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A permutation graph can be defined as an intersection graph of segments whose endpoints lie on two parallel lines ℓ 1 and ℓ 2 , one on each. A bipartite permutation graph is a permutation graph which is bipartite. In this paper we study the parameterized complexity of the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem, which asks, for a given n -vertex graph, whether we can remove at most k vertices to obtain a bipartite permutation graph. This problem is NP -complete by the classical result of Lewis and Yannakakis [20]. We analyze the structure of the so-called almost bipartite permutation graphs which may contain holes (large induced cycles) in contrast to bipartite permutation graphs. We exploit the structural properties of the shortest hole in a such graph. We use it to obtain an algorithm for the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem with running time O ( 9 k · n 9 ) , and also give a polynomial-time 9-approximation algorithm., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental metalloestrogens, and its role in uterine tissues has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate estrogenic properties of Cd in uterine tissues by analyzing the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) as well as estrogen and progesterone levels in serum and Cd concentrations in blood and tissues. The samples of tissues (leiomyoma and surrounding myometrium) collected intrasurgically and blood samples drawn from 53 women (age 39 to 52 years) with uterine myomas were thoroughly analyzed. In the study group, blood Cd concentration ranged from 0.33 to 3.5 μg/L. Cd concentration in leiomyoma tissues was twice as low [corrected] as that in surrounding myometrium (0.047 and 0.075 μg Cd/g [corrected] wet tissue, respectively), albeit the difference was not statistically significant. Cd concentrations in blood significantly correlated with Cd concentrations in tissues (leiomyoma and surrounding myometrium). The measurement of ER expression showed no difference between leiomyoma tissues and surrounding myometrium. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between ER expression and Cd concentration in both tissues under study. An additional statistical analysis (path analysis) demonstrated the correlation of uterine tissue levels of Cd and ER expression. However, there was no association between ER expression in both tissues and E(2) level in serum. Our results suggest a metalloestrogenic effect of Cd by way of ER stimulation in the uterus.

The possibility of applying post-column reaction and chemiluminescence to determine organic peroxy compounds by RP-HPLC was investigated. Conditions of qualitative and quantitative analyses have been established. The applicability of the method has been demonstrated for a series of compounds representative of the most important groups of peroxy-type compounds, that is, hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters, and peroxyacids.

Thirty-six postoperative patients of the department for general, thoracic and vascular surgery were treated in the ICU during November 1995. APACHE-II-Scores were prospectively monitored daily. All three patients with considerable deterioration (> = 2) of this score succumbed. During 6 weeks starting in January 1996 the Hannover-Intensive-Score was documented in all 14 patients requiring ICU-treatment for 3 days or more: three patients died; two without considerable change, one with improvement of this score. Numerical changes of both scores did not precede clinical changes. Thus neither score system replaces or even significantly supports clinical judgement in a field like general surgery with an inhomogenous group of patients.