workers due to its synergistic, additive, and enhancing effects. Coal mine workers run the risk of getting respiratory damage due to high levels of dust and other chemical particulate matters. The inhalation of hazardous substances such as coal micro-particles, nanoparticles, and its by-products constitutes an invisible risk to human health. The paper describes the sources of dust at an open pit mine and the effects of coal dust on workers and people living in the vicinity of the mine. The vast majority of dust from mining activities consists of coarse particles and particles larger than PM10, generated from natural activities such mechanical disturbance of rock and soil materials by dragline or shovel, bulldozing, blasting, and vehicles on dirt roads. Fine particles from vehicle exhausts and mobile equipment are also produced at mine sites, though they only account for about 5 per cent of the particles emitted during the mining process. Generally, it is thought that fine particles below 2.5 μm in diameter may be of a greater health concern than larger particles as they can reach the air sacs deep in the lungs. However, coarse particles could also be associated with adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largest damages and environment contamination are caused by the mining and mineral processing industries, as well as the power and chemical industries. That is why when we are speaking of damaged terrains reclamation and soils, first of all we understand reclamation from the impact of these anthropogenic activities. Reclamation places many questions from an economic, social, technical and scientific viewpoint. Reclamation is a complex approach to sustainable management of land degraded as a result of natural or anthropogenic activities. Reclamation of mining damaged landscape is a complex activity aimed to the land restoration for future rational and environmentally sound use. Restoration of damaged areas creates more productive anthropogenic landscapes and habitats of different species. Damaged mining terrains reclamation is a current and complex problem, as an individual approach to each specific object is needed. In recent years there has been a trend towards a humus negative balance. As a result, thousands of hectares of degraded land are deprived of conventional restoration processes that require humus use. This fact marks the beginning of a new technological approach to environmental management - “non-humus reclamation”. The aim of this paper is to broadly explore the properties of the anthropogenic soils from Vetovo region, Bulgaria, Kaolin AD. The soils are formed as a result of the accumulation earth material extracted with open pit mining. Scientific and research program has started to establish the opportunities for anthropogenic soils non-humus biological reclamation. The technogenic soil agrophysical properties were studied and determined. The aim of the program was restoring the function of damaged lands and balanced ecological systems creation. Lastly the conclusions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and chemical characteristics of sludge from the chrome production in the Donskoy Ore Mining and Processing Plant (DOMPP) owned by TNK Kazchrome JSC have been studied. Researches have been performed to determine the gravity concentration ability of sludge tailings using fractional analysis, concentration tables. It was found that it is required to classify the initial sludge into size classes to obtain high technological parameters, and beneficiation with screw separators is ineffective. New data have been obtained for the chromite sludge beneficiation process using modern technological equipment that enables to separate into narrow material size fractions with their subsequent gravity concentration with the help of concentration tables. A concentrate with a content of 50.82% Cr2O3 and a middling product with a content of 30.85% Cr2O3 was obtained as a result of beneficiation of sludge tailings with a content of 28.89% Cr2O3 using concentration tables. The novelty of the work is in the improvement of the beneficiation flow chart for sludge tailings of DOMPP that includes the operation intended to classify sludge tailings into narrow size classes at the process beginning and their separate beneficiation with the help of concentration tables. A schematic diagram of DOMPP sludge tailings beneficiation with the production of a finely dispersed concentrate that is the starting material for the chrome pellet production used for ferrochrome smelting is recommended. The proposed flow chart for sludge tailings beneficiation will enable to involve the enterprise’s current and stale tailings in processing that will increase the technical, economic, and environmental parameters of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fields that are in the late stages of development have low potential and opportunities to solve the accumulated technical and environmental problems due to insufficient profitability of their operation, lack of sources of financing. This fully applies to the fields of the Orenburg region, among the main problems of which should be noted: the growth of the share of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves in low-permeable reservoirs, the share of high-viscosity oil; the low level of utilization of associated petroleum gas. Given the underutilization of gas processing capacities in Orenburg Region, the complex mining and geological conditions of medium-sized oil and gas fields with an undeveloped infrastructure for collecting, preparing and transporting hydrocarbons, utilization of associated gas is becoming an increasingly urgent task. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to develop an innovative solution to the problem of the useful use of associated petroleum gas produced by Orenburg subsoil users. Recently, taking into account the sharp deterioration of the conditions for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, this direction is considered as not only an economic, but also an environmental priority for future development. However, the organization of APG collection and processing according to traditional schemes is an expensive and time-consuming procedure, so the article presents a new technology for utilization of associated petroleum gas for fields in the South-West of the Orenburg region with an undeveloped infrastructure. The proposed technology allows with minimal investment to ensure: a high level of APG utilization; rapid integration into the existing technological system without making significant changes to it; maximum greening of the technological process. The methodological basis of the research is based on the works of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of