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In this paper, we present a novel design of high-efficiency, dual-band and two-branch rectifier for wireless energy harvesting in the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands. The rectifier is based on a two conversion circuit; a dual-band voltage doubler for the first branch and a single-diode rectifier for the higher frequency band in order to further enhance in 5.8 GHz the efficiency of the resulting circuit. The rectifier achieves a maximum conversion efficiency of 59.683% for the primary band at 1dBm of incident power, while it reaches in the second band (5.8 GHz) at 3 dBm an efficiency of 51.521%. These results allowed the resulting rectifier to be the most efficient at these frequencies and in particular for the low incident powers compared to other reported designs with the same radio frequency conditions.

Renewable energy resources, especially solar PV, have become quite popular in recent decade especially because of the advancement in solar PV technology and power electronics. Solar PV can be used as a DC source in grid-connected converter for power transfer from load side to grid side. The waveform of line current in conventional line commutated AC to DC converter is not sinusoidal because of presence of higher-order harmonics. At power frequency, thyristors-based line commutated converter is used as they have better power handling capability and reliability. In the present work, four-level single-phase grid-connected converter is proposed and mathematically analyzed. Grid power, power factor, and line current THD are controlled by controlling the firing angle of switches. Results show that the average grid power increases, as well as line current THD reduces as compared to conventional line commutated converter. The input power factor, as well as smoothness in line current, is achieved to acceptable value. The genetic algorithm is implemented for optimizing the line current THD in terms of switching angles. The proposed model is simulated using MATLAB®/Simulink.

This paper describes the utmost significant topologies and governor systems for multilevel converters and inverters along with their applications, enabling technology for modulating and implementation of power electronic-based distribution transformer. The motive of the work is to recognize a technique which is proficient of helping other features of a transformed used in distribution. SST has AC–DC and DC–AC stages received as they are capable of delivering good quality at the output. The desired essential voltage with minimum THD at the output is also achieved. The different modulation scheme for a solid-state transformer (SST) and overall model represents input rectifier AC–DC stage, isolated DC–DC converter and DC–AC output inverter stage. The model output of some DC–DC converter is connected to separate battery bank, which has been acting as distributed energy storage device (DESD) for solid-state transformer (SST). Mathematical modeling of controller is formulated and the dynamic characteristics of solid-state-based distribution transformer are verified by MATLAB.

The power supply mode of microelectronic equipment is still mainly battery. The difficulty in replacing the batteries affects the life time of these devices. Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) technology provides a new way for the power supply of low-power microelectronic equipment. This paper designs a RFEH system which harvests 2.4 GHz radio frequency signal. The system is mainly composed of miniature patch antenna, impedance matching circuit, rectifier booster circuit, and storage circuit. The ADS simulation tool is used to verify the feasibility of the system design. When the load resistance is 100 KΩ and the input power is between −10 and 5 dBm, the energy conversion efficiency is above 30%. Continuous power supply for low-power microelectronic equipment can be realized.

The vital area in brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive used in electric vehicle drive is motoring, regenerative braking, battery charging, and speed control. To attain these, separate circuits should be used. Switching pattern for the first three modes integrated with sensorless speed control for which finds application in electric vehicle is highly warranted in the present scenario. This paper addresses in detail these four areas. The proposed switching pattern enables the same converter for motoring operation of BLDC motor to be used during regenerative braking as well as rectifier in charging mode of battery from the AC grid. Line voltage detection-based sensorless speed control method is also discussed in the paper so that reliability of the system can be improved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using simulation and also virtual hall sensor signals are compared with actual hall sensor signals experimentally under variable speeds.

In the design and analysis of LLC converter, the influence of high-frequency transformer distribution parameters is obvious. Based on the traditional LLC equivalent circuit model, this paper proposes an improved LLC equivalent circuit model considering the distribution parameters of transformer. First of all, combined with the characteristics of LLC converter, the process of improving the equivalent circuit model is analyzed; secondly, this paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of the transformer distribution parameters on the circuit performance, including the influence of distribution parameters on the voltage gain curve, the soft switching characteristics on the primary side and the voltage stress of rectifier on the secondary side, and solutions are proposed for the above problems. Finally, a 2 kW full-bridge LLC converter prototype was built to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the improved equivalent circuit model proposed in this paper.

