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The short-term mortality and rehospitalization rates after admission for acute heart failure (AHF) remain high, despite the high level of adherence to contemporary practice guidelines. Observational data from non-randomized studies in AHF strongly support the in-hospital administration of oral evidence-based modifying chronic heart failure (HF) medications (i.e., b-blockers, ACE inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) to reduce morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, a well-designed prospective randomized multicenter study (PIONEER-HF) showed an improved clinical outcome and stress/injury biomarker profile after in-hospital administration of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) as compared to enalapril, in hemodynamically stable patients with AHF. However, sac/val implementation during hospitalization remains suboptimal due to the lack of an integrated individualized plan or well-defined appropriateness criteria for transition to oral therapies, an absence of specific guidelines regarding dose selection and the up-titration process, and uncertainty regarding patient eligibility. In the present expert consensus position paper, clinical practical recommendations are proposed, together with an action plan algorithm, to encourage and facilitate sac/val administration during hospitalization after an AHF episode with the aim of improving efficiencies of care and resource utilization.

In 2021, the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) will celebrate its centenary. CIGRE Sessions are traditionally held face-to-face in Paris once every even-numbered year. However, in 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic, the organizers of the 48th CIGRE Session decided to hold a virtual meeting for experts, specialists, engineers, and researchers from all over the world. The result was an e-session that included engaging seminars, tutorials, and discussions. At the virtual meeting, participants discussed various problems and challenges currently affecting all areas of the energy sector. Current pressing issues include the development of informative diagnostic techniques for oil-filled equipment, as well as the potential applicability of environmentally friendly biodegradable synthetic and natural esters for use as liquid insulation in high-voltage equipment. This review presents the latest research, practical solutions and reports on the experience of applying new techniques and novel liquid insulating materials. Valuable and up-to-date information in these fields is provided by experts and specialists from all over the world.

The author certifies that he, or any member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR ® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®.

The pulp and paper industry is one of the major consumers of water. Pulp and paper industrial wastewaters usually contain halogenated organic materials, because general use is made of chlorine-containing compounds as bleaching agents during pulp and paper manufacture. Kraft pulping is the most common commercial chemical delignification procedure. Chlorination is generally the first stage in kraft pulping and during this treatment phase, chlorinated organic compounds are produced. The chlorinated substances are extracted with dilute alkali from the pulp in the subsequent extraction phase. Chloro-organic compounds tend to persist in nature because of their inherent recalcitrance; they are often toxic to aquatic live; many are genotoxic and have the potential to migrate widely throughout the ecosystem, ultimately accumulating in the fatty tissues of organisms. Legislation has been introduced to limit the levels of these toxic compounds in effluents. Additionally, during bleaching treatments chromophoric, highly oxidized, polymeric lignin/chlorolignin derivatives are formed that give rise to a dark color in the effluent. The color poses an aesthetic problem and contributes to the biological oxygen demand. Several methods have been attempted for decolorization and detoxification of bleached kraft effluents. These include physicochemical and biotechnological methods. The problems underlying the physicochemical treatments are those associated with cost and reliability. Biotechnological methods have the potential to eliminate/ reduce the problems associated with physicochemical methods. This article reviews the research on the use of Biotechnological methods for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents. The progress made and the further scope are also discussed.

The paper manufacturing process has several stages - Raw material preparation and handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking. Paper production is basically a two-step process in which a fibrous raw material is first converted into pulp, and then the pulp is converted into paper. The harvested wood is first processed so that the fibers are separated from the unusable fraction of the wood, the lignin. Pulp making can be done mechanically or chemically. The pulp is then bleached and further processed, depending on the type and grade of paper that is to be produced. In the paper factory, the pulp is dried and pressed to produce paper sheets. Post-use, an increasing fraction of paper and paper products is recycled. Nonrecycled paper is either landfilled or incinerated.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to review all peer-reviewed published reports of women receiving ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) with frozen/thawed tissue (OTC) with respect to age, diagnosis, transplantation site, fertility outcome, and potential side effects, including data from all women in the Danish program. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed combined with results from all patients who had received OTT in Denmark up to December 2017. RESULTS: OTT has been reported from 21 different countries comprising a total of 360 OTT procedures in 318 women. In nine women, malignancy was diagnosed after OTT; none were considered to be directly caused by the OTT. Despite a potential under reporting of cancer recurrence, there is currently no evidence to suggest that OTT causes reseeding of the original cancer. Renewed ovarian endocrine function was reported in 95% of the women. Half of all children born following OTT resulted from natural conception, and newborns were reported to be healthy except for one neonate with a chromosome anomaly with a family disposition. Women who conceived after OTT were significantly younger than those who failed. CONCLUSION: This study found no indications of sufficient numbers of malignant cells present in the ovarian tissue to cause recurrence of cancer after OTT. Further, it is unlikely that OTC affects the well-being of children born. OTC is now an established method of fertility preservation in Denmark with public reimbursement. The current data encourage that women who require gonadotoxic treatment should be offered an individual evaluation considering fertility preservation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10815-018-1144-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In July 2007, IBM and Cambridge University’s Institute for Manufacturing (IfM ), in conjunction with BAE Systems, convened a group of leading academics and senior industrialists in a two-day symposium to address the critical questions facing the emerging field of Service Science , Management and Engineering (SSME ). The meeting, together with a consultation process involving over a hundred international respondents, created a white paper for universities, businesses and governments globally (IfM and IBM 2008). The report called for (1) the advancement of SSME as a distinct subject of research and education through intensive collaboration across disciplines, and (2) the creation of national Service Innovation Roadmaps (SIR) to double investment in service research and education worldwide by 2015. Since the white paper was released, exciting progress has taken place; many universities have started SSME courses while various governments released SIR reports (see Appendices I and II for lists of such initiatives). In the remainder of this chapter, we provide an updated summary of the white paper and revisit its original recommendations for SSME stakeholders.