associated petroleum gas utilization; corporate standards; norms and documents regulating this area of activity: methods of analysis, geological and technical modeling, assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of investment projects. As a result of the work, options for solving the problem were formulated and ranked according to indicators of environmental and economic efficiency, and the technically feasible and most effective project was determined. This is a project of construction of gas pipeline from fields in the South-West to Orenburg gas processing plant subject to prior arrangement of the collection points and flares flow meters, as well as separation in the production of oil and gas APG and stable condensate. When investing in the project 649 million rubles payback period will be half of the normative life of the pipeline and ensure by 2030 the growth rate of APG utilization in the region by 22%, labour productivity in mining and processing of raw materials – 4.4 times, processing volume 15 billion m3. The implementation of the project activities will also allow to increase the production of gas products with high added value. The proposed technology can be replicated in fields in other regions with similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stockpiling and conservation of mining waste is of high social and environmental importance, since it is the mining industry that is characterized by large volumes of waste. It is almost impossible to update information on the ecological state of ore mining and processing wastes accumulated during the deposits development and their impact on the environment by studying the archives of enterprises, due to the incompleteness of the stored data that is not within the scope of industrial interests.In this regard, it seems promising to use remote monitoring methods based on satellite data, which provide objective monitoring of the state of the Earth's surface and is characterized by a repeated frequency of surveys, a significant breadth of coverage, and the availability of digital archives via the Internet.The methodical approach has been substantiated to use the satellite data for assessing the ecological state of stored waste and its environmental impact based on the temporal dynamics of two parameters of the underlying surface: an index characterizing the substantial composition of the waste and a vegetation index characterizing the state of the vegetation cover. Аs an example,using the satellite observations of the iron ore deposit of the Kola mining complex, the authors have determined impact of the stored ore processing waste on the vegetation cover of the surrounding natural landscape by the decreasing temporal dynamics of the vegetation index taking into account the index characterizing the substantial composition of the processed ore.The paper demonstrates the efficiency of creating a vegetation cover on the protective dam of stockpiled ore processing waste,according to a technology developed at the Mining Institute KSC RAS, Russia. The technology provides a much faster formation of a phytocenosis with the structure of the surrounding natural landscape than during self-growth, which is seen in an increasing temporal dynamics of the vegetation index.A methodological approach to monitoring the ecological state of stockpiled mining wastes and their impact on the environment based on satellite data is easy to learn and use and can be recommended to support decision-making on improving the ecological conditions of the region during deposits development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a mine exploitation, the activity of the mine shafts must be carried out under outstanding safety conditions, given that through them we carry out the transport of personnel and materials necessary for the production process and we extract mineral substances. For these reasons, the operating parameters must be within the limits provided by specific regulations, both in the case of supporting and guiding elements of the shaft, as well as those of the extraction plant. The labor protection regulations provide the mandatory time period within which the technical verification of the extraction plant needs to be completed (at least once every six months), the parameters that need to be determined and compared with the permissible limits (the verticality of the shaft tower, horizontal and parallel axis of the spindles, position of the axes of the wheels in relation to the axis of the extraction plant, the deflection angle of the cables). Observations are made regarding the integrity of the construction elements (the shaft tower and the extraction machine house) and their spatial position, as well as to the static and mobile elements of the extraction machine. Because the extraction machine is located in the house of the extraction machine, and the spindles are located in the tower of the well, it is often difficult to make said observations. The classical method of verification requires developing a polygonal route through which observations can be made regarding the elements of the extraction plant and also regarding the elements of the extraction well tower, and also the processing of said observations. The following paper presents a method of data retrieval for the verification of the single-cable extraction installation of a shaft, by means of combined measurements of directions and distances with the use of conventional total stations, and the processing of the aforementioned observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brown Coal Research Institute started the solving of the research project based on the optimisation of the shape and material of ground and mining machines in 2018. This research is necessary for increasing of efficiency of mining process in conditions of the Most Basin. The very important part of the research was the geological characteristic of the Most Basin main mining localities. Evaluation of the geological situation of the Bílina, Vršany and Libouš mines (mining of the overburden rocks in the ČSA mine finished) is the first stage of the solving of the project described in this article. The occurrence of sandy strata and the parameters of hard rocks are the most important parameters. The Brown Coal Research Institute is working in the field of overburden rocks parameters lots of years. It was gained much information about overburden rocks, hard rocks and sands during long term sampling and laboratory works. The most important used laboratory analyses were the content of crystalline quartz, content of siderite, content of calcite and compressive strength. The location of the overburden cuts with similar mining conditions in different mining localities, very important for need of future