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Purpose: Carpenters are constantly exposed to a noise level of 82-100 dB(A) in their professional lives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hearing status of carpenters with pure -tone audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test., Methods: A total of 62 individuals were enrolled. The study group consisted of 31 carpenters and the controls were age and sex matched healthy individuals who were not exposed to continuous or sudden noise., Results: The average age of the carpenters is 44.58 ± 10.33, the average age of the control group is 41.84 ± 8.65 and there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.262). There was a significant hearing loss in the study group nearly at all frequencies when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The emission values of the right and left ears of the carpenters were significantly lower than the controls at 2000 and 2800 Hz (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Accordingly, carpenters seem to be susceptible to the development of noise-induced hearing loss., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Following open rhinoplasty, a postoperative scar at the columellar incision line is a common morbidity. The aim of this study is to compare absorbable and nonabsorbable suture materials which had been used for closing the transcolumellar incision, in the aspect of risk of postoperative infection, wound healing, postoperative columellar scar and patient satisfaction., Method: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was conducted between May 2017 and February 2018. Sixty-four rhinoplasty patients were randomly assigned to absorbable (n = 32) or nonabsorbable (n = 32) groups. The columellar incision was closed with 7 full-thickness skin sutures. Either nonabsorbable 6/0 polypropylene (Group 1) or absorbable 6/0 polyglytone 6211 (Group 2) sutures were placed at the columellar incisions. Polypropylene sutures were removed at the 7th postoperative day. A Mann-Whitney U test and Monte Carlo were used for statistical comparison. Photographs of the patients at the postoperative third month (Fig. 2) were evaluated and scored in terms of scarring, pigmentation, notching, level differences in the incision area by two different otorhinolaryngologists who did not know the randomization. Suture removing discomfort was assessed with visual analogue scale scores. A satisfaction survey was filled out by all the patients completing their third month after the operation., Results: According to the results of both otorhinolaryngologists, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pigmentation, level difference, notching, overall appearance and total score (p = 0.920, p = 0.498, respectively). The mean score on the Wong-Baker scale was 3.19 ± 1.67 in group 1. In the Satisfaction Survey, the average score of the group 1 was 6.90 ± 3.24, while the mean score of the group 2 was 7.062 ± 2.77. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.715)., Conclusions: Suturing inverted V transcolumellar incisions with rapid resorbable sutures caused significantly less discomfort but no difference in scarring compared to nonresorbable sutures as evaluated by patients and observers., Level of Evidence Iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Background: A good understanding of nasal tip support mechanisms is essential for achieving successful and functional rhinoplasty results. The loss of nasal tip support resulting from different maneuvers adopted during rhinoplasty and how this loss is affected by reconstructive applications should be known. This study evaluated and compared changes in nasal tip support perioperatively after different techniques were used during septorhinoplasty., Methods: Patients who underwent primary open rhinoplasty between January 2018 and March 2018 in a tertiary medical center were included in this prospective blind case series. Nasal tip resistance measurements were taken after perioperative maneuvers by creating enough force to achieve 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm of displacement at the tip region. Measurements were obtained during six different stages using a Newton meter: preoperatively, after caudal septal resection, after skin flap elevation, after the columellar strut or tongue-in-groove procedure, after tip suturing and postoperatively. Our hypothesis was that during septorhinoplasty, each maneuver used changes the tip support intraoperatively. The predictor variables were the different rhinoplasty techniques used. The outcome variable was nasal tip resistance to compression intraoperatively and immediate postoperatively. Appropriate statistics were computed, and a p < 0.05 value was considered significant., Results: Ten of the 15 patients were female, and 5 were male. The patient age ranged from 19 to 40 (mean 24.8 ± 4.9). The tongue-in-groove technique was applied in 5 of the patients, while columellar strut grafting was performed in 10. The application of columellar strut grafting did not create a significant increase in nasal tip support (p > 0.05). An increase in nasal tip support was observed at each stage (85%, 53%, 35%) after application of the tongue-in-groove technique (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: A novel and reproducible technique for digitally evaluating manual force is presented for determining changes in nasal tip support with different maneuvers applied in living patients undergoing rhinoplasty. No significant difference was noted between the preoperative and postoperative measurements for columellar strut grafting. The tongue-in-groove technique is an important maneuver that has a significant effect on nasal tip support. According to our data, the interdomal and intercrural ligaments, the medial crus-septum connections and the connections between alar cartilage and overlying skin and muscle tissue are important structures for tip support., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .