1. PPAR agonists as effective adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines, by modifying immunogenetics: a review of literature
- Author
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Mina Youssef, Sarah Hetta, Mariam Bishara, Rafeef Hozaien, Radwa Abd-Elshafy Ali Ahmed, Bemen Atif, Mina Tawfik, Rahma Mohamadein, Rana Shebl, Jumana H. Ismail, Nada Ali, Ebtesam Elsaify, Ahmed Aboelmaaty, David Ibrahim, Aya Kamel, Mohamed El Sharnouby, Hadeer Hafez, Nuran K. Abdelhameed, Biagio Castaldi, Alaaelrahman Shahib, Shenoda Yacoub, Catherine Abdelmalak, Nervana Gamal, Rana Elgendy, Mourad Hamouda, Farah Magdy, Yara Osman, Sara Emel, Ahmed Abouelazaem, Noha Abdelraouf, Elaria Yacoub, Aya Kamal, Yara Asar, Musheera Ammar, Youstina Aziz, Samah El-Saman, Ahmed Elhatw, Rana Allam, Sara Owais, Beshoy Ghabreal, Reem J. Husseiny, Abanoub Abdelmalek, Yousef M. Husseiny, Antoine Fakhry AbdelMassih, Hafsa Dahir, Basant M. Mohamed, Saged Elsherbiney, Nadine El-Husseiny, Sherin Galal, Shaimaa Abdelalim, Rahma Menshawey, Nada Daniel, Yasmeen Khalaf, Sarah Fouad, Radwa Othman, Yousra Khafagy, Esraa Menshawey, Maram Ahmed, Kerlos Merhom, Amany Mansour, and Farid Hanna
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,T cell ,Immunologic memory ,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ,Review ,QH426-470 ,PPAR ,PPAR agonist ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Genetics ,Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,COVID-19 vaccine ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date. Main body of the abstract It is increasingly recognized that PPAR agonists can upregulate the levels of anti-apoptotic factors such as MCL-1. Such effect can improve the results of vaccination by enhancing the longevity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The interaction between PPAR agonists and the immune system does not halt here, as T cell memory is also stimulated through enhanced T regulatory cells, antagonizing PD-L1 and switching the metabolism of T cells to fatty acid oxidation, which has a remarkable effect on the persistence of T memory cells. What is even of a more significant value is the effect of PPAR gamma on ensuring a profound secretion of antibodies upon re-exposure to the offending antigen through upregulating lipoxin B4, therefore potentially assisting the vaccine response and deterring re-infection. Short conclusion In view of the above, we suggest the use of PPAR as adjuvants to vaccines in general especially the emerging COVID-19 vaccine due to their role in enhancing immunologic memory through DNA-dependent mechanisms.
- Published
- 2021