research, is described in the end of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of this research is to present and discuss information for “Ada Tepe” open pit gold mine geological section within“Khan Krum” gold mine deposit in South-Eastern Bulgaria.The mine is located near to Krumovgrad, approximately three kilometers south of the town, at Ada Tepe hill.The deposit is designed to extract 850,000 tons of gold ore per year over an eight-year period.Conventional open pit mining methods are planned to use for gold mining.The gold ore is currently processed in dressing plant, involving a crushing and milling followed by froth flotation to produce gold and silver concentrates. Mineral processing waste are thickened to paste and disposed in Integrated Mine Waste Facility, along with waste rocks.The preliminary research works are the key element in resources extraction. The incorporation of any prior geological and geophysical information available can significantly improve the result quality and to reduce the expenses. Prior information from boreholes, direct measurements or from structural imaging techniques aselectrical resistivity tomography proved to be very efficient in the production process.The “Ada Tepe”deposit is classified as a low sulphidation type epithermal gold-silver deposit. It was formed in the Early Oligocene and is hosted in a large metamorphic terrain.Goldand silver mineralizationin the area of interest is mostly identified within the Shavarovo Formation. Base on the information from several drillings in the investigated area the following rocks are observed:clay, breccia conglomerate, breccia conglomerate with quartz inclusions and metamorphic clasts. The proposed research focused in detailed information collecting for spatial distribution of different lithological characteristics between horizon 465mand horizon 470 m. This information is highly important in the process of drilling blasting works and helps to be set up the blasting energy in the areas with hard rocks instead of clay. This knowledge is obtained using geophysical electrical tomography method -one of the most popular geophysical techniques used for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the ground surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of process of mining of mineral resources as disintegration of variety of materials is always crucial to choose optimal technology to prevent wastes in energy, human resources and also financial resources. It is also essential to avoid negative impacts on the nature and prevent serious damages in environment in general. This article is focusing mainly on the various ways of mechanical disintegration of materials without usage of blasting in the mining condition (surface mines, coal mines, tunnel boring etc.) with the help of the road-headers, coal plows and coal shearer. This article further discusses possibilities of use of individual machines and their components in different conditions and considers also wear of cutting tool and energetic consumption of the disintegration process. One of the main reasons for the right choice of machine can be energetic consumption of the disintegration process. The minimalization of energy demand of the disintegration process can be achieved in various ways, especially through the right way of selection of a tool and the selection of optimal cutting speed and rate of tool advanced into the cut eventually other parameter that has minimal impact on the disintegration process. Nowadays when there is an increasing emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources is crucial to lower the energetic consumption of the disintegration process and to modify these technologies for wider use to prevent increasing pollution in the world around us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous geological observations indicate that alluvial deposits (gold, tin, diamonds, polymetalles, etc.) have a cluster structure, both in general and in local areas. Up to 80 – 90 % of the reserves of useful components can be contained in 10 – 25 % of the volume of traditionally recovered sands. The purpose of the study is to assess the extent and nature of the clustering of reserves in dredged gold deposits. Main methods of researches: analysis and generalization of information of the features on the structure of alluvial deposits, statistical processing of the results of the work of gold mining companies; block modelling and mapping of mineral deposits with use of geological information systems of Mineframe and Micromine; synthesis of approaches to improving exploration, mining and enrichment processes in the development of alluvial deposits, taking into account the specifics of work in the region. The article presents the distribution of metal in the dredged zones is very uneven and varies from 1 mg/m³ to 1770 mg/m³. Areas with elevated metal contents, characteristic of the cluster organization of the bulk metal, have been identified at all the test sites. The researches show that about 65 – 80 % of metal stocks are 15 - 50 % in volume of the sand being processed. Consequently, 40-80 % of the sand is practically wasted when dredged. The accounting and use of clustering of alluvial gold mining (as with other minerals) conceals large reserves of improved mining efficiency for the mineral raw material base and machinery for the extraction and processing of ores and sands. The article presents the measures that need to be taken to improve the production of deposits characterized by a cluster organization. This makes it possible, all other things being equal, to increase by 1.5 – 2.5 times average gold content of the recovered and processed sand-and-gravel by drags, to enhance productivity of labor in terms of end product by 2, reduce cost of mining and processing approximately by 10 – 25 % other factors being equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of development systems used in mining in coal pits of the permafrost zone is carried out. The intensive development of deposits over the past decades has led to large-scale landscape disturbances, the reasons for which are a significant increase in the scale of open pit mining, surface disruption by mining, dumps, technological sites, hydraulic structures, as well as environmental pollution for a long period.Attempts to reduce landscape disturbances using land-saving technologies, systematizing transport and non-transport technologies with partial transfer of overburden rocks to an internal dump, and developing and implementing deeply continuous transverse development systems did not lead to the desired results.A mining geometric analysis of the volume of overburden operations in small sections of Yakutia was performed: Chulmakansky, Nadezhdinsky, Harbalakhsky, Kirovsky, Kangalassky, sections