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Windows 95 may provide a major stimulus to Intelligent Network (IN) development, to real technological convergence between computing and telecommunication, and to a major reordering of research priorities in the field. The paper examines IN in the context of the evolution of convergence and the larger framework of information superhighway, infrastructure and society developments. It shows how the pace and direction of IN development will be driven by demand associated with organisational and institutional change, not the simple supply of greater capacity or the discovery of ‘killer applications’. This will be associated with a shift in priorities to distributed networking, information-based service development and a diversity of very specific new applications.

My colleagues at this symposium (cf, Eitinger, Frederick, Harnois) have discussed in their papers the immediate and long-term mental health consequences of victimization for the victim. My contribution to this discussion is to focus my attention on the family of the victim and to explicate two major axioms: First, that the family is the key factor in facilitating the emotional recovery of the victim; and second, that family members experience victimization themselves when another family member becomes a victim.

Five years ago in San Diego, USA, a Wheat Industry Utilization Conference took place under the direction of Y. Pomeranz who published the presented papers under the title Wheat is Unique.1 The information gathered in that publication still represents today the present state of knowledge on the structure, composition, processing, end-use properties and products of wheat. This is also true of the topics discussed here, the extraction of starch and gluten from wheat and extrusion cooking, on which the present author contributed two conference papers.2,3 Therefore, as only a few new findings can be reported, this chapter will concentrate on presenting the current state of knowledge on these topics with special reference to the functional characteristics of wheat gluten and starch. In so doing, the process technological possibilities for the extraction of starch and gluten from wheat flours and wheat wholemeal flours as well as the application of wheat starch and wheat flours for the manufacture of extrusion cooking products will be emphasized. Special emphasis is also given to the gluten-forming properties of wheat proteins and the two starch fractions present in the endosperm which differ not only in size but also in physical and chemical properties.

A global query in a mediator system to integrate distributed information is transformed into a set of its sub-queries and each sub-query is the unit of evaluation in a remote server. Therefore, it is possible to speed up the execution of a global query if the previous results of frequently evaluated sub-queries are materialized in a mediator. Since the integration schema of a mediator can be incrementally modified and the evaluation frequency of a global query can also be continuously varied, query usage should be carefully monitored to determine the optimized set of materialized sub-queries. Furthermore, as the number of sub-queries increases, the optimization process itself may take too long, so that the optimized set identified by a long optimization process may become obsolete due to the recent change of query usage. This paper proposes the adaptive selection of materialized sub-queries such that available storage in a mediator can be highly utilized at any time. In order to differentiate the recent usage of a query from the past, the accumulated usage frequency of a query decays as time goes by. As a result, it is possible to change the set of materialized sub-queries adaptively according to the recent variation of query usage.

I suppose my task in writing this paper is not only to outline the nature of action research but to open a discussion on how relevant the ideas of action research may be to the subject matter of the Conference. This I will attempt towards the end. I should however first make it plain that I write as a social scientist influenced particularly by the concept of the open socio-technical system first enunciated by The Tavistock Institute in U.K. At the time of writing my very limited knowledge of integrated production systems leaves me slightly doubtful how well the approaches to management problems of the systems analyst or systems engineer, and the social scientist, fit together.

The electromagnetic energy backscattered from an unknown target can provide information useful for classifying and identifying the target This is commonly accomplished by interpreting the radar echo in either the time or the frequency domain. For example, the natural resonances of a target are manifested in the frequency domain as sharp, discrete events and can be attributed to the unique global features of the target. Similarly, scattering centers are manifested in the time domain as distinct time-pulses and can be related to the local features on the target For target characteristics which are not immediately apparent in either the time or the frequency domain, the joint time-frequency representation of the radar echo can sometimes provide more insight into echo interpretation. The usefulness of the time-frequency representation of signals has long been recognized in the signal processing arenas. In the electromagnetic scattering community, the joint time-frequency analysis was first introduced by Moghaddar and Walton 1.2 to explain the measurement data from an open-ended waveguide cavity. In this paper, we present our work 3–9 in the generation and interpretation of time-frequency representations of wideband backscattered signals from targets, as well as our efforts to improve resolution in the time-frequency plane using wavelets and superresolution techniques. Similar efforts along these lines have also been reported by other researchers recently10–12.

This paper presents an overview of the reliability program to be conducted for the design and manufacture of the Collider Dipole Magnet (CDM). Reliability requirements, methods of analysis, and accelerated test methods are discussed.

The nucleosome core particle may be regarded as a basic structural unit of chromatin and thus of the chromosome. It is obtained by micrococcal nuclease digestion of chromatin and consists of about equal weights of DNA (146 base pairs) and protein (an octamer of two pairs each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). Nucleosome structure has been reviewed by McGhee and Felsenfeld (6). Studies by small-angle neutron scattering using D2O/H2O contrast variation have given the overall dimensions of the nucleosome and have shown that the protein forms an inner core with the DNA located at the outer regions of the molecule (7,12). The x-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle has been solved in projection to a resolution of about 25 A (3). Although this has given a more detailed description of the overall shape of the molecule than has solution scattering, the distinction between protein and DNA is not made. In this paper we show how the principle of contrast variation can be used in low resolution neutron diffraction to achieve this end.

