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Background: Recent developments in differential diagnosis have led to new knowledge about oncocytic renal neoplasms., Objectives: Overview of differential diagnosis of oncocytic tumours., Materials and Methods: We performed a literature search on oncocytic renal tumours and mapped known tumour types. Possible differential diagnoses are discussed., Results: Besides the tumour types already acknowledged by the 2016 WHO classification, there is new evidence regarding the group of hard-to-classify oncocytic neoplasms. Findings point to immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics that may lead to the establishment of new entities in the future. In addition, important differential diagnosis can now be identified, facilitating specific therapies for oncocytic renal tumours., Conclusion: A correct diagnosis of oncocytic renal tumours not only improves prognostic assessment (and, if necessary, specific therapies) but is also clinically relevant regarding a possible association with hereditary tumour syndromes., (© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Background: The classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed remarkably in recent years., Objectives: This is a short overview of the classification of RCC, focusing on new developments., Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed resulting in an overview of the classification of RCC. Emerging entities were discussed in detail., Results: Apart from the RCC subtypes in the WHO classification of 2016, several emerging entities came up over the last few years that are characterized by typical morphology, immunophenotype, and especially specific genetic alterations., Conclusion: Precise classification of RCC is the key to better prognostic assessment with potential tumor-specific therapy and plays an important role in the recognition of possible association with hereditary tumor syndromes.