of the Belogorskoye and Denisovskoye deposits. The dynamics of overburden coefficients of small sections in Yakutia with a forecast up to 2025 shows that they grow for all quarries and reach 8-10 for some of them, which is critical for open pit mining. At the same time, volumes of overburden rocks located in internal and external dumps are growing. As practice shows, the area of external dumps for some sections reaches up to 30% of the land allotment.The proposed methods of open-pit mining of deposits in the conditions of permafrost with internal dumping can increase the land intensity of internal dumps, reduce land use areas and increase mountain efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the construction of the railway line as part of an integrated mining project for the successful operation of the mining and processing plant. The purpose of the work is to develop and substantiate a model of a concession agreement for the construction of railway infrastructure, which is indispensable for the successful implementation of a project for the development of the major coal deposit. Methods used in the research are strategic, institutional, investment analysis, method of modeling and forecasting. In the course of the research, it was established that in the Russian Federation the concession mechanism for the construction of railway infrastructure within the frame of a complex project for the development, contributing to its successful implementation, is poorly defined. The scientific work identifies and substantiates the technical and economic indicators of the concession agreement (total mineral transportation volume, railway line capacity), and also pricing parameters (financial model, concession fee, guaranteed minimum income). The possibility of the concession transformation into a quasi-form of public-private partnership for the most efficient implementation of mining projects is analyzed. As a result of the research, concession agreement model, providing the construction of a railway section and infrastructure for the mining project implementation (construction of a mining and concentrating plant), have been obtained. Restriction is the use of the message for industrial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the authors propose to use inductive metric data mining methods to assess the environmental and economic risks of businesses in various fields of activity and industry. The purpose of this methodology is to conduct operational monitoring of both environmental and economic condition of enterprises to regularly monitor the dynamics of internal and external factors when planning strategic decisions. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is the integration of environmental and economic indicators into the system of qualitative indexes presented by expert assessments of six types of risks: industry risk, management risk, financial flexibility, environmental risk, competitiveness and operational risk. At the same time, each index is evaluated by experts on three levels: “Positive”, “Average” and “Negative”. In the article, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of five groups of methods with different types of distance functions, including the Euclidean metric and Chebyshev distance, as well as four types of kernels for the method of potential functions. A quality cross-check is carried out using training and test samples in order to configure the parameters of the algorithms. The simulation results showed that for some of the metrics in the feature space, the considered training methods are in good agreement with the initial data and demonstrate a slight error on the test data. Training and optimization of the algorithms were carried out in the development environment Visual Studio 2017 using C # programming language. Implementations of metric methods, their reliability, the ability of algorithms to analyze significant amounts of information is relatively simple. Given this, the authors suggest that the proposed approach is of practical value, providing a comprehensive basis for making management decisions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of blockchain technologies in the world drew attention to the environmental aspects of its production. Blockchain technology is based on the use of significant computing power, which consumes a large amount of electricity. In most cases, traditional non-renewable energy sources are used, which leads to the depletion of natural resources. The scale of operations of the mining process of blockchain increased dramatically during the last years. By the end of 2017, the amount of electricity spent on mining exceeded 29 terawatts per hour. This indicator exceeds the level of the annual energy consumption almost all Eastern European and African countries. Russia occupies the third place in the world in terms of energy consumption for cryptocurrency production. To maintain the competitiveness of blockchain technology in the global market, it is necessary to develop an alternative development strategy using renewable energy sources. The need for a transition to a new economic course in the development of a “green” or “low-carbon” economy in the field of blockchain mining determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. The paper investigates the following key points: trends in the blockchain technology and digital economy; the matrix for its environmental risks analysis; determination of significant environmental aspects of blockchain mining in accordance with ISO 14001 requirements. The aspects’ assessment shows that the significant environmental aspects are linked to energy consumed by computers or farms at different stages of its lifestyle. Thus, environmental-friendly methods of mining (hydro mining) are needed. As a conclusion, possible applications of blockchain technology in Russia are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the goals of our research was the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative properties of the Fe oxyhydroxides emerging from mine waters. Another one of the main goals of this research was the effectiveness comparison between natural and supported attenuation used as a remediation method for the removal of potentially toxic metals and metalloids from mining waters occurring on sites with sulfidic mineralization. Samples for this research were taken from abandoned mineral deposit of sulfide ores in the locality Pezinok. These abandoned deposits pose a danger to the environment in the form of increased concentrations of some potentially toxic elements (especially Sb) in waters flowing out of the abandoned adits. We managed to prove, that natural attenuation is also an effective remediation method