The grail of this paper is to investigate the performance of solar-powered water pump using switched reluctance motor drive and also single-phase grid. The converter used is boost converter, and a rectifier is connected to the grid along with an input filter. The switched reluctance motor is 8/6 pole with a mid-point converter. There are three different controls used for each block in this system. The maximum power point tracking is used for generating pulses for solar-powered boost converter; the bidirectional power flow control is used for generating pulses to the rectifier and finally direct torque control for operating the motor in the closed loop. The interfacing of grid is important to ensure continuous water supply in the absence of solar energy. There is an input filter at the single-phase grid to reduce the ripples present in the system. The proposed system deals with the design, modelling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The applicability of this system can be analysed by the simulated results.

This paper proposes a new unidirectional three-phase five-level rectifier that is suitable for the rectifier unit of off-board chargers for electric vehicles or trams. The proposed rectifier is featured with a simple architecture, fewer devices and lower voltage stress across each power device, in addition to the high-quality power factor correction (PFC) function. These characteristics render it especially suitable for the chargers with medium voltage input, high-voltage and high-power output to meet the growing demand for fast charging of electric vehicles. The voltage loop and the current loop based on carrier modulation are used to control the proposed topology. According to the design prototype, the scaled down simulation model was built-in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed rectifier topology. The simulation results prove that the PFC function works well, the rectifier has good dynamic characteristics, and the devices suffer low voltage stress under the condition of medium voltage input.

Hydropower is one of the best sources of power as flowing water is available in a sufficient amount in nature. The Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion System (HECS) uses kinetic energy of the running water to rotate the turbine blades and generate power. This energy conversion system has been designed, and the output power of this system is effectively controlled with the Perturbed and Observe technique of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is coupled with the turbine to generate electricity. The generator's output power is then fed to a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier to convert it to DC from AC. A boost converter is utilized to control this DC power by controlling duty ratio. The system model has been designed and simulated. The validation of MPPT control strategy has been done with the help of simulated result of HECS.

The AC to AC power converter is getting fundamental for the industrial applications. This conversion is ordinarily done utilizing the ordinary converter includes rectifier and inverter associated by storage component which makes the converter cumbersome and decreases the reliability of the framework. Consequently, the matrix converter is picking up the specialists consideration as a substitution to the customary converter. The MC is the most intelligent converter and has numerous favourable circumstances over the conventional converter, for example, it legitimately associates AC to AC with no DC interface, has smaller plan, bidirectional force stream capacity, produces high-quality wanted waveform. In the particulars of the MC, the space vector modulation method is of two kinds DSVM and ISVM strategy, both of the procedures are examined in this paper with its execution utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink area.

This research manuscript proposes a bridgeless single phase buck–boost power factor correction converter providing non-inverted DC load voltage. Proposed topology has two power switches in the current path over every switching period, and moreover, this topology does not have bridge rectifier at the input side. Therefore, it leads to improved thermal management and reduced conduction losses. This further increases the efficiency of the system. The suggested converter offers unity input as it is operated in discontinuous conduction mode. Harmonic content in supply current is greatly reduced improving the power quality indices to the recommended standard. In this manuscript, performance analysis of the proposed converter is observed, and its implementation is compared with standard buck–boost converter.

This article incorporates an efficient hybrid technology to improve the efficiency of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system. The power of the system improved by a staggering 50-fold over conventional full-bridge rectifiers. This nonlinear approach is an integration of an active rectifier and synchronized switch harvesting on the inductor (SSHI) circuit. The power extraction capability of this circuit is much better as compared to conventional full-bridge and voltage doubler circuits. Maximum power of 753.8 µW power is obtained while walking at a speed of 6 km/h.

The important drawbacks of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) are torque ripples, acoustic noise, and low power factor. High harmonic current and low power factor arising from the pulsating AC input current and the switching of voltage into the SRM phase winding. It will also lead to high torque ripple and acoustic noise. In the present work, we are using Vienna-type rectifier along with alternate Asymmetric H-Bridge converter for the SRM drive. It provides boosted DC-link voltage and enhancing the quality of the input current. Thus, the power factor (PF) of the SRM drive gets enhanced. This converter configuration also provides lesser Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Thus, it will address the power quality improvement of the SRM drive. It is even more useful in torque ripple minimization. In this paper, for our analysis, we are considering 8/6 SRM Drive. It is modeled by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