This chapter examines the short term production, transportation and inventory planning problems encountered in the fine-paper industry. After positioning the problems in the context of a general supply chain planning system for the pulp and paper industry, a comprehensive synchronized production-distribution model is gradually developed. First, a model for the dynamic lot-sizing of intermediate products on a single paper machine with a predetermined production cycle is proposed. The model also plans the production and inventory of finished products. Then, we consider the lot-sizing of intermediate products on multiple parallel paper machines with a predetermined production sequence. Finally, simultaneous production and distribution planning for a single mill multiple distribution centers network is studied by considering different transportation modes between the mill and its Distribution Centers (DCs).

In the context of sustainable development, the assessment of the role the paper industry is of paramount importance. In the last years, the efforts of the paper industry towards ecologically sustainable paper recycling have faced growing problems of waste management since recovered paper processing leads to the production of considerable amount of waste (sludge) requiring disposal. The work outlines the current state of the utilisation of paper sludge for energy conversion. Focus of the paper is the assessment of the environmental feasibility of energy recovery from paper sludge associated with toxic emissions (like NOx, SO2, N2O, chlorinated organic compounds); the fate of some toxic metals (like Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn) deriving from dyes, fillers, and toxic pigments is discussed based on new research combustion data. The environmental impact of burning paper sludge is discussed showing the interdependence between sludge properties and combustion conditions. Recent data concerning co-combustion of paper sludge, particularly in conjunction with different biomass fuels (like wood and straw), are reported. Differences related to usage of paper sludge as a fuel in paper mill boilers and industrial power plants and their economic implications are presented. Future possible scenarios for paper sludge utilisation in energy recovery are also discussed.

The pulp and paper industry is currently faced with the challenge of substantially reducing the discharge of contaminants to the receiving environment. Water is of primary importance in the paper making process. The pulp and paper industry has been a large user of fresh water in comparison to several other manufacturing industries. Continuous progress has been made by the pulp and paper industry in reducing the fresh water use because of growing environmental concerns and stricter government regulations. Water use reduction in a paper mill has been accomplished primarily by closing up the water system. Water system closure, however, results in an increased concentration of suspended, dissolved and colloidal materials in the system, which in turn could result in a poor quality of paper and operational problems. Because of the solid buildup problems, paper mills are looking for alternative processes for internal treatment of water. Among the alternative processes, membrane separation process is getting an ever-increasing acceptance.