for mining waters contaminated by potentially toxic elements but supported attenuation (by aeration) is significantly more effective considering the amount of precipitating solids – Fe oxyhydroxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the existing data mining methods to predict heat consumption in buildings of public sector facilities. The highest accuracy in solving the regression problem was obtained using the ensembles of artificial neural network models of the MLP architecture, gradient boosting models on decision-making trees and linear regression models. The ensembles of the studied methods were used in the development of the analytical subsystem in the energy resource management system of the Belgorod Region. Approbation of the developed subsystem was performed using data from 2018 and 2019. High results of experiments on real data proved the adequacy of the proposed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 80-ies near the village of Shantobe, Akmola region, a heap leaching manufactory was built. Since 1985, the manufactory processes productive solutions, and the commercial product of the manufactory is a regenerate containing up to 40.0 g / l of uranium. This product is processed at the mining and smelting factory (SMCC) in the city of Stepnogorsk to produce U3O8 uranium oxide. The share of heap leaching accounts for 25.0% of uranium according to control No. 1. But, in connection with the difficulty of financing the heap leaching manufactory (HL) in recent years have been preserved. The use of highly toxic reagent - sulfuric acid - to extract uranium from ore is a characteristic feature of the HL technology, which determines its environmental hazard. The consumption of sulfuric acid, depending on the type of leached ore and the productivity of the enterprise, can be tens and hundreds of tons per year. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the state of the physicochemical and X-ray phase structure of uranium-containing ore after sulfuric acid leaching [1-6]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety conditions of the underground works carried out for the coal mining process are ensured by longwall supports. The particularities of the system of hydraulic powered roof supports are given by structure of the supporting component, by the pumping station and respectively by the operating liquid and the length of the wall the activity of which needs to be ensured. The pumping stations used for the supply of the roof supports, also called hydraulic assemblies, are composed of: the oil in water tank, the pumping assembly, nominal pressure regulation and one way valves, a hydraulic flow discharge automaton from the pump to the tank, a pressure sensor and a hydro-pneumatic accumulator, all being connected to the main pressure supply pipe of the roof support; the effect of this structure being the conservation of a constant pressure within the main supply pipe, the flow in the main pipe being thus determined by the supply from the hydraulic assembly, respectively from the accumulator. The parameters and the operation of the accumulator influences the operation frequency of the flow discharge automaton, the flow in the main supply pipe being in direct connection to the duration of the charge-discharge cycle of the accumulator. The paper deals with the assessment and analysis of the operation of the hydropneumatic accumulator as well as its role in supplying the required flow to the hydraulic assemblies for the supply of the powered roof supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lecture deals with the issue of newly approved territorial ecological limits. Mining - technical conditions of mining or mining - geological conditions together with the optimal choice of the concept of mining procedures predict the efficient and safe use and extraction of a reserved mineral deposit in a given mining area. The mining space must be determined and define on the basis of mining – geological conditions of every mining location due to the application of all the principles contained in the Mining law No. 44/1988 Coll. The defined limits of mining activities have changed thanks to approval territorially – ecological limits of coal mining, Resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic No. 827 of 19. October 2015. The boundaries of mining activities must be – according to valid legislation – at a distance of at least 500m far from built-up area of the municipality. This fact changes the existing intentions of the process of quarrying of coal bed in the area of southern slope. The final edge of the fracture must be formed further from the starting slope and thus mining will take place under different geotechnical conditions than previously assumed. The original intention of the quarry has been done more to the south, with the possibility of entire extraction of the coal reserves on a naturally inclined slope. The original solution enabled creating the final lines of the southern slopes up to underlying formation of rock zone. The change of the TEL represents for the Bílina Mines a certain loss of coal reserves due to leaving a permanent protective coal pillar on the southern edge of the coal basin. The setting up of the new TEL also includes the modification of the studies that were commissioned for the preparation of a new mining permit in the scope of the documentation "Opening, preparation and mining project at Bílina 2035". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horizon control in underground coal mining is still largely based on the knowledge and experience of a human operator, while many other operations run fully automated in mines nowadays. Several control strategies have been developed for automatic horizon control in underground coal mines, but none of them worked satisfactorily for a long distance up to now, even if the used sensors execute their intended task already and were improved continuously. However, the behaviour of the mining system itself, especially the dependence on the surrounding conditions, is not taken into account in most cases, because it is classified as complex and difficult to describe, not least because of the different and specific environmental conditions of each exploitation area. Nevertheless, those surrounding conditions have a high influence on the cutting behaviour of the exploitation machine. Thus, to achieve the aim of a completely autonomous cutting process with a satisfactory performance, the challenge is to detect the behaviour of the system online. This would make it possible to adapt the automatic steering process and the control algorithm based on the predominant environmental conditions. Therefore, in this paper a simulation model for the cutting process is developed with the aim to get a prediction model for the cut behaviour of the exploitation machine, considering the dependence on the surrounding conditions. The model has to be as complex as necessary to reach a sufficient accuracy to describe the mining process and, on the other hand, it has to be as simple as possible to keep the necessary computing effort small enough to run the simulation online, parallel to the mining process. The reliability of the developed model is analysed by comparing the simulation results for different scenarios to reference values of an iteratively working, complex kinematic simulation tool, which was developed in cooperation with a German mining company for the training of operators at the coal face. Using the kinematics-based simulation tool as reference source gives the advantage of generating defined surrounding conditions and enables an objective evaluation of the performance of the developed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prerequisite for reliable and efficient mining planning is the presence of reliable information on the spatial placement of geological indicators of the deposit area planned for mining. The integral estimation of this information is finally shown as geological study of deposit area, which directly or indirectly affects the indicators of mining and processing of mined mineral raw materials. In this article, in order to estimate the geological study of a deposit area planned for mining, its geological and economic model is proposed. Estimation errors of geological indicators of the deposit area planned for mining and economic consequences of these errors are taken into account. Error estimation of geological indicators is carried out on the basis on the analysis of multidimensional matrix. Its elements are covariance functions of these indicators and stochastic transition probability matrix. The economic consequences of errors in geological indicators take into account both the damage from mining operations and the processing of mined mineral raw materials. The optimal level of geological study of planned for mining deposit area is determined based on mining risk function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schemes of cleaning-up deep iron ore deposits using open pit mining method from mining-capital operations and land saving perspective are analyzed. It was established that the cleaning-up of border reserves with a pit side separation is expedient in the operation of shallow open pit mines. Cleaning-up of open pit mines with an increase in the resulting angle of slope of the side at the partial abandonment of transport communications is expedient at the transition stage from the auto truck-rail transport to the auto truck-conveyor or auto truck-skip transport. The scheme with the complete elimination of the transport pillars is advisable while building a transport conveyor gallery or skip rails on the pit side being cleaned up and while opening deep horizons of open pit mine. Existing inter-bench transshipment devices of Ukrainian production were analyzed. It was established that in the conditions of cleaning-up transport pillars by an open pit method, it is advisable to use skips as a load-carrying body of inter-benches reloaders. Rational parameters for the use of inter-benches loaders of new design are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing methods of underground mining of ores in world practice are characterized by the maximum simplification of the preparation and cleansing schemes, the desire for high intensification of mining operations. However, the high irregularity of the bottom of the block, as well as the long period of its operation, especially with systems with collapse and areal ore production, when mining steep extensive heavy-duty deposits, impose certain restrictions on the design and parameters of delivery and cutting horizons. In this connection, research in the field of substantiation of the structures and parameters of the bottoms of the blocks are very popular and relevant, allowing to determine and recommend optimal technical solutions at the stages of mining planning. In the article, the stability of the bottom of the block with the release of ore through a delivery point with two loading points is justified on the methods of graphic design and numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the rock mass. Considerable attention is paid to the geomechanical substantiation of the stability of the structural elements of the development systems and the choice of the type and parameters of the mine fastening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most effective ways to interpret the geological setting of a deposit is building its 3D model. Presenting data in form of a 3D model enables quick and convenient access to relevant information, facilitates taking decisions associated with deposit management and helps plan mining operations. With a model of the geological setting of a deposit it is possible to prepare different variants of a coal mine model as well as type of mining technology, to tackle work-related safety issues and to achieve optimal economic results and quality. The geological setting model of a deposit is a tool of growing significance and it is more and more commonly used in rational deposit management. The article presents results of works analyzing possibility of employing a 3D model to manage a hard coal deposit. Initially, a structural/lithological model was generated for a selected unmined hard coal deposit in the area of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland). The presented elements of the model were prepared using Petrel software and Geolisp system. Then, the methods of 3D visualization of mine workings in active and designed hard coal mines are presented. Possibility of employing a 3D model to plan mining operations in a deposit of hydrocarbons – methane as the main commodity (CBM) is demonstrated. Other applications of a 3D deposit model are presented, e.g. for numerical forecasts of mining subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of mining using open-pit mining method indicates a trend of increase in depths of mining. At the beginning of the 20th century mining operations were carried out within sedimentary rocks and the maximum depth of pits of that time didn't exceed 100 m from a surface. However, several decades later the maximum depths of open-cast mine developments reached 200-300 m. Further growing demand for mineral raw materials caused an improvement of technique and technologies, the maximum depth of conducting open-cast mining operations began to reach 400 m in some cases. Some of the main questions at open-pit mining are safety when conducting mining operations and achievement of rational mining