In this paper, the circuit design and simulation of DC fast charging technique for lead–acid batteries of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are presented. The growth in market demands for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has drawn the attention of auto industries toward the setup of high-power charging stations. Fast charging helps in redeeming crucial charging time, which is resultantly part of the idle time, thereby increasing overall productivity. Resistances offered by DC are less comparative to AC, making DC more preferable in designing fast charging circuit. To fabricate the circuit, a combination of floating mode (constant voltage) and boosting mode (constant current) is used. A separate circuit of these two modes is constructed and combined with the help of MATLAB function. The function acts as a switch which helps in switching between these two modes. A secondary MATLAB function for auto cutoff is also used. An input of 440 V is lowered with the help of step-down transformer and converted to 220 V. Full-wave rectifier is used to convert AC into DC current and then it is further purified by a condenser. Simulation results substantiate the accomplishment of the proposed DC fast charging technique.

This paper reports a new and simple method of supplying and controlling electrical energy from a hydro-powered multiphase, i.e., six-phase induction generator (SPIG) under different operating conditions. This proposed generating system is capable to supply AC and DC power simultaneously with the help of two different closed-loop control units, first one is known as PWM-based rectifier and second one as IGBT-based inverter. The entire six-phase generated power by the SPIG is converted into three-phase power by a transformer. Then this converted three-phase power is fed to the rectifier unit, and DC power is generated. This DC power is not only supplied to DC load but also is given as input power to IGBT-based inverter unit. The AC side control unit generates a constant frequency AC power. It is then supplied to AC load. The mathematical modeling and control strategy of this proposed system have been implemented with the help of MATLAB/Simulink software and found that the satisfactory performance is obtained for various operating conditions.

This paper presents a conductive charger for automated guided vehicles (AGV), which is composed of a frontend rectifier with active power factor correction (APFC) and an input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) LLC resonant converter. The features include low voltage stress across power switches, reduced transformer ratio and RMS value of current of the LLC converter, and a wide output voltage range. The control strategy aims to regular the output voltage and current according to the load of battery, with the control of balanced capacitors voltage in series and shared output current in parallel simultaneously. This kind of unbalance is usually induced by the variance of devices parameters, such as the deviation between inductors. A simulation model is constructed to verify the performance of the power stage and control strategy. The results show that the presented charger can work properly to meet the charging requirements of low voltage battery powered AGVs. The calculation of the loss model shows that the efficiency of the ISOP circuit is improved compared with the traditional structure.

In an AC-DC hybrid microgrid, the AC and DC sub-grids accommodate both the sources and the loads which can be either AC or DC by nature. Interfacing of these AC and DC sub-grids are done by interlinking power converters. The converter can operate in rectifier and inverter or stop mode, according to the situation condition demands. Interlinking power converter which links the AC and DC sub-grids in the hybrid microgrid plays a vital role for achieving the stability of whole microgrid. A bidirectional droop control method for the converter is proposed, which measures the power demand of AC sub-grid and DC sub-grid in accordance with terminal AC bus frequency and terminal DC bus voltage, respectively. It also determines the direction and the magnitude of the power transfer through converter. The control of power being transferred between AC and DC sub-grids can be achieved easily using the proposed strategy. The effectiveness of control strategy is verified by time-domain simulation in MATLAB/Simulink

A fuzzy logic controller-based bidirectional inverter is proposed for plug-in electric vehicle battery charger in order to facilitate the G2V and V2G technology. Line-commutated converter with SCR switches is used as a bidirectional inverter in this charging system. The bidirectional line-commutated converter (BLCC) has inherent self-grid synchronization capability which in turn reduces the extra circuitry like phase-locked loop (PLL) and hysteresis controller for grid synchronization. Electric vehicle battery (EVB) is charged utilizing the grid power with the proposed BLCC operating as rectifier in G2V mode, and during predefined schedule, power from the EVB is supplied to the grid by operating BLCC as inverter in V2G mode. This process is accomplished by the proposed fuzzy logic controller which provides the appropriate control signals to the bidirectional line-commutated converter. The power fed to the EVB and to the grid in G2V and V2G modes, respectively, is optimally controlled by the proposed FLC. Simulation studies of the proposed FLC-based EVB charger have been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software, and the results are presented in this chapter.

