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Purpose: Retinal displacement following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has been associated with inferior functional outcomes. Recent evidence using an overlay technique suggests that fundus-autofluorescence underestimates post-RRD repair retinal displacement. This study aims to validate the overlay technique in normal eyes and to determine its sensitivity and specificity at detecting retinal displacement., Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series involving 66 normal eyes, each with at least two separate infrared (IR) images at different time points. Overlay of the two images was based on manual marking of choroidal and optic nerve head (ONH) landmarks. For each set of two IR images, computer code for homography generated two outputs, flipping view video and an overlay picture. First, validation of choroidal/ONH alignment was performed using the flipping view video to ensure accurate manual markings. Then, two different masked graders (AB + IM) evaluated the overlays for presence of retinal displacement. 16 control eyes following RRD repair with detected retinal displacement on FAF imaging assessed sensitivity and specificity of the technique., Results: 94% of overlays were found to be well aligned (62/66). 11 cases exhibited errors on flipping view analysis (choroidal/ONH misalignment). Those 11 cases had a significantly higher rate of retinal displacement (false positives) compared to cases without errors (8/11,72% Vs 54/55,98%,P = 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the overlay technique for detecting retinal displacement considering only adequate flipping view cases (n = 55) were calculated as 100% and 98%, respectively., Conclusions: IR overlay emerges as a reliable and valid method for detecting retinal displacement, exhibiting excellent sensitivity and specificity., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: The study was performed according to the declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee (Sharre Zedek Medical Center ethics committee). Consent to participate: None, due to the retrospective nature. Conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any relevant conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To describe foveal hyper-reflective vertical lines (FVL) as a specific morphological finding on structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and discuss its differential diagnosis., Methods: Observational case series. Ten patients (10 eyes) with FVL were meticulously examined at the Ophthalmology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Detailed analysis of SD-OCT findings, clinical records, and retinal imaging was conducted to establish correlations between FVL and various underlying conditions., Results: We established the following list of settings, supported by the clinical context and ancillary investigations, in which SD-OCT displayed FVL: inflammation (1 eye), mechanical (1 eye), resorption of fluids of various origins (4 eyes), macular telangiectasia (1 eye), age-related macular degeneration (1 eye), diabetic retinopathy (1 eye) and scar (1 eye)., Conclusions: FVL can be observed in various underlying conditions. Recognition of this pattern and formulation of an appropriate differential diagnosis is of interest for correctly diagnosing and treating patients whose structural OCT harbors this yet overlooked finding., (© 2024. The Author(s).)