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Of all of the advances in clinical neuroscience, the advent of brain imaging represents one of the most significant, particularly for assessment of pediatric neurologic disorders. Prior to brain imaging, only inferences of structural brain integrity could be made from behavior, development, and standard physical neurologic examinations of the child. These measures continue to be important in the diagnostic process, but now the brain can be viewed in vivo. This chapter will overview some major categories where brain imaging provides critical information relative to brain structure and function in pediatric neuropsychology. First is a basic review of some underlying assumptions in pediatric neuro-imaging, followed by an overview of some major childhood categories wherein neuroimaging provides useful diagnostic information that can be integrated with neuropsychological assessment and/or consultation. We feel that it is critical for neuropsychologists to have more familiarity with neuroimaging procedures and interpretation in the assessment, development of treatment strategies, and clinical feedback involving parents, school, and other healthcare professionals. For more detailed exposition of pediatric neuroimaging per se, the reader is referred to Barkovich (1995), Osborn and Boyer (1994) and Wolpert and Barnes (1992).