A s the world’s general-interest orthopaedic journal, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research takes seriously its obligations to help support and disseminate research from scientists the world over. Musculoskeletal injury and illness do not respect political borders, and so CORR is proud to focus global expertise on global problems, and share the solutions with a truly global readership. Between 2012 and 2015, consumption of CORR’s content—as measured by downloads—has nearly doubled. In 2015, readers downloaded this Journal’s articles about 2 million times; some 60% of this usage came from outside North America. The research we publish, likewise, is global in origin; about half of CORR’s papers come from non-US centers. Our diverse editorial team includes more than two dozen international editors. This is critically important to us; cultural issues matter, local knowledge is invaluable, and specific editorial expertise about the patient populations surveyed helps us—and our readers—get the most out of the manuscripts we receive. We feel strongly that solving problems affecting all the world’s citizens calls for research from all around the world. With that in mind, we are proud to sponsor—and pleased to announce the winners of—a number of awards that help promote research in regions where the scientific infrastructure is still developing. The winners of the 2015 CORR Best-paper Awards for China and Latin America were chosen from among those papers published electronically in the Journal in the last 12 months, and they represent some can’t-miss reading. The winner of the CORR Bestpaper from China Award for 2015 came from Lanzhou University in northwest China, and is titled ‘‘Does Arthroplasty Provide Better Outcomes Than Internal Fixation At Midand Long-term Followup? A Meta-analysis’’ (DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-43453). This paper by Jiang and colleagues [3] is not the first meta-analysis on femoral neck fracture treatment. In contrast to so many other important therapeutic dilemmas in orthopaedic surgery where the evidence is scanty, numerous well-designed randomized trials have compared surgical treatments for hip fractures. As such, earlier reports have pooled data on this subject [2, 4]. But this award-winning paper is special because it evaluates studies presenting longer-term followup using methods that are uncommonly robust, and so its conclusions—the functional benefits of arthroplasty are not offset by any discernible increase in mortality associated with that larger procedure—appear definitive. This is an enormous clinical problem, and we congratulate the authors on a job well done. The author certifies that he, or any members of his immediate family, has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons.

Although the pulp and paper industry is not part of Chemical Manufacturing, it is one of the major divisions of the chemical process industries. Containing some interesting chemistry, this industry employs many chemists and chemicals. It takes over 400 lb of chemicals to make 1 ton of paper.

We determine a duality between broadcast and multiple access channels that can be used to obtain the capacity region and optimal transmission strategy for one channel based on the capacity-achieving transmission strategy and region for the dual channel. This duality result in applicable to additive Gaussian noise and fading channels for several different notions of fading channel capacity, including ergodic capacity, outage capacity, and minimum rate capacity. We show that duality can be used to obtain any of these capacities for the fading broadcast channel from the same capacity on the dual MAC channel, and vice versa. We then apply this general result to obtain the minimum rate capacity of the fading multiple access channel, which also yields the ergodic and outage capacity as special cases. Next we turn our attention to broadcast channels with multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver (the MIMO channel). Since this channel is in general non-degraded, its capacity region remains an unsolved problem. We establish a duality between the achievable region of the MIMO broadcast channel using Costa’s “dirty-paper” coding and the capacity region of the MIMO multiple-access channel, which is easy to compute. We also show that the dirty paper achievable region yields the sum-rate capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel.

The pulp and paper industries have recently devoted considerable research, at some cost, to the application of biotechnology to solve environmental problems associated with paper production. These problems relate mainly to the formation of organochlorides produced by bleaching of wood pulp.

It was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that the paper industry started to use wood pulp for making paper. Before this, timber had been used for many other purposes—building ships, houses, and for making furniture and boxes, but the beginning of the paper-making industry using wood pulp caused great changes in the practice of cutting trees.

At present, the most common company level inventory performance yardstick is inventory costs in relationship to revenue. This yardstick does not adequately reflect differences in the scope of vertical integration between different companies. The first objective is to develop a suitable yardstick for inventory performance that could enable strategic or company level screening for the need for improvement. This new yardstick is then tested with pulp and paper industry statistics and annual report data.

The ISO standardization project “Conceptual Schema” ended in 1987 after publishing “TR9007: Concepts and terminology for the conceptual schema”. That was a technical report and was not an International Standard.

In this position statement on the question, How far harmonisation? I expresses the view that, in the context of our profession, our theories, as far a possible, must meet the stringent quality criteria which philosophers of science impose on other disciplines that deal with problems in domains of inter-subjective activity, such as the natural sciences. I also show that our present ‘tunes’ are played on almost one note, making any harmony rather thin and uninteresting. Sometimes I despair of our profession ever abandoning old, demonstrably weak ideas (conceptualist or naive objectivist ontologies, for example) or of ever raising its eyes above the technical layer of problems to face the other half of the issues before us. However, I justify my long-term optimism because I have not encountered any intrinsic difficulty in meeting the most exacting criteria of scientific quality in dealing with information systems. Only a general unwillingness to apply those criteria obstructs our progress.

The era of employing a grand monolithic approach to develop data processing systems is coming to an end. Systems developers are now realizing that there are many different ways to specify and program systems. While the traditional IF… THEN, DO WHILE approach is popular in many situations, it is far from being the best or only way. For instance, a medical diagnosis system might be implemented best with rules and an inference engine. In other situations, conditioning a neural network or genetic algorithm could produce the desired results much more efficiently. Elsewhere, a predicate logic or functional expression would be the best way to specify an application. In other words, if a system can be specified in many ways, why not choose the mix of approaches best for the problem at hand? Why be bound to only one way of doing things, when a combination of approaches might produce a result that is more economical, accurate, understandable, and elegant?