This paper gives a clear view of a wind energy conversion system describing the various components associated with it and how the output power is obtained. It includes a wind turbine whose speed can be varied and is connected to the gearbox followed by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG); for rectifying, the voltage single bridge rectifier is used which includes diodes, boost converter to maximize the DC voltage, and an inverter for changing the constant magnitude and phase voltage to three-phase AC voltage as the load needs three-phase supply than a single phase. The design of a boost converter for maximizing the voltage and inverter, which helps in converting a direct magnitude voltage into a three-phase AC voltage, has been simulated in MATLAB and the outputs are obtained to describe the proper working of the overall wind energy conversion system.

Transmission line faults in HVDC systems result in sharp increase in the DC current. This increment in current should be interrupted as fast as possible to prevent damage of converter valves and resultant disturbances in the associated AC systems. For protection by communication-based schemes, there should be faster telecommunications between the rectifier/inverter stations. If not, this leads to delayed controller actions and subsequent damage to the system. Moreover, the reliability of these schemes is highly dependent on the communication channels. This paper proposes a protection algorithm for most frequent pole-to-ground faults using one-end current measurement and thereby be independent of communication delays. Current samples at the rectifier terminals are used to calculate the pole differential current at each station and compared with a threshold setting to detect the fault. The proposed technique is applied to a ±500 kV, 2-terminal bipolar HVDC system of 900 km line length. The test system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software, and the protection scheme is implemented in MATLAB. The simulation results show a successful detection of faults created at different line lengths with variable fault resistances up to 500 Ω. The maximum detection time is less than 5 ms.

This paper presents the study of various configurations in HVDC transmission, converter topologies, and its control analysis. The HVDC system configuration and converter topologies play significant roles in terms of economy, efficiency, and reliability in operation together with existing AC transmission networks. Due to the absence of DC circuit breakers in 2-terminal HVDC transmission, any normal and abnormal disturbances are taken care of by its control arrangement. The rectifier and inverters converting stations are crucial parts of DC transmission system provided with current control (CC), voltage control, extinction angle control (CEA), voltage-dependent current control (VDCOL), and many more control arrangements for stable operation during steady-state and transient disturbances. A mono-polar HVDC transmission system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the results are transported into MATLAB software to analyze the control under steady-state and transient disturbance may occur in associated with AC–DC systems.

This paper presenting the wideband printed star-shaped slot rectenna for the RF energy harvesting. This rectenna provides wideband rectifier at 900 MHz for global system for mobile (GSM) application. In this design, two rhombus-shaped slots are used to merge the resonant modes near the centre frequency. The proposed antenna provides the wide bandwidth of 47.58% (823–1336.9 MHz) than the conventional rhombus-shaped slot. In rectifier circuit, the conversion efficiency of 61.7% at −8dBm at 900 MHz for GSM band has been achieved. The received waves is rectified and converted into DC power by using Schottky diode HSMS 2850. L-type equivalent circuit is used to get total output power at the load. The output voltage provides 2 V at 0 dBm. This device is good for RF energy harvesting. This proposed rectenna can be utilized for the GSM applications.

Rectenna (rectifying antenna) is designed for better conversion efficiency. The obtained efficiency is 57.8%. The return loss obtained is −25.043 dB. The working characteristics of the rectenna are determined by the characteristic curves which depend on the input power. The power varies from −20 to 20 dBm. This paper focus on the microwave power transmission and conversion efficiency and how efficiently the conversion takes place. The rectifier circuit was designed and simulated in advanced design system (ADS) software while the antenna was designed using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS).

This paper presents a wind conversion chain supplying a DC micro grid. The studied system consists a wind turbine (WT), synchronous permanent magnet generator (PMSG), rectifier, DC-DC buck converter supply the micro grid. To extract the maximum power from the wind turbine, we used two techniques perturb & observe and the fuzzy logic. The results show the performance of the studied system to control the output voltage supply the DC Micro-grid. All modelization and simulations are performed under Matlab/Simulink environment.

Matching network is the intermediate stage connecting inverter stage and rectifier stage in the multi-MHz DC–DC converter. It plays the role of impedance transformation, adjusting the equivalent resistance of rectifier stage to meet the requirement of the inverter circuit. In this Chapter, L type, T type and \(\pi\) type matching network will be analyzed in detail.

The rectifier plays the role of transferring AC component into DC component in the multi-MHz DC–DC converter. Based on the duality principle, the resonant rectifier circuit can be derived from the inverter circuit. For the resonant rectifier stage, the Class E type rectifiers are mostly adopted. Among them, two different types of current-driven resonant rectifiers will be analyzed in this Chapter.