In 1938 Wagner and Traud1 published a paper: “Concerning the Evaluation of Corrosion Reactions by Superposition of Electrochemical Partial Reactions and Concerning the Potential Formation on Mixed Electrodes.” This paper is today considered the classical paper on mixed potential theory, which postulates that, even without the assumption of the existence of local anodes and cathodes, one can explain corrosion reactions by assuming that cathodic and anodic partial reactions occur at the phase boundary metal/electrolyte in constant change with statistical distribution of location and time of the individual reaction. Wagner and Traud showed further that under certain conditions (yielding certain forms of the partial potential-current curves) it is possible to calculate the rate of a given reaction using electrochemical measurements. These principles were then applied to the dissolution rate of zinc amalgam in acid solutions. Good agreement was found between corrosion rates calculated from polarization curves using the technique, which today is called “Tafel slope extrapolation” and from the amount of hydrogen evolved. These experimental results were considered proof for the general postulations of the mixed potential theory.

This paper reports on an action research case study. The project involved nine classroom teachers using the action research process to develop an integrated curriculum algorithm and software classification system. The project also aimed to empower individual teachers with the knowledge, skill and confidence to understand, improve and transform their teaching procedures and practices with respect to the use of computers in primary classrooms. The discussion focuses on the development of the algorithm and the selection of a suite of software for the investigation of integrated curriculum topics. Also discussed is the impact of this type of instructional strategy on student and teacher motivation and performance. Also the lessons learnt in regard to software development, professional development, and the effectiveness of action research as a change agent.

Today, in the book and magazine trades, the cry is for attention. Sales quotas—not beauty—supply the measure of success. From every bookstall, on dust wrappers and magazine covers, pretty girls and desperate men, gangsters and bathing beauties, flaunt their smiles, their arms and legs and torsos. There are, of course, exceptions. Typography and paper, advertising and illustrations have improved; but with the mob in the saddle they count for little. In the nineties it was the mob that did not count. The artist was just then coming into his own, and he demanded—if the search was to be for beauty—the right to lead. Let us agree that the search proved futile. Still it was made. Old chests were rubbed, old manuscripts were studied, old lace was copied. Somewhere, they said—perhaps in the opium dens of Nanking or the tombs of the pharaohs, in the ruins of Troy or the boudoirs of Versailles —somewhere, some day, men will come upon the parent pattern, the perfect design from which all beauty stems. But ... no—the search proved futile. Yet it still goes on. It has lost something of its excitement. It has lost, for one thing, the enthusiastic support of White. It has gained decorum and order. It has become a business.

The New York to which Stanford White returned late in 1879 was a city of two, three and four stories, red brick and brownstone fronts, with perhaps a dozen passenger elevators in the downtown business and financial districts. The New York telephone directory was a card listing 252 names; there were no telephone numbers; you simply gave the operator the name of the person you wanted; service, costing as much as $20 a month, was slow, inadequate and limited to persons of wealth. Electric lights were unknown. Kerosene and gas supplied what (and it was not much) illumination there was. Matches, made with brimstone, and used to light the vilest cigars, almost choked you with their poisonous fumes. Offices, stores and residences—since there were no furnaces—were kept warm with big round stoves called Base Burners. The streets and avenues were lined with sycamores, poplars and telegraph poles. The trains and carriages were horse-drawn—with an extra horse to help out going over the hills. Men wore paper collars and cuffs and dickies: coats stopped abruptly at the hips: trousers were skin tight.

His tour ended, White was impatient to be back at his desk, applying his eagerly acquired knowledge to some useful purpose. He wanted—as he explained later to Simmons— to “justify his existence.” Even as a small boy, he had busied himself in small ways, trying to justify his existence, running errands for his father, waiting on his mother, carrying wood and coal, or working in the garden. He had no false pride. He did not save himself, as did his brother Dick, waiting for something worth-while to turn up. If his mother required a new shelf in the kitchen or a peg moved in some closet, if there was proofreading to be done for his father or a score to be copied, if Aunt Laura found herself unable to decide on wall paper for the guest room or Aunt Fanny needed a letter of introduction to some higher-up in Boston—one and all they turned to Stanford. And he never failed them. He never failed in after life. He was always ready with a word or a loan or a suggestion. To a young girl about to start for Central Park with her skates, he said: “I will design a skating bag for you.” When he came upon Abbott Thayer picking and choosing among old frames, uncertain which to select for the Academy show, he sat down to design a frame exactly suitable to the purpose.

To work for White was, at first, a fearful experience. A hurried statement of the requirements, a few hieroglyphics sketched rapidly on tracing paper, and they were off— “on an endurance race,” as Philip Sawyer says, “that might last for days or weeks or months and never let up until the work was finished.”

Phytochrome is the photochromic receptor for a variety of photo-morphogenic and developmental responses of higher plants to red light (for a detailed review of the subject, see Song 1983,Song 1988; Lagarias, 1985; Quail et al., 1986; Schaefer and Briggs, 1986; Furuya, 1987). In this paper, results on the study of the role of the chromophore on the phototransformation of 124 kDa oat phytochrome obtained in our laboratory will be reviewed.