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Indigenous agricultural practices adopted by locals largely depend on traditional knowledge, common in agricultural system to preserve ecosystem, biodiversity, and useful in maintaining sustainable food and human health. Farmers possess a vast pool of indigenous knowledge in livestock management which reduces external input dependency by utilizing various renewable farm resources as agricultural practices. These practices address the rural development and nature conservation; contribute to maintaining ecosystem of particular area which leads to sustainable use of biodiversity conservation. This knowledge is not systematically recorded; therefore, it is not easily accessible to agricultural researchers; hence, these are valuable practices that provide farmer-to-farmer training or local technology transfer. Different governmental as well as non-governmental policies are designed to maintain biodiversity; hence, indigenous agriculture is one of the most important practices followed for biodiversity conservation. To change the people’s mind towards indigenous agriculture through spiritual education is one of the most important factors which could be focused on important ethics; hence, it can preserve both indigenous knowledge and biodiversity for achieving sustainable development.

Soil is an excellent niche for the growth of microorganisms which includes plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). PGPRs have great potential for plant growth promotion as they control pest and disease and have been considered important in sustainable agriculture. PGPRs induce and/or synthesize various growth-promoting and biocontrolling chemicals which are useful for sustainable agriculture and environment. These chemicals are phytohormones, antibiotics, enzymes, etc., which react with the soil and provide better health to the plants. PGPRs directly or indirectly circulate their products to soil for better soil health which further enhance the soil immunity followed by influencing plant growth, productivity, and yield. Soil immune system works strongly by the activities of soil microbes which are considered as a heart of soil. These soil microbes are responsible for increasing soil fertility and productivity which are considered important for sustainable agriculture.