Based on the research of resonant inverter stage in Chap. 2, resonant rectifier stage in Chap. 3 and matching network in Chap. 4, many different kinds of multi-MHz DC–DC converters can be derived. In this chapter, some typical DC–DC converters with different characteristics will be described.

This report describes the design of RF energy harvesting circuit using the 900 MHz microstrip patch antenna and the HSMS-285B Schottky diode rectifier. The aim of this circuit is to transform the radio frequency signals in the GSM frequency band to direct current (DC) voltage. This research also provides a guideline for the design of the 900 MHz microstrip patch antenna used in the circuit mentioned below. The rectifier design is based on the doubler circuit of Villard voltage developed at 900 MHz. Three-stage voltage doubling is modelled and simulated in this paper. The proposed antenna harvests the RF power and transforms it into DC voltage ranging up to 7.5 V that can be used in low-power DC applications. This paper cited a variety of parameters of antenna such as gain, radiation pattern and return loss of the envisaged antenna. Advanced Design System (ADS) and CST Microwave Studio were used to design and simulate the following circuit.

This paper analyses the operation of rectifier using Sinusoidal Tracking Algorithm (STA). The algorithm is simple and capable of extracting fundamental component. Better current waveform, harmonic less operation is possible by this method. The unity power factor, DC link voltage regulation are also possible. Hysteresis Current Controller is used for generating gate pulses. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulation results validates proposed control strategy.

Minimzation of total harmonic distortion in the case of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based inverters for non-linear loading condition is a prime factor in the improvisation of the overall response of the system. In this paper, modeling and analysis of multiple feedback loop control systems for single-phase modified unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) inverter with a proper designed inductive and capacitive output filter. A new control scheme is utilized in the design which senses the capacitor current used in the filter circuits and the same current is used as an inner current feedback loop. To ensure the regulated sinusoidal load voltage, a feedback loop considering voltage of the outer loop is integrated. The power stage transfer functions between capacitor current, current reference and output voltages that are required to design the feedback compensators are derived using Mason’s gain formula and signal flow graph. The control design is accomplished using single input single output (Siso) tool, which is provided in MATLAB/SIMULINK to observe the results of change in gain control values to the system’s transient response and stability. To appraise the execution of the designed compensators, the PWM inverter is designed and simulated for linear (resistive) and non-linear (rectifier) loads with an output power of 700 W at 230 V AC. From the simulation results, the designed compensator exhibits a good transient response and inverter output is stable with infinite gain margin and 0.5% harmonic distortion for non-linear load conditions. With the proposed design, the load voltage recovery time of less than 0.5 ms has been achieved for 700 W load step.

In this paper, closed-loop control of fixed pattern rectifier for renewable power applications has been proposed. This method explains the dual-loop control as voltage and current controller makes unity power coefficient. The main advantage of this control strategy has rapid dynamic response and better static nature. Dc-link voltage regulation and power factor maintenance have been achieved using voltage and current controller, respectively. MATLAB simulation has been employed to justify the responses for fixed pattern rectifier which maintains modulating index fixed.

The work presented in this paper discusses about the usage of DC electric springs in the microgrid system consisting of more than one renewable energy source and one main grid connection point. The objective of this work is to reduce the dependability of the microgrids on the main grid by coordinating the power supplied by renewable energy sources during generation intermittence of the renewable generators. In order to achieve the said objective, a control algorithm is proposed in this work which makes the DC noncritical loads consume lesser power during generation deficits in the microgrid. The proposed control algorithm is simple to implement and can be used for complex microgrid structures also. A microgrid system consisting of two renewable generators, one main grid connection point and DC loads fed through a rectifier are considered for the study, and the models of the same are developed in MATLAB/Simulink.

At present, with the rapid development of urban rail transit, the design requirements of urban rail power supply system are getting higher and higher. This paper mainly studies the simulation of urban rail transit power supply system with inverter feedback device, in order to provide data support for power supply system design and energy consumption analysis from the aspects of system modeling and simulation. First of all, the model of traction substation is established, including rectifier unit and inverter unit, and the calculation principles and algorithm implementation process of DC network power flow calculation and AC network power flow calculation are also analyzed next. Finally, the power flow distribution and energy utilization effect of the power supply system considering inverter feedback device are evaluated. The results show that the inverter feedback device installed in traction substation plays an important role in reducing traction network voltage, improving energy efficiency and saving operation cost.