of the fields. Increase in depth of open-cast development of fields usually conducts to the distribution of pit edges and increase in volumes of overburden. Other option of involvement of the pit deep horizons into a mining without the significant increase in the cost of production of mineral extraction is revision of the original project and increase in a final slope angle of a board. Under this option, the main issue is ensuring stability of a pit edge and the choice of parameters, rational in terms of geomechanics, of again projected edges on the deep horizons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidized ferruginous quartzites are located within BIF deposits of the Precambrian iron-siliceous formation. They form thick layers, which overlap magnetite quartzite varieties - basic minerals for mining and processing enterprises. Oxidized ore bodies are located in the lower parts of section of weathered rocks and their thickness varies from the first tens to hundreds of meters increasing from north to south along the Kryvyi Rih structure. Main questions of commercial significance definition of oxidized ferruginous quartzites were examined. Data of geological, mining, technological studying were analyzed. We have evaluated reserves of oxidized ferruginous quartzites for use with magnetic and gravitation methods in conditions of existing mining enterprises. It was defined that commercial significance of this type of iron ores depends on not only existence of enrich technologies but cost price of production and quality of iron concentrate. At the same time cost of lands that use for oxidized quartzites storage has a particular significance. Not sufficient quality and output of iron concentrate, increasing of investment for mining and processing can cause a loss of commercial significance of oxidized ferruginous quartzites in Kryvyi Rih region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regions with complex geological history, diversity of climate, soils and parent rocks, it is possible to predict a large number of paths for soils recovery in the areas that have been disturbed by human activity. The purpose of this work was to identify territorial difference of rocks within the Crimean Peninsula basing on the content of the trace elements and macroelements, assessment of potential suitability of disturbed rocks of various age and chemical composition for efficient pedogenesis during implementation of projects for vegetative topsoil recovery in post-mining landscapes. The studied objects have been classified as per the results of cluster analysis, and seven main groups of rocks have been determined based on the content of 16 chemical elements. The most informative geochemical indicators and ratios have been determined; this allowed justifying three general types of rocks based on the difference of their properties related to their mineral composition and the results of weathering and migration processes in the past. In order to determine the initial conditions for soil recovery, geochemical particularities of upper horizons of soils and parent rocks composing them in three regions of the Crimean Peninsula have been compared. The ordered series of chemical elements have been created based on their ability to accumulate in soils compared to rocks. This allowed determining the deficiency of those elements that can restrain the activity of biological and soil processes during soil recovery in post-mining landscapes. The results of the study create a bioecological basis for ecological restoration of disturbed soils represented by sedimentary rocks of different geochemical composition in the development of the mineral deposits of solid useful minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mine gases it is mainly methane that is the only one dangerous component within the OKR. Its general effect on the environment during ascending to the surface and on the public safety is very specific. In the Ostrava-Karvina district, the mine gases in coal seams and accompanying minerals remained preserved in a certain volume. Methane is the main component of the mine gases. With regard to the transfer of methane during the historical geological period it is possible to make only a rough estimation of the primary content of methane in the coal seams of the particular coal basin. The estimation can be carried out only indicatively as a model using results of a laboratory high-pressure sorption of methane in the coal of the particular and humidity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper observes variants of formation of barrier pillars in underground and combined mining methods and in contiguous deposits mining. The paper presents methodological approaches of the joining zones reserves excavation under rockburst hazardous conditions based on the numerical modelling of the stress strain state in 3D taking into account basic geological and mining conditions. The method includes determination of zones with mutual influence of mining operations, an optimal sequence of mining in a zone given (barrier pillar), a disposition and dimensions of an joining section, a mining method in the joining section mining, a calculation of categories of excavations conditions when mining progresses and an order of the rock mass state monitoring. The paper gives examples of studies of mining operations in the Khibiny apatite arc deposits which are rock burst hazardous. Efficient variants of barrier pillars mining are proposed with accounting specific mining-geological conditions. The method proposed can be used when mining other adjacent deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an innovative solution of roadheader mining head developed at the Department of Mining, Dressing and Transport Machines, AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, as an alternative for standard roadheader mining units. The general idea behind the new mining solution was to use so called undercutting or Wohlmeyer Method, using asymmetrical disc tools moving with complex motion trajectory. This approach gives an opportunity efficiently mine hard rocks using roadheader type machines. Advantages of the applied mining method, design process stages, as well as the results of preliminary tests were described in paper. After theoretical analysis of the hard rock mining process using asymmetrical disc tools, series of laboratory tests were conducted, allowing to determine the guidelines for a construction of a roadheader head prototype. This have been the basis for development of technical project of a new head solution adapted for mounting on the arm of a medium roadheader R 150, constructed by Famur Ltd Company from Katowice, Poland. A constructed head was tested on a research field stand - specially