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150 results on '"risk behavior"'

9. HIV Infection and Depression Among Opiate Users in a US Epicenter of the Opioid Epidemic

Author

Denis, Cecile M., Dominique, Tiffany, Smith, Peter, Fiore, Danielle, Ku, Yi-Chien, Culhane, Angus, Dunbar, Debora, Brown, Dana, Daramay, Menvekeh, Voytek, Chelsea, Morales, Knashawn H., Blank, Michael B., Crits-Christoph, Paul F., Douglas, Steven D., Spitsin, Serguei, Frank, Ian, Colon-Rivera, Krystal, Montaner, Luis J., Metzger, David S., and Evans, Dwight L.

Published
2021
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18. Adolescent Spirituality

Author

Benson, Peter L., Scales, Peter C., Sesma, Arturo, Jr., Roehlkepartain, Eugene C., Benson, Peter L., editor, Moore, Kristin Anderson, editor, and Lippman, Laura H., editor

Published
2005
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29. Prevention and Research

Author

Ostrow, David G., editor, Kelly, Jeffrey A., editor, Friedman, Samuel R., Curtis, Richard, Neaigus, Alan, Jose, Benny, and Des Jarlais, Don C.

Published
2002
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30. Perceived vulnerability to disease, knowledge about COVID-19, and changes in preventive behavior during lockdown in a German convenience sample

Author

Johanna Schüller, Schahryar Kananian, and Ulrich Stangier

Subjects
Adaptive behavior, Risk behavior, Preventive behavior, COVID-19 pandemic, Germ aversion, Disease, Fear of infection, Mental health, Structural equation modeling, Confirmatory factor analysis, Article, Patient Health Questionnaire, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Scale (social sciences), medicine, Anxiety, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has called worldwide for strong governmental measures to contain its spread, associated with considerable psychological distress. This study aimed at screening a convenience sample in Germany during lockdown for perceived vulnerability to disease, knowledge about COVID-19, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and behavioral responses. In an online survey, 1358 participants completed the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVD), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and questionnaires on knowledge about COVID-19 and self-perceived change in behaviors in response to COVID-19. Lower and upper quartiles of the PVD were used to classify individuals into low and high PVD. A confirmatory factor analysis supported three factors representing risk, preventive and adaptive behavior as behavioral responses to COVID-19 lockdown. A structural equation model showed that the score of the knowledge scale significantly predicted the self-reported increase in adaptive and preventive behavior. The score in the PVD-subscale Perceived Infectability predicted a self-reported increase in preventive behavior, whereas the Germ Aversion score predicted a self-reported increase in preventive and a decrease in risk behavior. The score in PHQ-4 predicted a higher score in the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales, and a self-reported decrease in adaptive behavior. Low-, medium- and high-PVD groups reported distinct patterns of behavior, knowledge, and mental health symptoms. This study shows that perceived vulnerability to disease is closely linked to preventive behaviors and may enhance adaptation to COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2021

36. Comparison of HIV Risk Behaviors Between Clinical Trials and Observational Cohorts in Uganda

Author

Yunia Mayanja, Andrew Abaasa, Jim Todd, Stephen Nash, Patricia E. Fast, Pontiano Kaleebu, and Matthew Price

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Social Psychology, Adolescent, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Fisheries, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk-Taking, medicine, Humans, Uganda, 030212 general & internal medicine, HIV vaccine, Observational, Trials, AIDS Vaccines, 0303 health sciences, Original Paper, Sex Workers, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Risk behavior, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Vaccine efficacy, Clinical trial, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Observational study, Female, business, Cohorts, Demography
Abstract

Many key populations have high-risk behaviors for HIV infection making them suitable for HIV vaccine efficacy trials. However, these behaviors may change when participants enroll into a trial. We used HIV simulated vaccine efficacy trials (SiVETs) nested within observational cohorts of fisherfolks and female sex workers in Uganda to evaluate this difference. We screened observational cohort participants for enrolment into SiVETs, until 572 were enrolled. Those not enrolled (n = 953) continued participation in the observational cohorts. We determined risk behaviors at baseline and at 1 year, assigned a numeric score to each behavior and defined composite score as the sum of reported behaviors. We compared changes in scores over 12 months. Both observational cohorts and SiVETs saw a significant decrease in score but greatest in the SiVETs. Investigators recruiting for trials from these populations should consider the likely effect of reduction in risk behaviors on incident HIV infection and trial statistical power. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10461-020-02838-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2020

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