DC traction power supply system is an important part of urban rail transit. The modeling of it is not only the basis of safe operation of urban rail transit, but also provides theoretical basis for failure mechanism analysis. In order to solve the problems caused by high traffic density and long power supply distance of suburban lines in the rush hours of urban rail transit, this paper established the integrated model of rectifier units-traction network-vehicle simulation on MATLAB/Simulink platform. Taking bilateral power supply mode as an example, the starting current of multi-vehicle in different locations and times in DC traction power supply system is analyzed. By comparing the simulation results, the characteristics are distinguished between multi-vehicle starting current and remote short-circuit current effectively to protect the DC traction power supply system reliably.

These days most electronic loads are nonlinear. Electronic equipment such as audio devices, personal computers and electronic ballasts for discharge lamps are the example of nonlinear loads. These electronic loads are works in DC voltage. As the energy distribution system is performed in AC voltage, the AC voltage need to change into DC voltage. The single-phase rectifier performed the conversion of AC voltage to DC voltage in low power applications. The main drawback of these rectifiers is that they generate significant harmonic distortion. Components aging, power system efficiency lessen and excessive heat of equipments are the effects of harmonics in power system. Thus, the self-resonance, non-dielectric and hysteresis existed in the power system affected system designer to choose the passive components for the simulation. This paper portrays the study and development of an estimation method for the values of the electrical parts in the majority of the electronic equipment accessible in the market. It is conceivable to identify the values of equivalent capacitance, resistance and inductance that associated with the rectifier through this method. Simulation results validate the better accuracy of the proposed method when contrasted to the measurement-based method. The proposed method using Kalman filter to this rectifier topology enabled the expansion for future works to think about their harmonic effect on the power quality (PQ) of power distribution systems.

Energy is the source that drives the entire earth. In this era of technological development, the main concern is the need to develop new energy sources so as to meet the needs and demands of the consumers. The most viable and feasible fields after all these years of testing and research have led us to transducers, devices that convert one form of energy to the other. The purpose of this “Energy Harvesting Using the Concept of Piezoelectric Tiles using Motors and Wooden Plank” project is to develop a low-voltage electrical energy based on the concept of green technology. Here using the same concept of tile mechanical vibration energy that results when people walk across the tile (wooden plank) is received by the motors which will generate a small electric energy, this electric energy will be connected to a circuit having a diode as a rectifier and convert an alternating voltage to a direct current voltage. When there is a direct current voltage, this voltage can be stored in the bank of capacitor connected in parallel circuit which acts as a collector of electric energy to be used further.

The work reported in this research chapter is to implement the power maximization control technique toward the rectifier side of the PMSG-based grid-connected WECS. To prove that, proposed tuned two input fuzzy-based maximum power point tracking controller is better than the normal fuzzy-based single input MPPT controller. The simulation results of both the controllers are realized and the substantiating improvement in terms of real power produced across the grid is analyzed. It is found that the performance of tuned FLC is better. In most of the existing literatures, commonly occurring asymmetrical faults are taken for consideration to assess the transient study of the WECS. As a second part of analysis, in the proposed work, rarely occurring faults such as three-phase symmetrical fault (LLL) are also taken into account along with asymmetrical fault and the study is thoroughly conducted by injecting the fault towards the grid side in MATLAB Simulink environment. The motive of this study is that, though the symmetrical fault is rarely occurring, the negative impact it creates on the system is very high. It is a main factor that has to be considered while designing the controllers. SMC is proposed in order to bring the system back to the normal state during the period of fault occurrence for any kind of fault towards the grid side. This chapter throws light on a fact that even during grid fault conditions, the proposed tuned FLC and SMC holds good in coordination of system functions. The entire wind system is modeled in such a way that there is perfect coordination between tuned FLC and SMC during steady-state and transient-state conditions.

In conventional methods of high-voltage DC generation, there is a limitation of withstanding the short-circuit current. The output voltage of conventional methods is twice that of the input voltage for a single stage. This voltage increases as the stage increases; therefore by using hybrid topology, the voltage level for a single stage can be increased which is higher than the conventional rectifier circuit and also the limitation of withstanding the short-circuit current can be overcome. In a conventional method, the output voltage is fixed with a fixed input voltage, so by using the above hybrid topology the output voltage is regulated by keeping the input voltage fixed.