prepared cubic concrete block with increased strength parameters. Positive tests results were obtained, which indicates the potential and possibility of industrial application of such solution in mining and underground construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport of material in underground mines represents one of the key parts in deep mining, for it is impossible to execute mining processes without it. In the course of time, conveyor belts proved to be the most efficient way of transporting material, which is still valid not only in the mining industry. Conveyor belts in mines often suffer damage, as they are perforated by falling rocks. On the other hand, their surfaces are less frequently worn by the moving pieces of transported material. Furthermore, engineers lay emphasis on the best moderation of the impact energy produced by this material, so that the impact effects are not transmitted to the supporting frame of the conveyor. In this way dynamic stress is limited. In this work you can find impact bench bars design, which can eliminate all the above mentioned shortcomings. Transported material here does not fall directly onto the belt conveyor with idlers, but onto the belt sliding above the impact bars. This design ensures a better reduction of the impact energy caused by falling material, and also reduces the bouncing of these rocks on the conveyor belt. Last but not least, this impact bench significantly reduces dustiness caused by falling material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakhstan's joint stock company Volkovgeologija is one of the principal uranium ore producers. It has a very large fleet of drilling rigs for that purpose. About 70 % of the well's geological log are represented with highly dispersible clays, which originate caving while being penetrated by wells. Caving becomes a cause of various grave down-the-hall complications. To prevent them, special inhibiting drilling muds are to be used. Many formulas of such muds have been developed by various companies, but the tests, some of them had carried out on the deposit, had been all unsuccessful, for two reasons: Their offers did not take into account local specifics, and their products were too costly. A formula of an adequate inhibiting mud and methods of its application have been worked out by Kazakh Science and Technology University's Well Drilling Technology Department. Industrial tests have demonstrated absence of caving and drastic drop in the costs. Basing upon a formula of inhibiting mud, which is currently in use in oil well drilling industry, a new formula has been worked out, intended specifically for conditions of uranium ore producing wells. The industrial tests have proven, that the proposed formula of the inhibiting mud practically eliminates caving. A technology has been worked out for repeated application of exhausted inhibiting muds with returning their parameters to pre planned values. The cost of the inhibiting mud does not enhance the well's cost by more, than 11 %. The economic effect is made up out of elimination of time losses and costs of: repeated loggings; well-bore up and down working for balling control; down-the-hole break-downs; repeated well drilling due to well path deviation. However the exact value of economic effect has not been so far established, in view of absence of reliable statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strongly impact on the environment and the population is the most evident in the large industrial centers, towns and districts, where metallurgical productions are concentrated. The same situation can be observed in regions, focused on large-scale development of mineral resources. One of these regions is the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA)- the main base of the iron ore industry in Russia and the largest manufacturer of construction materials. Since the 50-ies of the last century, the scale of mining and processing of mineral raw materials in KMA region steadily increased, and accordingly increased the growth rate and scale of landscape degradation, environmental pollution and other negative consequences of mining. These circumstances have predetermined the actuality of geo-ecological assessment of mining anthropogenous impact on ecosystem of KMA region and development of effective monitoring system using modern geoinformational systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paperwork is proposed an economical-mathematical model (fuzzy) that aims optimize the technological variants of the mechanized coal face. By fuzzification, the issues to solve become more flexible and allow the decision maker to acquire more variants for the functions objectively established. The description of technological solutions is carried out by a set of controllable variables of "category" type by which the type of the machinery is defined within the frame of the actual geological & mining conditions. In the paperwork are used concepts of "successions graph" and "matrix of compatibilities"; with their help a methodology to choose between different technological variants of coalfaces is proposed. It treats the problem of developing the functions that express the membership degree in vague concept. In the end it is presented an assessment procedure for the technological variants of mechanized coal face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses a possibility of Cleaner Production approaches application in an underground iron ore mining at deep horizons. In order to minimize the environmental impact such common ways as technology change and on-site waste recycling are proposed to be used. The main idea consists in combining a bottom-up mining process with the ores enrichment at an underground complex. The basic mining scheme is developed for Estunino iron ore deposit (Urals, Russia). The scheme includes: opening of the ore deposit by means of skip shaft and storey crosscuts (height of a storey - 100 m); ore extraction; ore enrichment at the underground complex; usage of waste rocks and enrichment tails for stowing in the goaf; transportation of iron concentrate to the surface. Preliminary assessment has shown that for conditions of Estunino iron ore deposit the proposed technology may be cost efficient and simultaneously much more environmentally secure, in particular because of full or partial absence of tailing storages, rock dumps, pipeline systems and other hazardous objects on the earth surface. Preliminary assessment has shown, that the proposed technology may be cost efficient and simultaneously much more environmentally safe due to full or partial absence of tailing storages, rock dumps, pipelines and other hazardous objects on the earth surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]